非穿透性小梁切除联合羊膜植入术治疗青光眼

目的探讨非穿透性小梁切除联合羊膜植入术治疗开角型青光眼的临床疗效。方法对36例(36眼)开角型青光眼患者施行非穿透性小梁切除联合巩膜瓣下羊膜植入术。术后随访6~24月。结果所有患者术后均无严重的并发症。3例术后视力下降。最终随访的平均眼压(14.86±4.15)mmHg,明显低于术前(29.65±5.76)mmHg(1mmHg=0.133kPa)。最终随访时形成功能性滤过泡者30眼。结论非穿透性小梁切除联合羊膜植入术能有效地降低眼压,无穿透性小梁切除术所引起的术后并发症,是治疗开角型青光眼的有效术式之一。     

非穿透性与改良小梁手术治疗开角型青光眼的远期疗效

目的:观察非穿透性与改良小梁手术治疗开角型青光眼的远期疗效。方法:开角型青光眼患者15例(30眼),同一患者1眼行非穿透性小梁手术,另眼行改良小梁切除术,术后观察眼压、滤过泡、视野、房角和视力情况。结果:通过对非穿透性小梁手术与改良小梁切除术治疗开角型青光眼术后眼压、滤过泡、视野、房角和视力情况的长期观察、比较,二者疗效无显著性差异,非穿透性小梁手术组并发症较少。结论:非穿透性小梁手术是治疗开角型青光眼的有效方法。     

穿透性與非穿透性小梁切除衍的臨床對比

目的 观察穿透性与非穿透性小梁切除术治疗开角型青光眼疗效的对比。方法 选择开角型青光眼住院患者12例(24眼)一眼行非穿透性小梁切除术,对侧眼行小梁切除术,术后对比观察视力、眼压、滤过泡、并发症等情况。结果 两种术式术后降眼压效果相似,而非穿透性小梁切除术术后并发症少。结论 非穿透性小梁切除术治疗开角型青光眼效果可靠,术后并发症少。     

非穿透性小梁手术联合激光治疗原发性闭角型青光眼

目的观察非穿透性小梁于术联合激光治疗原发性闭角型青光眼的疗效。方法先进行激光治疗，然后行非穿透性小梁手术并植入T-Flox治疗13例16眼原发性闭角型青光眼，随访眼压，视力，滤过泡，房角镜和UBM检查情况。结果术后不需用降眼压药物者7例8眼，需要加用一至二种局部降眼压药物者3例4眼，加用一至两种局部降眼压药物仍不能稳定控制眼压至正常者3例4眼，本方法大大减少了术中和术后的并发症、结论非穿透性小梁于术联合激光治疗原性闭角型青光眼足一种新的有价值的方法。     

非穿透性小梁切除术23眼临床报告

目的 观察非穿透性小梁切除术后的疗效。方法 采用非穿透性小梁切除术的黏小管切开术式治疗中、晚期原发性开角型静光眼23例（33只眼），随访3－6个月。结果 眼压控制≤21mmHg32只眼（97％），无严重并发症。结论 非穿透性小梁切除术对原发性开角型青光眼的近、中期降眼压效果显著，安全性高。     

非穿透性小梁切除术联合多层羊膜植入治疗开角型青光眼

目的探讨非穿透性小梁切除术联合多层羊膜植入治疗开角型青光眼的临床疗效。方法对11例（18眼）开角型青光眼施行非穿透性小梁切除术联合巩膜瓣下多层羊膜植入。术后随访6～24月。结果所有患者术后均无严重的并发症。2例（2眼）术后视力下降。术后随访眼压为（13．45±4．21）mmHg,与术前眼压（29．34±4．86）mmHg相比,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。术后2年随访发现眼压均在21mmHg以下,形成功能性滤过泡者10例（17眼,占94．44％）。结论非穿透性小梁切除术联合多层羊膜植入能有效地降低眼压,无穿透性小梁切除术所引起的术后并发症,是治疗开角型青光眼的有效术式之一。     

穿透性与非穿透性小梁切除术的临床对比

目的 观察穿透性与非穿透性小梁切除术治疗开角型青光眼疗效的对比。方法 选择开角型青光眼住院患12例（24眼）一眼行非穿透性小梁切除术，对侧眼行小梁切除术，术后对比观察视力、眼压、滤过泡、并发症等情况。结果 两种术式术后降眼压效果相似，而非穿透性小梁切除术术后并发症少。结论 非穿透性小梁切除术治疗开角型青光眼效果可靠，术后并发症少。     

非穿透性小梁切除术联合人羊膜植入临床观察

目的：观察非穿透性小梁切除术联合人羊膜植入的临床效果。方法：对18例（30眼）中、晚期开角型青光眼进行非穿透性小梁切除术联合人羊膜植入，术后观察视力、视野、眼压及滤过泡形成情况。结果：术后随访3－9月，视力、视野稳定，眼压≤20mmHg(1mmHg=0.133kPa)，滤过泡形成良好，并发症少。结论：非穿透性小梁切除术 联合人羊膜植入治疗开角型青光眼，能有效降低眼压，形成功能性滤过泡和并发症少等优点，是治疗开角型青光眼较理想的方法。     

高原地区非穿透性小梁切除术治疗开角型青光眼的临床观察

目的:分析高原地区非穿透性小梁切除术和传统小梁切除术的并发症和临床疗效。方法:78例(130眼)原发性开角型青光眼中,非穿透性小梁切除术组67眼,小梁切除术组63眼,对两组术后6mo的眼压和并发症进行比较分析。结果:非穿透性小梁切除术组和小梁切除术组术后6mo的平均眼压分别为(18.03±3.56)mmHg和(17.67±4.11)mmHg,两组相比无显著性差异(P>0.05)。67眼非穿透性小梁切除术后,Ⅰ和Ⅱ级浅前房为18眼,无Ⅲ级浅前房出现,而63眼传统小梁切除术Ⅰ、Ⅱ级浅前房为33眼,Ⅲ级浅前房8眼。结论:非穿透性小梁切除术具有传统小梁切除术相似的降眼压效果,但手术的安全性高,并发症少。在高原地区具有重要的临床价值。     

非穿透性小梁切除术和小梁切除术疗效比较

目的评估非穿透性小梁切除术与小梁切除术治疗开角型青光眼的临床疗效。方法有目的的选择12例双眼视力、眼压、视野相近的开角型青光眼病例,采用自身对照,一只眼行小梁切除术,另一只眼行非穿透性小梁切除术。术后观察眼压、前房和房水情况,评估疗效。结果小梁切除术术后眼压平均值要较非穿透性小梁切除术为低,但是通过自身对照的检验,两者无明显差异。非穿透性小梁切除术的术后并发症要比小梁切除术少。结论非穿透性小梁切除术是治疗开角型青光眼的有效方法。     

小梁切除改良术式治疗青光眼的远期疗效观察

目的:探讨小梁切除术中改良巩膜瓣的制作方法,观察术后远期疗效。方法:对50例85眼不同类型的青光眼行小梁切除(观察组),术中制作隧道式4mm×6mm巩膜瓣,巩膜瓣的后缘与巩膜床间作三针跨度为4mm的闭合式缝合,对照组50例82眼行常规小梁切除术。结果:术后平均随访8～30mo。视力:观察组有7眼较术前提高,5眼视力下降,其余视力无明显变化,差异无统计学意义。眼压:观察组术后末次随访平均眼压与术前平均眼压比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。视盘参数:观察组视乳头盘沿面积(RA,m2)、盘沿体积(RV,mm3)、平均神经纤维层厚度(mRNFL,mm)与术前比较有改善,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。视野:观察组5眼视野较术前扩大,3眼视野缩小,其余视野无明显变化。与对照组比较:观察组眼压控制率和功能性滤过泡形成率均高于对照组(P<0.05)。并发症发生率低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:改良式小梁切除术,术后远期眼压控制效果明显,并发症少,可改善视功能,是一种安全有效的手术方法。     

On the relevance of the long-time follow-up of the cyclocryotherapy

In spite of the availability of cyclocryodestructive laser therapy there still appears to be an indication for cyclocryotherapy in different kinds of glaucoma. PURPOSE: Cyclocryotherapy very often appears to be the operation of choice in cases of progressive functional visual loss if a patient is not sufficiently helped with the maximum tolerated medical therapy. We investigated long-term IOP effects and possible complications in our group of patients undergoing cyclocryotherapy. PATIENTS: Cyclocryotherapy was performed on 109 eyes of 97 patients from 1988 to 1994. Cyclocryotherapy was performed as follows: 67 of 109 eyes were controlled for IOP for an average of 10 months (3-41 months). We applied cryotherapy six times 3-4 mm behind the limbus for an average duration of 50 to 60 s over half of the circumference. RESULTS: We achieved satisfactory IOP control (IOP K 22 mm Hg) in 40 eyes, however, with 30 additional operations. One eye developed phthisis bulbi, and 3 other eyes became blind because of complications in neovascular glaucomas. Neovascular glaucoma cases responded the least. CONCLUSIONS: Cyclocryotherapy produced a statistically significant IOP reduction in eyes with primary open-angle glaucoma or secondary glaucoma. Close long-term follow-up appears advisable in order to check the eyes for possible increase in IOP or complications of surgery.     

【In Press】 Long-term results of Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation in Egyptian population

AIM: To evaluate the long-term results and complications of Ahmed glaucoma valve (AGV) implantation in a cohort of Egyptian patients. METHODS: A retrospective study of 124 eyes of 99 patients with refractory glaucoma who underwent AGV implantation and had a minimum follow-up of 5y was performed. All patients underwent complete ophthalmic examination and intraocular pressure (IOP) measurement before surgery and at 1d, weekly for the 1, 3, 6mo, and 1y after surgery and yearly afterward for 5y. IOP was measured by Goldmann applanation tonometry and/or Tono-Pen. Complications and the number of anti-glaucoma medications needed were recorded. Success was defined as IOP less than 21 mm Hg with or without anti-glaucoma medication and without additional glaucoma surgery. RESULTS: Mean age was 23.1±19.9y. All eyes had at least one prior glaucoma surgery. IOP was reduced from a mean of 37.2±6.8 mm Hg to 19.2±5.2 mm Hg after 5y follow-up with a reduced number of medications from 2.64±0.59 to 1.81±0.4. Complete and qualified success rates were 31.5% and 46.0% respectively at the end of follow-up. The most common complications were encapsulated cyst formation in 51 eyes (41.1%), complicated cataract in 9 eyes (7.25%), recessed tube in 8 eyes (6.45%), tube exposure in 6 eyes (4.8%) and corneal touch in 6 eyes (4.8%). Other complications included extruded AGV, endophthalmitis and persistent hypotony. Each of them was recorded in only 2 eyes (1.6%). CONCLUSION: Although refractory glaucoma is a difficult problem to manage, AGV is effective and relatively safe procedure in treating refractory glaucoma in Egyptian patients with long-term follow-up. Encapsulated cyst formation was the most common complication, which limits successful IOP control after AGV implantation. However, effective complications management can improve the rate of success.     

Long-term results of Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation in Egyptian population

AIM: To evaluate the long-term results and complications of Ahmed glaucoma valve (AGV) implantation in a cohort of Egyptian patients. METHODS: A retrospective study of 124 eyes of 99 patients with refractory glaucoma who underwent AGV implantation and had a minimum follow-up of 5y was performed. All patients underwent complete ophthalmic examination and intraocular pressure (IOP) measurement before surgery and at 1d, weekly for the 1st month, 3, 6mo, and 1y after surgery and yearly afterward for 5y. IOP was measured by Goldmann applanation tonometry and/or Tono-Pen. Complications and the number of anti-glaucoma medications needed were recorded. Success was defined as IOP less than 21 mm Hg with or without anti-glaucoma medication and without additional glaucoma surgery. RESULTS: Mean age was 23.1±19.9y. All eyes had at least one prior glaucoma surgery. IOP was reduced from a mean of 37.2±6.8 to 19.2±5.2 mm Hg after 5y follow-up with a reduced number of medications from 2.64±0.59 to 1.81±0.4. Complete and qualified success rates were 31.5% and 46.0% respectively at the end of follow-up. The most common complications were encapsulated cyst formation in 51 eyes (41.1%), complicated cataract in 9 eyes (7.25%), recessed tube in 8 eyes (6.45%), tube exposure in 6 eyes (4.8%) and corneal touch in 6 eyes (4.8%). Other complications included extruded AGV, endophthalmitis and persistent hypotony. Each of them was recorded in only 2 eyes (1.6%). CONCLUSION: Although refractory glaucoma is a difficult problem to manage, AGV is effective and relatively safe procedure in treating refractory glaucoma in Egyptian patients with long-term follow-up. Encapsulated cyst formation was the most common complication, which limits successful IOP control after AGV implantation. However, effective complications management can improve the rate of success.     

Early Results of Punch Trabeculectomy

Purpose: To evaluate the effectiveness of punch trabeculectomy in controlling intraocular pressure (IOP) in patients with uncontrolled chronic open-angle glaucoma (COAG) undergoing medical treatment. Methods: This prospective study included 22 patients (27 eyes) with uncontrolled COAC on medical treatment undergoing punch trabeculectomy through a scleral tunnel. The tunnel was created with a 3.5 mm keratome, the tunnel mouth was not sutured but the conjunctival flap was sutured by 8/0 vicryl. The mean surgical time from opening the conjunctiva to closing the conjunctiva was 8 m 59 s. IOP and other parameters were checked on day 1 and subsequently at intervals appropriate to the individual. Results: After a mean period of 22.2 months follow-up the mean IOP was 13.3 mmHg (SD 5.2). There were few transient early post-operative complications; two eyes had a shallow anterior chamber (AC) due to excess drainage, five had IOP above 21 mmHg, which responded to ocular massage, ten eyes had hyphaema less than 1.5 mm and two eyes had no filtration bleb. Conclusions: Punch trabeculectomy is a rapid and effective method of controlling IOP. The complication rate is moderate and mainly transient. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Long-term follow-up of primary glaucoma surgery with Ahmed glaucoma valve implant versus trabeculectomy

PURPOSE: To compare the long-term results of trabeculectomy and Ahmed glaucoma valve implant in the initial surgical management of primary open- and closed-angle glaucoma. DESIGN: Randomized controlled clinical trial. METHODS: One eye each of consecutive patients with primary glaucoma and without prior intraocular surgery was randomized to receive either trabeculectomy or the Ahmed implant.Large university-affiliated eye hospital in Columbo, Sri Lanka. RESULTS: Of 123 patients, 64 were randomized to trabeculectomy and 59 to the Ahmed implant. With a mean follow-up of 31 months, the trabeculectomy group had statistically lower intraocular pressures (IOP) during the first postoperative year. After the first year, the IOPs were comparable. No statistically significant differences between groups were noted for postoperative visual acuity, visual field, anterior chamber depth, and short-term or long-term complications. Adjunctive medication requirement was comparable for both groups. The cumulative probabilities of success (IOP <21 mm Hg and at least 15% reduction in IOP from preoperative levels) at the final follow-up period (months, 41-52) were 68.1% for trabeculectomy and 69.8% for Ahmed implant (P =.86). CONCLUSIONS: Lower IOPs were noted for the trabeculectomy group during the first year. With longer follow-up, the IOPs and the cumulative probabilities of success were comparable between the two groups.     

Seven-year follow-up of combined cataract extraction and viscocanalostomy

PURPOSE: To investigate the long-term success and complications of phacoemulsification combined with viscocanalostomy (phacoviscocanalostomy) in eyes with coexisting cataract and medically uncontrolled glaucoma. SETTING: Department of Ophthalmology, Warrington Hospital, Warrington, United Kingdom. METHODS: A prospective nonrandomized study evaluated 165 consecutive eyes (114 patients) that had phacoviscocanalostomy. The main outcome measures were intraocular pressure (IOP), visual acuity, requirement for topical antiglaucoma medication, and the presence or absence of drainage blebs or bleb complications. RESULTS: The mean follow-up was 38.7 months +/- 19.3 (SD) (range 12 to 90 months). There was a statistically significant decrease in IOP, from 24.1 +/- 5.1 mm Hg preoperatively to 13.8 +/- 8.1 mm Hg 1 day after surgery (P<.001), 16.0 +/- 4.1 mm Hg at 5 years (P<.001), and at all evaluations to the last follow-up. The mean number of medications per eye decreased significantly from 2.5 +/- 0.9 before surgery to 0.1 +/- 0.5 at last follow-up (P<.001). At the final follow-up, IOP was reduced by 33.2% (16.2 mm Hg versus 24.1 mm Hg). Complete success, defined as an IOP reduction of more than 30% from preoperative level without medications, was achieved in 48.5% of eyes, with 42% of eyes having an IOP of less than 16 mm Hg. The percentage fall in IOP was linearly related to the preoperative IOP level (P<.001). No eye developed a trabeculectomy-type bleb, and there were no bleb-related complications. CONCLUSIONS: Phacoviscocanalostomy was safe and effective for the management of eyes with coexisting cataract and medically uncontrolled glaucoma. It provided a stable and sustained reduction in IOP with a minimum requirement for topical medication.     

小切口小梁切除术的临床观察

目的：探讨不打开结膜囊的小切口小梁切除术治疗原发性青光眼的效果。方法：对46例（64眼）行上述手术的原发性青光眼患者的眼压,视力,滤过泡及手术并发症进行回顾性总结。结果：追踪观察末期（平均16个月）,43例（93．47％）患者的眼压控制在正常范围,平均眼压为17．30mmHg(2.31kPa),没有发生明显的手术并发症。     

Viscocanalostomy and phacoviscocanalostomy: long-term results

PURPOSE: To determine the safety and efficacy of viscocanalostomy and cataract extraction by phacoemulsification combined with viscocanalostomy (phacoviscocanalostomy) in the management of medically uncontrolled glaucoma. SETTING: Department of Ophthalmic Surgery, Warrington Hospital, Warrington, England. METHODS: This prospective nonrandomized study comprised 101 consecutive eyes of 73 patients with medically uncontrolled glaucoma having viscocanalostomy or phacoviscocanalostomy. Outcomes measured were intraocular pressure (IOP) control, visual acuity, gonioscopy, bleb morphology, and complications associated with surgery. Examinations were performed preoperatively and 1 and 7 days and 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months postoperatively and then at 6-month intervals. The mean follow-up was 23.9 months +/- 11 (SD) (range 6 months to 3.5 years). RESULTS: The mean preoperative IOP was 24.9 +/- 5.7 mm Hg on 2.27 +/- 0.8 medications and the mean postoperative IOP at last follow-up, 16.14 +/- 2.9 mm Hg on 0.1 medications. A postoperative IOP of 21 mm Hg or less was achieved in 93% of eyes. In the remaining 7%, an addition of a mean of 1.4 medications achieved an IOP less than 21 mm Hg. No case required further glaucoma surgery. The mean percentage of IOP reduction in eyes having viscocanalostomy alone was 37% and in eyes having phacoviscocanalostomy, 33%. Complications were minor and included 4 small hyphemas, 5 small choroidal detachments, 1 iris prolapse through the phaco incision, and 10 intraoperative microperforations of the trabeculo-Descemet's window. Transient postoperative pressure elevations secondary to topical steroids occurred in 18% of eyes. CONCLUSIONS: Viscocanalostomy and phacoviscocanalostomy were safe and effective in the surgical management of glaucoma and combined glaucoma and cataract. There was a low incidence of complications postoperatively and throughout the long-term follow-up.     

Midterm Results and the Problems of Nonpenetrating Lamellar Trabeculectomy with Mitomycin C for Japanese Glaucoma Patients

PURPOSE: To present midterm results and problems pertaining to nonpenetrating lamellar trabeculectomy (NPT) with mitomycin C (MMC) for Japanese glaucoma patients. METHODS: Thirty-nine patients (39 eyes) with primary open-angle glaucoma or normal-tension glaucoma underwent NPT. The results were compared with those in patients treated by penetrating trabeculectomy (PT) with MMC. In addition, the NPT patients were classified into two groups (group A, 24 patients treated between April 1998 and April 1999; group B, 21 patients treated from May 1999 onward), and the results were compared. RESULTS: The average intraocular pressure (IOP) was 12.6 +/- 2.8 mmHg with NPT and 12.4 +/- 3.0 mmHg with PT. No statistical differences between NPT and PT were identified with respect to IOP at any time after surgery. A life-table analysis showed that the probability of success (good IOP control) was 37.2% with NPT and 62.5% with PT. No significant difference was detected in postoperative IOP change or in the probability of success between NPT groups A and B. CONCLUSIONS: While postoperative IOP is similar between PT and NPT, the probability of success is better with PT than with NPT. Postoperative laser treatment after NPT is effective but sometimes has a negative influence on IOP control.