区域性肝血流阻断在解剖性肝切除术中的应用

探讨区域性肝血流阻断技术在解剖性肝切除术中的应用。回顾性分析25例解剖性肝切除患者的临床资料。所有患者均行区域性肝血流阻断技术,肝部分切除术均在半肝血流阻断下顺利完成。患者手术中的出血量较少,平均失血量200 mL,术后肝功能损害轻,术后胆瘘出血等并发症少。无肝功能衰竭,无死亡病例。采取区域性肝血流阻断技术,能够有效控制肝切除手术中的出血,减少对肝功能的损害,提高手术成功率。     

肝血管成像三维重建联合区域血流阻断美蓝持久染色在精准肝切除手术中的应用

目的：探讨术前双源CT下肝血管造影三维重建成像联合术中区域血流阻断美蓝持久染色在精准肝切除术中的应用价值。 方法：37例行肝癌患者术前均行双源CT下肝血管造影成像三维重建,术中先解剖第一肝门,显露预切肝叶/段Glisson鞘各管,从预切肝叶/段门静脉属支（门静脉有癌栓者从胆管）注入美蓝染色,阻断拟切除肝血流,按染色的界限行肝叶/段切除。将该37例患者（观察组）与同期32例行传统肝切除手术肝癌患者（对照组）作比较。 结果：观察组37例行精准肝切除患者术前肝血管造影成像和术中肝脏染色相一致。与对照组比较,观察组手术时间延长,切肝出血量减少,肝功能指标变化小、恢复快,并发症发生率降低,住院时间缩短（均P<0.05）。 结论：双源CT下肝血管造影成像三维重建联合区域血流阻断美蓝持久染色应用于精准肝切除手术,能减少出血,避免误伤保留肝脏的Glisson管道,减少肝功能损害和手术并发症。     

选择性肝血流阻断切肝术(附213例报道)

目的分析选择性肝血流阻断切肝术在防止术中肝脏大出血及术后肝功能衰竭方面的作用。方法根据肿瘤部位、大小及肝硬化情况,采用半肝血流阻断,半肝全血流阻断,交替半肝血流阻断,交替半肝全血流阻断,单纯门静脉阻断及肝褥式缝合等区域性肝血流阻断技术切除肝肿瘤共213例。观察肝门阻断时间、出血量、术后肝功能恢复情况及并发症发生率。结果半肝血流阻断144例,其中左肝门阻断32倒,右肝门阻断112例。半肝全血流阻断39例,其中右肝门 右肝静脉阻断26例,左肝门 左、中肝静脉阻断13例。交替半肝血流阻断7例,交替半肝全血流阻断5例,单纯门静脉阻断8例,局部褥式缝扎10例。肿瘤切除率100%, 第一肝门及肝静脉分离均成功。无一例发生肝静脉破裂出血及空气栓塞,术后无一例发生肝功能衰竭。术后胆漏6例,保守治疗痊愈。结论区域性肝血流阻断切肝术是一种安全、简便的方法,对防止肝静脉破裂出血,降低术后肝功能衰竭发生率具有重要作用。     

半肝血流阻断行肝叶切除术的临床应用

目的对肝切除半肝血流阻断技术进行改进，预防术后肝功能不全的发生。方法对37例行肝切除患者采用肝门解剖半肝血流阻断技术。结果术后肝功能恢复快，全部病例均未出现肝功能不全，无手术死亡。结论肝门解剖半肝血流阻断方法，操作简便、省时、并发症少，是防止肝切除术后肝功能衰竭的一种有效方法。     

区域性肝血流阻断在肝切除术中的应用

目的：探讨区域性肝血流阻断技术在肝切除术中的应用。方法：回顾性分析2004—2010年采取区域性肝血流阻断技术行肝部分切除31例的临床资料。结果：31例肝部分切除均在半肝血流阻断下顺利完成，阻断时间15~45 min,术中出血少，平均失血量300 mL，术后肝功能损害轻，术后胆瘘出血等并发症少。无肝功能衰竭，无死亡病例。结论： 采取区域性肝血流阻断技术，能够有效控制肝切除手术中的出血，减少对肝功能的损害，提高手术成功率。     

选择性/超选择出入肝血管阻断后解剖性肝切除

目的探讨选择性/超选择性阻断出入肝血管后解剖性肝切除对肝脏疾病患者手术中失血量、术后肝功能、并发症、住院时间等相关因素的影响。方法选择/超选择出入肝血管阻断后解剖性肝切除66例,其中肝段切除22例、右半肝切除12例,左半肝切除6例,Ⅱ Ⅲ段肝切除19例,Ⅵ Ⅶ段肝切除5例,Ⅴ Ⅷ段肝切除2例。观察其对术中失血量、输血量、术后肝功能、术后并发症、术后住院时间等的影响。结果本组切除术中出血量(437±123)m l,所有病例手术中均未输血;术后患者肝功能损伤程度较轻,54例术后1周恢复至术前水平;无肝功能衰竭等相关并发症;术后平均住院时间13.1 d,无围手术期死亡。结论对于适应症明确的肝脏疾病,通过选择性或超选择性出入肝血流阻断后行肝脏解剖性切除可有效减少术中出血、降低术后相关并发症的发生。     

肝尾状叶肿瘤手术76例临床总结

目的分析切除肝尾状叶肿瘤的手术技术及效果。方法自1994年4月至2004年8月，第二军医大学东方肝胆外科医院采用分离结扎切断肝短静脉，使肝后下腔静脉与肝脏完全分离，针对不同部位肿瘤采用不同入路，局部或联合肝叶切除尾状叶肿瘤76例。结果76例尾状叶肿瘤均顺利切除，57例采用解剖第三肝门法切除肿瘤，平均结扎肝短静脉5．2支，第一肝门阻断时间平均24．7min，术中平均出血655mL．未发生大出血及肝功能衰竭等严重并发症。仅5例行全肝血流阻断切肝。结论采用第三肝门解剖法切除肝尾状叶肿瘤能明显减少术中大出血的机会，合理选择切除肿瘤途径能提高肝尾状叶肿瘤的切除率，降低术后并发症发生率。     

半肝血流阻断行肝叶切除术的临床应用

目的对肝切除半肝血流阻断技术进行改进,预防术后肝功能不全的发生。方法对37例行肝切除患者采用肝门解剖半肝血流阻断技术。结果术后肝功能恢复快,全部病例均未出现肝功能不全,无手术死亡。结论肝门解剖半肝血流阻断方法,操作简便、省时、并发症少,是防止肝切除术后肝功能衰竭的一种有效方法。     

半肝血流联合区域肝静脉阻断肝切除术34例分析

目的 探讨入半肝血流联合区域肝静脉阻断技术在肝切除手术中的应用价值.方法 回顾性分析应用入半肝血流联合切除肝组织区域肝静脉阻断技术切肝34 病例资料,包括术中出血、术后并发症等.结果 本组34 病例应用该技术,术后肝功能损伤轻,术中出血少,恢复快,无术后出血、肝肾功能衰竭、死亡等严重并发症.结论 入半肝血流联合区域肝静脉阻断技术是一种安全可行、术中出血少、术后肝功能损害轻及恢复快的手术方式.     

腹腔镜下右半肝血流阻断的肝右后叶切除术(附16例报告)

目的:探讨腹腔镜下采用右半肝血流阻断行肝右后叶切除术的可行性。方法:2016年1月至2016年12月为16例肝右后叶肿瘤患者行完全腹腔镜肝右后叶切除术,术中采用血流阻断。结果:16例手术均获成功,无一例中转开腹,手术时间150~290 min,平均(196.2±12.5)min;右半肝阻断时间20~40 min,平均(26.5±1.2)min;术中出血量150~400 ml,平均(255.0±8.3)ml。术后无出血、肝功能衰竭、胆漏、感染、死亡等严重并发症发生。术后住院5~12 d,平均(6.6±0.5)d。结论:在熟练掌握腹腔镜肝切除操作要点的前提下,采用右半肝血流阻断技术行腹腔镜肝右后叶切除术治疗肝肿瘤是安全、可行的。     

Clinical and experimental studies on ligation of the draining vein in the remnant liver during hepatectomy

In recent 8 years we experienced 6 cases of No. 7 and 8 segmentectomies in 140 hepatectomies. In 4 of them resection of the right hepatic vein (RHV) was unavoidable and two were released from RHV resection by using ultrasonic aspiration method. In the former cases non-cirrhotic patients had transient elevation of transaminases after surgery, while cirrhotic patients demonstrated severe liver dysfunction. The latter cases were uneventful after surgery. In the experimental study, the two groups of rats were made by Group-I (Gr-I) with only 40% hepatectomy and Group-II (Gr-II) in which the hepatic veins draining a remnant lobe were ligated after 40% hepatectomy. The remaining liver lobes with intact veins in Gr-I and Gr-II showed normal hepatic regeneration. However, the parenchyma without draining veins in Gr-II revealed severe congestion and necrosis and transaminases in Gr-II elevated significantly higher than Gr-I soon after operation. Thereafter, DNA synthesis of the hepatocytes with 3H-thymidine had a peak value before collateral vessel formation. Consequently, however, the hepatic volume of the vein-ligated region decreased considerably. Thus, clinical and experimental results suggest that the vein-ligated region can not be expected to share the liver function after hepatic lobectomy and hepatic failure may occur in the cirrhotic patients.     

肝切除时门静脉血部分动脉化的研究

目的 研究犬门静脉血部分动脉化的肝保护作用。方法 建立大保留肝（占全肝６０％）暂时性血流阻断、肝固有动脉切断并切除未阻断肝的急性肝衰模型（对照组）,并行肝总动脉与胃十二指肠静脉吻合（Ａ－Ｐ组）,观察生存率并定时测定丙氨酸转氨酶（ＡＬＴ）、动脉血酮体比（ＡＫＢＲ）及肝动脉脉、门静脉血气分析。结果 对照组７天生存率为３７．５％,Ａ－Ｐ组均较差异有非常显著性（Ｐ〈０．０１）,门静脉和肝静脉血氧分压均较术     

Remnant liver function during surgery for extensive hepatic resection

True functional reserve of remnant liver should be determined at the same condition that contemplated hepatectomy has been performed, and this condition can be achieved before resection by temporary lamping of the inflow vessels of hepatic lobes to be removed. Using indocyanine green (ICG), the remnant liver function (RLF) was evaluated whether or not the method can be a useful indicator for or against hepatomy. In the study of healthy dogs, the RLF proved to be a reliable indicator to prospect hepatic failure which may occur after extensive resection of the liver. Then, the method was employed in nine patients who underwent 40 to 70 per cent hepatectomy. The results indicated that the RLF with ICG during surgery, if performed under stable hemodynamics, is a beneficial tool to decide the resectability in equivocal cases.     

Portal vein resection and reconstruction prior to hepatic dissection during right hepatectomy and caudate lobectomy for hepatobiliary cancer

BACKGROUND: Hepatobiliary cancer invading the hilar bile duct often involves the portal bifurcation. Portal vein resection and reconstruction is usually performed after completion of the hepatectomy. This retrospective study assessed the safety and usefulness of portal vein reconstruction prior to hepatic dissection in right hepatectomy and caudate lobectomy plus biliary reconstruction, one of the common procedures for radical resection. METHODS: Clinical characteristics and perioperative results were compared in patients who underwent right hepatectomy and caudate lobectomy plus biliary reconstruction with (ten patients) and without (11 patients) portal reconstruction from September 1998 to March 2002. RESULTS: All ten portal vein reconstructions were completed successfully before hepatic dissection; the portal cross-clamp time ranged from 15 to 41 (median 22) min. Blood loss, blood transfusion during the operation, postoperative liver function, morbidity and length of hospital stay were similar in the two groups. No patient suffered postoperative hepatic failure or death. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that portal vein reconstruction does not increase the morbidity or mortality associated with right hepatectomy and caudate lobectomy with biliary reconstruction. This approach facilitates portal vein reconstruction for no-touch resection of hepatobiliary cancer invading the hilar bile duct.     

腹腔镜肝切除术中螺旋水刀的应用

目的 评价螺旋水刀在腹腔镜肝切除术中应用的可行性.方法 回顾性分析18例行腹腔镜肝切除患者的临床资料.结果 本组患者18例,其中肝海绵状血管瘤9例,原发件肝癌5例,肝局灶性结节样增生2例,结肠癌肝转移1例,左肝胆管囊腺瘤1例.本组17例患者行腹腔镜下水刀肝切除术,1例左肝癌患者因术中出血而中转开腹.手术方式为肝部分切除术14例,肝左外叶切除3例.手术时间平均170 min.无巾转开腹的17例病例术中平均出血最230 ml.伞组患者无术后出血、肝功能衰竭等严重并发症,有1例患者术后第3天出现少量胆漏,保守治疗后痊愈.2例患者术后出现少量胸腔积液未做特殊处理.术后平均住院5.6 d.5例肝癌病例术后平均随访17个月,中转开腹的患者术后13个月肝内其他部位复发,所有切门均未见种植转移.结论 腹腔镜下应用螺旋水刀行肝切除时创面清晰,可以保证足够的安全切除边界,术后无严重并发症,是一种安全可行的切肝方法.     

小肝癌切除术后并发肝功能衰竭20例

目的 探讨小肝癌术后肝功能衰竭的原因和防治。方法 回顾性分析近3年我院小肝癌切除的临床资料。结果 近3年我院共行直径＜3cm小肝癌409例，术后发生肝功能衰竭者20例(4．89％)，其中行肿瘤切除附加门奇断流术者占85％。与无肝功能衰竭者相比，术后出现肝功能衰竭的病人术中出血量明显多于后者(P＜0．01)。结论 小肝癌术后肝功能衰竭的发生并不少见。小肝癌术后肝功能衰竭的原因除了本身有较重的肝硬化外，术中出血量多、附加其他手术致手术创伤大也是重要因素。因此，对小肝癌，尤其是合并门脉高压症者，不可盲目追求行根治性肿瘤切除术以及随意附加门脉高压症手术。     

Living donor liver transplantation for fulminant hepatic failure

BACKGROUND: Living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) was originally indicated only for elective cases of pediatric patients with end-stage liver disease. In Japan, however, where liver transplantation from brain-dead donor is performed very rarely, this indication has been expanded to emergency cases such as fulminant hepatic failure (FHF). METHODS: Thirty-eight patients with FHF were treated between May 1992 and April 1999. Causes of acute liver failure were non-A, non-B hepatitis in 27 patients, hepatitis B virus in seven, and hepatitis A virus, Epstein-Barr virus, herpes simplex virus, and chrome poisoning in one each. RESULTS: Four patients did not undergo LDLT because of severe brain damage or combined multiple organ failure. The remaining 34 patients underwent a total of 36 LDLTs, including two retransplantations; 16 children received transplants of 17 lateral segments, three children and eight adults transplants of 11 left lobes, and seven adults transplants of eight right lobes. A total of 15 recipients died, four of primary graft dysfunction, three of refractory acute rejection, two of pneumonia, and one each of ductopenic rejection, sepsis, aplastic anemis, recurrence of Epstein-Barr virus hepatitis, multiple organ failure by chrome poisoning, and unknown hepatic failure. Primary graft dysfunction developed in adult recipients with small-for-size graft transplants, whereas refractory acute rejection and ductopenic rejection occurred in six grafts each of children with non-A, non-B FHF. CONCLUSIONS: LDLT can be safely expanded to cases of FHF in adult patients. Primary graft dysfunction in adult recipients with small-for-size left lobe grafts can be overcome by using right lobes. However, refractory acute rejection and ductopenic rejection in children remain a major problem.     

Extended liver resection and hepatic ischemia in pigs: a new, potentially reversible model to induce acute liver failure and study artificial liver support systems

BACKGROUND: Extended hepatectomy is a valid model for the study of acute liver failure. Since the porcine liver is comparable in size, morphology and anatomy to the human liver, we describe a technique employing hepatic ischemia and extended liver resection to induce acute liver failure in a porcine model as a means of studying bioartificial liver support. METHOD: A subtotal (75-80% resection) extended left hepatectomy was performed in 7 pigs after 60 min warm ischemia of the future remnant liver. After resection, the animals were given the best supportive care and observed until death. RESULTS: All animals died within 18-48 h, none as a result of surgical complications. Gross appearance of the liver showed severe steatosis of the right lateral lobe, and histology revealed severe coagulative necrosis of the whole lobule. CONCLUSION: This technique of extended liver resection after hepatic ischemia in the porcine model may be useful for studies of potentially reversible acute liver failure and experimental bioartificial support.     

Results of extensive surgery for liver metastases in colorectal carcinoma.

Hepatic resections were performed during the past 13 years on 31 patients with hepatic metastases from colorectal carcinoma. Of the 31 patients, 22 underwent lymph node dissection of the hepatic hilus. Ten patients underwent removal of recurrent lesions in the liver, lung, adrenal gland and brain after initial hepatic resection. The overall 5-year survival rate was 45 per cent. The outcome for six patients who underwent repeat hepatectomy after an initial hepatectomy was significantly better than for nine patients with unresectable recurrence (P less than 0.01). Six of the 22 patients who underwent lymph node dissection had nodes positive for tumour. Two of the six patients underwent repeat hepatectomy and are alive after 49 and 66 months. Three- and 4-year survival rates of patients with positive lymph nodes were both 40 per cent. Repeat hepatectomy and dissection of hilar lymph nodes improves prognosis in selected patients with hepatic metastases of colorectal cancer.     

Role of node dissection for lymphatic remetastasis in repeat hepatectomy for colorectal liver metastasis

BACKGROUND: Although the prognosis after hepatectomy for colorectal liver metastasis with hilar node remetastasis is poor, the role of node dissection for lymphatic remetastasis at repeat hepatectomy for hepatic recurrence is unknown. METHODS: Fifty patients who underwent node dissection plus hepatectomy were retrospectively reviewed and divided into three groups: group I, 38 patients with a negative node; group II, 6 with a positive node at initial hepatectomy, and group III, 6 with a positive node at repeat hepatectomy. RESULTS: The 5-year survival rate after initial hepatectomy in group I was 46%. All patients in group II died within 2 years after surgery. In group III, the median survival time was 42 months after repeat hepatectomy, and 4 patients survived for more than 5 years after initial hepatectomy. Disease-free time was more than 1 year after initial hepatectomy in all long-term survivors. In addition, node metastasis was limited around the hepatic pedicle and postpancreatic area in 3 of 4 long-term survivors. CONCLUSIONS: Node dissection for lymphatic remetastasis may contribute to longer survival only when node metastasis is limited around the hepatic pedicle and postpancreatic area at repeat hepatectomy performed more than 1 year after the initial hepatectomy.