腹腔镜胆囊切除术治疗急性结石性胆囊炎的临床体会

目的分析腹腔镜胆囊切除术治疗急性结石性胆囊炎的效果。方法对46急性结石性胆囊炎患者实施腹腔镜胆囊切除术,并对其临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果 44例顺利完成胆囊切除术,2例患者因胆囊三角区致密粘连解剖困难无法辨清"三管"关系而中转开腹。手术时间40.00~51.60 min,平均45.26 min。未发生切口感染、出血、胆管损伤等并发症及死亡病例。术后住院时间3~7 d,平均4.68 d,均痊愈出院。结论腹腔镜胆囊切除术治疗急性结石性胆囊炎,创伤小、术后并发症少、恢复时间短。但应严格掌握手术适应证和把握好中转开腹的时机。     

胆囊颈管结石嵌顿的腹腔镜胆囊切除术围手术期处理

目的 探讨胆囊炎伴胆囊颈管内结石嵌顿患者的腹腔镜胆囊切除术围手术期处理.方法 回顾分析我院112例胆囊炎伴胆囊颈管内结石嵌顿患者行LC的围手术期处理措施.结果 本组成功完成LC 108例,中转开腹4例,手术时间54 ～160 min,平均82 min,住院时间4～9d,平均6.2 d;术后无严重并发症发生.结论 腹腔镜手术中应高度重视和发现胆囊颈管结石,只要作好充分术前准备,手术谨慎操作,术后严格管理,对于胆囊颈管结石LC手术是安全可行的.     

萎缩性胆囊炎腹腔镜胆囊切除术中胆囊Calot三角的处理

目的探讨萎缩性胆囊炎腹腔镜下胆囊切除术(LC)术中Calot三角的处理。方法对125例慢性结石性萎缩性胆囊炎进行LC的资料进行回顾性分析。结果 125例中行LC成功117例,成功率93.6%,中转开腹8例,4例因Calot三角严重粘连、解剖不清、胆囊管无法分离,1例胆囊与周围组织致密粘连无法分离,2例因为胆囊动脉出血,1例胆囊十二指肠瘘而中转开腹。全组术后无并发症,均治愈出院。结论萎缩性胆囊炎LC手术成功的关键是Calot三角的解剖,可以通过术前B超,CT,MRI来判断三角区的情况,术中对三角区的胆囊动脉,胆囊管的正确处理可以提高手术成功率,减少手术并发症。     

腹腔镜手术治疗颈部结石嵌顿性急性胆囊炎88例临床分析

目的:探讨颈部结石嵌顿性急性胆囊炎患者行腹腔镜胆囊切除术的特点及手术技巧。方法:回顾分析88例胆囊颈部结石嵌顿性急性胆囊炎患者行腹腔镜手术的临床资料。结果:87例均顺利完成腹腔镜胆囊切除术,其中2例M irizzi综合征Ⅰ型行腹腔镜胆囊部分切除术,1例合并胆囊十二指肠瘘中转开腹。结论:颈部结石嵌顿性急性胆囊炎患者行腹腔镜手术安全可行,术中如胆囊颈部粘连致密无法解剖,胆囊与邻近脏器内瘘形成应及时中转开腹。     

基层医院腹腔镜胆囊切除术中转开腹原因分析

目的 探讨基层医院腹腔镜胆囊切除术(laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC)中转开腹手术的原因.方法 回顾分析2005年10月～2013年3月胆囊疾病患者行LC中转开腹手术的病例资料.结果 1650例LC中转病例31例,中转率为1.88％,术后患者均顺利出院,无死亡病例.结论 胆囊炎行LC中转开腹手术的主要原因为发生胆囊三角致密性粘连、解剖不清、胆囊周围严重粘连、出血及胆道损伤.及时中转开腹,把握中转开腹时机是降低并发症的有效措施.     

腹腔镜手术治疗急性结石性胆囊炎396例报告

目的:总结腹腔镜手术治疗急性结石性胆囊炎的临床经验。方法:回顾分析为396例急性结石性胆囊炎患者行腹腔镜胆囊切除术的临床资料。结果:364例成功完成手术3,2例中转开腹。手术时间28～110 min,平均58 min,术中出血量10～100 ml,术后无严重并发症发生,患者均痊愈出院。结论:急性结石性胆囊炎行腹腔镜胆囊切除术安全可行。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术治疗急性结石性胆囊炎的体会

目的总结急性结石性胆囊炎患者行腹腔镜胆囊切除术(1aparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC)的临床经验及适应证和手术技巧。方法回顾性分析2000-09～2009-09为132例急性结石性胆囊炎患者行LC的临床资料。结果120例成功完成LC,中转开腹12例。手术时间40～120min,平均60min。术后住院4～21d,平均7d。术后无严重并发症发生。结论只要把握手术时机、掌握好手术技巧、及时和必要的中转开腹,急性结石性胆囊炎患者行腹腔镜胆囊切除术是安全可行的。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术治疗急性结石性胆囊炎56例临床分析

目的:探讨急性结石性胆囊炎患者行腹腔镜胆囊切除术的可行性、安全性。方法:回顾分析我院为56例急性结石性胆囊炎患者行腹腔镜胆囊切除术的临床资料。结果:52例成功完成腹腔镜手术,成功率92.9%,4例中转开腹,中转率7.1%,无严重并发症发生,患者均痊愈出院,疗效满意。结论:急性结石性胆囊炎在急性炎症期行腹腔镜胆囊切除术安全可行。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术治疗急性结石性胆囊炎临床分析

目的观察腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)治疗急性结石性胆囊炎的效果。方法将96例结石性胆囊炎患者随机分为2组,每组48例。腹腔镜组实施LC,开腹组行开腹胆囊切除术。观察2组手术时间、术中出血量、术后胃肠功能恢复时间、住院时间和术后并发症发生率等。结果腹腔镜组中1例患者因胆囊三角区严重粘连导致解剖困难,1例因胆囊床出血镜下止血困难,均中转开腹行胆囊切除术。其余2组均成功完成手术。2组患者手术时间差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。腹腔镜组术中出血量、术后胃肠功能恢复时间、住院时间、并发症发生率等均少于或短于开腹组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 LC治疗急性结石性胆囊炎具有创伤小、并发症少及康复快等优势,但应严格掌握手术适应证和把握中转开腹手术的时机。     

腹腔镜技术治疗萎缩性胆囊炎57例经验分析

目的 探讨腹腔镜技术在慢性萎缩性胆囊炎治疗中的有效性、安全性及手术技巧.方法 回顾总结57例慢性萎缩性胆囊炎行腹腔镜胆囊切除手术(LC)的临床资料,分析高并发症发生率的主要原因及治疗干预的措施.结果 胆囊三角区粘连严重解剖困难31例,占54%.55例完成LC,2例患者中转开腹手术,中转开腹的原因1例为胆囊十二指肠瘘,另1例因肝总管前壁横行切开,中转手术率为3.5%.手术时间为78(60~120)min.平均术中出血量为91(50~450)mL.所有患者术后恢复良好,无严重并发症发生.结论 反复急性炎症或胆囊颈部结石嵌顿而至胆囊三角区解剖困难是导致腹腔镜萎缩胆囊切除高并发症发生率的主要原因.避免发生手术副损伤的主要措施有:要求胆囊三角区清晰的解剖、术中合理使用钝性分离手法、应用蚕蚀法切除胆囊、掌握正确的止血方法等.对切除相当困难或预见可能出现手术副损伤时,应及时中转手术.     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术中转开腹156例临床分析

目的探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术(laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC)中转开腹的原因,评估LC术前难易的程度及怎样减少LC手术并发症。方法回顾分析我院2000年5月至2005年8月间5100例LC中156例中转开腹的临床资料。结果LC中转开腹发生率为3.06%,其原因为胆囊周围严重粘连,近期急性发作,Calot三角严重充血水肿,解剖不清。结论胆囊周围粘连严重,近期急性发作,应慎重选择LC。掌握好中转开腹的时机及处理方法,是降低LC手术并发症的有效措施。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除即刻中转开腹的原因及预防

目的探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)中即刻中转开腹的术前、术中预防的措施.方法回顾性分析我院568例LC术中即刻中转开腹27例的中转开腹原因、操作方法和疗效.结果即刻中转开腹的原因有:胆囊与周围组织粘连紧密(1.4%)、胆囊严重急性炎症(0.9%)、Calot三角"冰冻样"粘连(0.9%)、大结石嵌顿于胆囊管近端(0.5%)、胆囊管畸形(0.4%)、脐下第一穿刺孔周围广泛粘连(0.4%)、胆囊窝出血不止(0.2%).中轻开腹手术无一例死亡,无术中、术后并发症.结论术前和术中采取预防措施可减少即刻中转开腹.     

腹腔镜胆囊废弃术治疗萎缩性胆囊炎安全性分析

目的探讨腹腔镜胆囊废弃术治疗萎缩性胆囊炎的技术要点与安全性。 方法回顾性分析自2007年3月至2018年2月对萎缩性胆囊炎313例实施腹腔镜损伤控制性手术治疗,酌情选择胆囊大部切除、胆囊部分切除、胆囊纵向剖开取石或胆囊横向分割切除。大体积萎缩性胆囊炎多可按照胆囊壶腹钟表定位法辨识胆囊与肝外胆管解剖关系,小体积萎缩性胆囊炎多需直接剖开取石后酌情采取壶腹旷置术或壶腹缝合术。合并胆总管结石者同期腹腔镜手术处理。 结果本组患者大体积萎缩性胆囊炎129例,小体积萎缩性胆囊炎184例;其中合并胆总管结石47例,均在腹腔镜下顺利完成手术,3孔法142例,4孔法169例,5孔法2例,无一例中转开腹,无一例胆管损伤。 结论取净结石,废弃胆囊,妥善处理胆囊管或胆囊壶腹,就可安全实施萎缩性胆囊炎的腹腔镜手术治疗。     

经皮经肝胆囊穿刺置管引流治疗合并肝硬化的急性胆囊炎

【摘要】〓目的〓探讨经皮经肝胆囊穿刺置管引流治疗对合并肝硬化门静脉高压症的急性胆囊炎患者的安全性及疗效。方法〓回顾性分析于2013年9月到2014年12月进行经皮经肝胆囊穿刺置管引流术治疗的合并肝硬化高压症急性胆囊炎患者12例。其中,肝功能Child-pugh A级7例,Child-pugh B级5例,分析12例患者经皮经肝穿刺胆囊置管引流术后并发症发生情况、术后炎症消退情况、术前后肝功能变化情况。结果〓12例患者均通过皮经肝胆囊穿刺置管引流术治疗后胆囊炎症消退,并择期成功行腹腔镜下胆囊切除术。其中,有2例患者因穿刺出现腹腔内出血,后经保守治疗后出血停止。无胆瘘发生。术后部分患者肝功能有所改善。结论〓经皮经肝穿刺胆囊置管引流治疗对合并肝硬化的急性胆囊炎是一种安全的治疗方法,可作为后续安全地施行腹腔镜下胆囊切除术的过渡。     

The impact of patient delay and physician delay on the outcome of laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis

BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is now used in the management of acute cholecystitis. Under these circumstances unfavorable conditions may result in conversion and complications. Information about these conditions may help in planning the laparoscopic approach or in proceeding directly to open cholecystectomy. This study was initiated to evaluate perioperative factors associated with conversion and complications of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in acute cholecystitis. Special attention was paid to the duration of complaints until surgery, to the delay on the part of the patient, and to the delay on the part of the physician. METHODS: Between January 1994 and December 1997, we attempted to perform laparoscopic cholecystectomy on 348 patients with acute cholecystitis. All perioperative data were collected on standardized forms. RESULTS: There were 182 cases (52%) of acute uncomplicated cholecystitis, 90 (26%) of gangrenous cholecystitis, 33 of hydrops (9.5%), and 43 of empyema of the gallbladder (12.5%). Seventy six patients (22%) needed conversion to open cholecystectomy and complications occurred in 57 cases. Advanced cholecystitis was associated with significant patient delay (P = 0.01), and it had a significantly higher conversion rate (39%) compared with early cholecystitis (14.5%); (P <0.00001). Conversion rates were also associated with male gender (P = 0.0017), a history of biliary disease (P = 0.0085), and a patient delay of >48 hours (P = 0.028). The total and infectious complication rates were associated with an age older than 60 years (P = 0.023 and 0.007, respectively) and male gender (P = 0.026 and 0.014, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: In acute cholecystitis, patient delay is associated with a high conversion rate. Early timing of laparoscopic cholecystectomy tends to reduce the conversion rate, as well as the total and the infectious complication rates. Male gender, a history of biliary disease, and advanced cholecystitis are associated with conversion. Male and older patients are associated with a high total and infectious complication rates.     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术适应证的探讨

目的　探讨不加选择的情况下腹腔镜胆囊切除术的适应证及临床疗效。　方法　总结 1998年～ 2 0 0 1年 8月未加选择连续实施的 2 4 3例腹腔镜胆囊切除术 ,分析其中转开腹率和手术疗效。　结果　全组 2 4 3例LC病人中共有 3例分别因胆囊床出血、胆管损伤、十二指肠与胆囊致密粘连胆囊三角解剖不清而中转开腹手术 ,中转开腹率为 1.2 %。术中并发症发生率为 1.2 % (3 2 4 3) ,术后并发症发生率为 0 .8% (2 2 4 3) ,总的手术并发症发生率为 2 .1% (5 2 4 3)。　结论　腹腔镜胆囊切除术对于规范化培训过的腹腔镜医师而言即使是急性期和萎缩性胆囊炎病人 ,也可在不明显增加手术并发症和中转开腹率的情况下安全地实施 ,所以LC适应证可以拓宽至 98%以上的有症状胆囊疾病患者。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术及部分切除术治疗胆囊复杂疾病的对比研究

目的:探讨腹腔镜胆囊部分切除术在胆囊复杂疾病患者中的应用价值。方法:将2009年1月至2013年1月收治的80例胆囊复杂疾病患者随机分为两组,每组40例,A组行腹腔镜胆囊部分切除术,B组行腹腔镜胆囊切除术。观察两组临床疗效及术后并发症发生情况。结果:两组手术时间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);B组术中出血量[(86.4±11.6)ml]显著高于A组[(44.9±16.1)ml](P<0.05)。B组7例中转开腹,8例术后发生并发症;A组1例中转开腹,术后1例发生并发症,两组相比差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。A组中急性化脓性胆囊炎、急性坏疽性胆囊炎、慢性萎缩性胆囊炎患者间的术中出血量、手术时间、中转开腹情况及术后并发症等方面差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:腹腔镜胆囊部分切除术治疗复杂胆囊病变可减少术中出血,有效避免中转开腹,减少术后并发症的发生。     

Laparoscopic subtotal cholecystectomy for severe cholecystitis

Background: In severe cholecystitis, laparoscopic cholecystectomy can be technically difficult, and is associated with an increased rate of procedure conversions and common bile duct lesions. Methods: We investigated the safety and complications of laparoscopic subtotal cholecystectomy for severe cholecystitis in a medium- to long-term follow-up evaluation. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy was performed in 345 patients during a period of 64 months. In 46 of the patients (13.3%), a subtotal cholecystectomy was performed. The results were compared with data on laparoscopic cholecystectomy from 16,130 patients in 84 surgical institutes in Switzerland, collected prospectively by the Swiss Association for Laparoscopic and Thoracoscopic Surgery (SALTS). Results: The median operating time was 93 min (range, 50–140) min. The overall rate of procedure conversions in acute cholecystitis was lowered significantly from 23.2% (SALTS) to 9.7%. There was no bile duct lesion, as compared with the rate of 0.8% in the SALTS data. In follow-up evaluations, fluid collections in 16 patients (35%) and residual gallstones in 6 patients (13%) were of no clinical relevance. Conclusions: Laparoscopic subtotal cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis offers a simple and safe solution that prevents bile duct injuries and decreases the rate of conversion in anatomically difficult situations.     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术治疗急性胆囊炎

目的:探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术(laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC)治疗急性胆囊炎的疗效及手术价值。方法:回顾分析为98例急性胆囊炎患者行LC的临床资料,其中男65例,女33例,发病时间9 h~5 d,均采用四孔法施术。结果:89例成功完成LC,9例中转开腹,中转率9.2%。手术时间25~150 min,无并发症发生,术后愈合良好,患者均痊愈出院。术后病理证实为急性单纯性胆囊炎55例、化脓性胆囊炎32例、坏疽性胆囊炎11例。85例获得随访,随访3~36个月,无严重并发症发生。结论:LC具有患者创伤小、疤痕小、术后康复快等优点,对于胆囊良性病变优势较大。急性胆囊炎患者应积极选择手术治疗,尤其逆行切除术,手术安全、可靠,适于发病72 h内的患者;对于发作时间较长的患者,也应根据患者实际情况及术者经验综合评估、分析。     

Early laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute gangrenous cholecystitis

Treatment of severe acute cholecystitis by laparoscopic cholecystectomy remains controversial because of technical difficulties and high rates of complications and conversion to open cholecystectomy. We investigated whether early laparoscopic cholecystectomy is appropriate for acute gangrenous cholecystitis. Pathologic diagnoses and outcomes were analyzed in patients who underwent laparoscopic or open cholecystectomy at our hospital, January 2002 to September 2005. Of 30 patients with acute gangrenous cholecystitis, 16 underwent early laparoscopic cholecystectomy, 10 underwent open cholecystectomy, and 4 were converted to open cholecystectomy (conversion rate, 20.0%). There was no significant difference in operation time or intraoperative bleeding. The requirement for postoperative analgesics was significantly lower (6.4+/-7.3 vs. 1.5+/-1.2 doses, P<0.05) and hospital stay significantly shorter (8.6+/-2.1 vs. 15.6+/-6.3 d, P<0.01) after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. There were no postoperative complications in either group. Thus, early laparoscopic cholecystectomy seems appropriate for acute gangrenous cholecystitis. Conversion to open cholecystectomy may be required in difficult cases with complications.