Tests with organo-phosphorus dry sugar baits against houseflies in Israel

Tests were carried out in rural areas in Israel with various organo-phosphorus dry sugar baits. Malathion 2.5%, diazinon 1% and Dipterex 1% gave equally effective results. Chlorthion 1% and malathion 1% and 2% were used in smaller quantities and were less effective.     

杀虫剂对抗药性家蝇的兴奋性研究

目的研究3种类型4种杀虫剂对2种杀虫剂抗性品系以及实验室敏感品系家蝇的兴奋性。方法杀虫剂兴奋度测定的方法。结果随着溴氰菊酯浓度的增加,Lab品系的平均停留时间有延长也有缩短,溴氰菊酯抗性品系家蝇(Del-R)均缩短;接触不同浓度的高效氯氟氰菊酯,Lab和高效氯氟氰菊酯抗性品系家蝇(Chy-R)均缩短,浓度越高,停留时间越短。Lab品系家蝇接触氟虫腈药面的平均停留时间均缩短,有浓度高,停留时间缩短的趋势。Lab品系家蝇在甲基嘧啶磷药面上的平均停留时间有延长也有缩短,低浓度延长,高浓度缩短。结论溴氰菊酯抗性品系家蝇存在行为学的改变,具备行为抗性的特征;高效氯氟氰菊酯用作滞留性喷洒时剂量不宜大于62.5 mg ai/m2;氟虫腈、甲基嘧啶磷对敏感品系家蝇具有兴奋作用,但12.5 mg ai/m2的甲基嘧啶磷对家蝇的兴奋性没有影响。     

The comparative toxicity of phosphoramidothionates and phosphoramidates to susceptible and insecticide-resistant houseflies and mosquitos

Studies of the comparative toxicity of a number of homologous X-chlorophenyl phosphoramidothionates and phosphoramidates and related analogues to susceptible and insecticide-resistant houseflies (Musca domestica L.) and mosquitos (Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus Say and Anopheles albimanus Wied.) have shown that the 2,4,5-trichlorophenyl series is the most active and the 4-chlorophenyl series the least active. Toxicity decreases in general with increasing chain length of the alkoxy and alkylamido moieties, maximum toxicity residing in methoxy, ethoxy, amido, methylamido, and ethylamido homologues. Toxicity is greatest to the susceptible strain but the alkylamido and X-chlorophenyl structures confer toxicological advantages from the standpoint of relative effectiveness against organophosphorus-resistance and organophosphorus vigour-tolerance. Many of the phosphoramidates are less toxic than their phosphoramidothionate analogues, probably due to less favourable physical properties.     

The comparative toxicity of DDT and analogues to susceptible and resistant houseflies and mosquitos

Studies of the comparative toxicity of more than 120 DDT analogues to susceptible and insecticide-resistant houseflies (Musca domestica L.) and mosquitos (Culex fatigans Wiedemann and Anopheles albimanus Wiedemann) have shown that the relative effectiveness of these compounds against DDT-resistant insects is correlated with the susceptibility of the molecule to attack by DDT-ase at the benzylic hydrogen. Compounds highly effective against DDT-resistant flies and mosquitos are produced by blocking this detoxication mechanism by o-chlorination, α-fluorination, and by altering the aliphatic portion of the molecule as in the nitropropyl, neopentyl, dichlorocyclopropyl, and trichlorobenzanilide derivatives. These compounds offer practical possibilities for the control of DDT-resistant insects. The correlation of structure, DDT-like activity, and resistance ratios gives new insight into the mode of action of DDT and the nature of DDT resistance.     

Cross-tolerances of dieldrin-resistant flies and mosquitos to various cyclodiene insecticides

Nineteen cyclodiene insecticides incorporating major and minor structural variations of the chlorinated bridged bicycloheptene structure were evaluated against susceptible and dieldrin-resistant houseflies, and against larvae and adults of susceptible Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus Say and dieldrin-resistant Anopheles albimanus Wied. Determinations of LD₅₀ or LC₅₀ values demonstrated cross-resistance to all of the cyclodienes studied. This cross-resistance was very marked for most compounds, but was least in all cases for octachloro-endomethano-tetrahydrophthalan (Telodrin), which was also very toxic to the susceptible insects.     

Evaluation of compounds for insecticidal activity on adult mosquitos. 1. Responses of adult mosquitos to some new insecticides

Responses shown by female mosquitos to topical applications of solutions, to deposits from water-dispersible-powder formulations, or to exposure to the vapour from such deposits, are described for a number of compounds that have shown promise as residual contact insecticides.     

家蝇无选择压力抗药性衰退观察

昆虫的抗药性是由于杀虫剂的选择作用,家蝇在杀虫剂的选择压力下,抗药性增长很快,因此,杀虫剂的选择压力决定了抗药性的水平.在抗药性治理中的各种防治模式包括轮用、混用、增效剂的使用等主要目的就是减弱杀虫剂的选择压力.为了进一步了解在没有杀虫剂的选择压力的情况下,家蝇的抗药性的变化,作者进行了室内抗药性衰退观察.     

Control of health hazards likely to arise from the use of organo-phosphorus insecticides in vector control

The widespread use of DDT and the chlorinated hydrocarbon group of insecticides for the control of mosquitos and flies has led to the emergence of resistant strains of flies. Where the DDT group of insecticides is ineffective for the control of resistant insects, it appears that the use of the organo-phosphorus group of insecticides may be an alternative. However, it seems probable that their introduction and application under the same conditions in which DDT has been safely used might carry serious risks to the health of the men who apply them. In this paper, the authors indicate what these dangers are, how they manifest themselves, and how they might be controlled. Four methods of blood-cholinesterase determinations, carried out in the laboratory and in the field, are described in an annex.     

木材保护剂在古建筑和仿古建筑虫害预防上的应用

我国是一个蛀虫和白蚁危害均十分严重的国家，木结构建筑每年因蛀虫和白蚁所造成的损失不可估量。长期以来，我国主要依赖CCA等传统木材保护剂对古建筑和仿古建筑进行保护。然而CCA等传统的木材保护剂因含有砷、铬等有毒物质，易污染环境和损害人类健康，目前已被欧盟、美国、日本等发达国家禁止或限制使用。绍兴市曙光科技开发有限公司研制的伟光牌木材保护剂（以下简称“本保护剂”）不含砷、铬等毒性成分，完全以水为媒介，对环境非常安全。经其处理的木材不仅可在几十年内免受天牛、粉蠹、长蠹、木蜂、白蚁等蛀虫的蛀食危害，而且可有效地防止木材受各种真菌的侵蚀和破坏。同时，木材还具有优异的防火阻燃性能，经浙江省消防安全质量检测站检测，其防火、阻燃性能均符合国家标准。     

两种复配剂灭蝇效果观察

随着城市化进程的加快,城区人口逐渐增多,生活垃圾也日益增多。垃圾中的腐败物质为蝇类的孳生和繁殖提供了有利条件。这样,既危害人们的身体健康,又影响环境质量。因此,垃圾场灭蝇工作势在必行。在提倡环保的今天,我们推出了两种复配剂,进行了实验室和现场试验。