顺序节段分析法在先天性右位心合并心内畸形中的诊断价值

目的提高超声心动图对心脏位置异常合并复杂心内畸形的诊断准确率。方法选择近年来在我院经手术或心血管造影证实的先天性右位心合并心内畸形患者42例,对其超声心动图检查结果进行回顾分析。结果手术证实本组先天性右位心分型：镜像右位心13例,右旋心29例;心内畸形：单心室10例,右室双出口8例,法洛四联症6例,完全性大动脉转位5例,矫正性大动脉转位4例,完全性房室间隔缺损4例,永存动脉干3例,肺动脉闭锁2例。超声误诊、漏诊的病例：3例完全性大动脉转位伴巨大室间隔缺损误诊为单心室;2例右室双出口误诊为法洛四联症;1例矫正性大动脉转位误诊为完全性大动脉转位;1例肺动脉闭锁误诊为永存动脉干;1例肺动脉闭锁超声漏诊左肺动脉缺如及多支体肺侧枝。结论超声心动图顺序节段法对绝大多数先天性右位心并心内畸形能作出准确诊断,但对某些极为复杂的病例心导管检查仍是明确诊断和手术条件的重要手段。     

肺动脉闭锁伴室间隔缺损的产前超声诊断价值分析

目的评价超声心动图对肺动脉闭锁伴室间隔缺损(PA/VSD)的产前诊断价值,分析超声心动图误诊的原因,旨在提高超声心动图对PA/VSD的产前检出率。方法回顾性分析48例胎儿经MRI或产后超声诊断为PA/VSD的产前超声诊断资料。结果48例PA/VSD胎儿超声心动图诊断正确40例,占83.3%;产前超声漏误诊8例,占16.7%;其中2例误诊为永存动脉干,2例误诊为法洛四联症,2例误诊为单心房、单心室、肺动脉狭窄,1例误诊为右室双出口,1例漏诊粗大侧枝血管及右冠状动脉右室瘘。PA/VSD最常见的超声征象为肺动脉内径细小(43例)或不能显示(5例)、动脉导管内逆向血流(42例)、主动脉骑跨(22例),最常见的合并畸形有完全性房室间隔缺损17例(35.4%)、单心房14例(29.2%)、右位主动脉弓13例(27.1%)、单心室9例(18.8%)、右室双出口9例(18.8%)、左侧上腔静脉残存8例(16.7%)、双侧右房结构7例(14.6%)等。结论联合应用四腔心切面、心室流出道切面及三血管切面,可较为准确地诊断胎儿PA/VSD,但需要与法洛四联症及永存动脉干等畸形鉴别。     

IDD型矫正性大动脉转位的彩色多普勒超声心动图诊断

目的：探索ＩＤＤ型矫正性大动脉转位（ＣＴＧＡ）的彩色多普勒超声心动图（ＣＤＥ）图像特征。材料和方法：应用ＣＤＥ检查１１例ＩＤＤ型ＣＴＧＡ,均经心血管造影和手术证实。结果：１０例诊断正确,１例误诊为ＴａｕｓｉｎｇＢｉｎｇ综合征。结论：用ＣＤＥ诊断ＩＤＤ型ＣＴＧＡ检查者必须熟练掌握本病解剖;在ＣＤＥ检查中,应用二维超声心动图（２ＤＥ）判断心房反位、心室右袢和大动脉右转位是正确诊断本病的关键;ＣＤＥ诊断本病心内合并畸形有一定难度,但对外科拟定手术方案具有重要临床价值     

彩色多普勒超声诊断胎儿心脏畸形的临床价值分析

目的探讨彩色多普勒超声在胎儿心脏畸形临床诊断中的应用价值。方法对34例彩色多普勒超声检查发现孕中晚期胎儿心脏畸形患者超声表现进行分析。结果经产前彩色多普勒超声检查的胎儿心脏畸形34例,其中28例经产后超声心动图证实,6例经引产后尸解证实。其中完全性心内膜垫缺损7例,所占比例最高,达20.59%;其次是法洛四联症6例,单心房4例,单心室3例,大动脉转位2例,肺动脉狭窄或闭锁4例,单纯室间隔缺损3例,三尖瓣下移2例,其他畸形3例。结论彩色多普勒超声对胎儿心脏畸形的临床诊断具有无创安全、准确的优点。     

先天性心脏病房室大血管连接畸形的电子束CT诊断

目的　探讨电子束CT(EBT)对先天性心脏病 (先心病 )房室大血管连接畸形的诊断价值。方法　经手术及造影证实的 16例房室大血管连接畸形先心病 ,均经EBT和超声心动图及彩色多普勒血流检查。 9例经心血管造影检查 ,8例有手术结果。以手术、造影结果的诊断为标准 ,分析EBT对房、室与大血管连接畸形的诊断价值。结果　 16例房室大血管连接畸形先心病中肺动脉闭锁 7例 ,完全性大动脉转位 1例 ,部分型大动脉转位 3例 ,右室双出口 1例 ,部分型肺静脉异位引流 3例 ,完全性肺静脉异位引流 1例。EBT正确诊断 15例 ,误诊 1例 ,诊断准确率为 93 .8%,另将别的畸形过多诊断成此类疾病 3例。超声心动图正确诊断 11例 ,准确率 68.8%。EBT优于超声心动图 ,但二者无统计学差异 ( χ2 =3 .2 82 ,Ρ >0 .0 5 )。结论　EBT对先心病房室大血管连接畸形的诊断较超声心动图有一定优势 ,对于部分型肺静脉异位引流等病例甚至优于心血管造影检查     

先天性血管环的超声心动图诊断价值分析

目的 探讨先天性血管环(vascular ring,VR)的彩色多普勒超声心动图对VR的诊断价值。方法 回顾性分析247例经心外科手术诊断为VR患者的超声心动图检查资料。结果 本组双主动脉弓127例、右位主动脉弓伴迷走左锁骨下动脉及左侧动脉导管未闭/韧带88例、肺动脉吊带29例、左位主动脉弓伴迷走右锁骨下动脉及右侧动脉导管未闭/韧带2例、无名动脉压迫1例。本组单纯性血管环68例,合并其他心血管系统畸形179例,常见的合并畸形有室间隔缺损88例、房间隔缺损/卵圆孔未闭64例、左侧上腔静脉残存29例、动脉导管未闭21例、肺动脉瓣狭窄15例、法洛四联症14例、Kommerell憩室12例。247例患者中,超声诊断符合201例(81. 38%);漏误诊46例(18. 62%),其中41例漏诊,5例误诊。结论 多普勒超声心动图技术可以比较准确地诊断VR,但容易漏、误诊,必要时需行心脏CTA检查明确诊断。     

超声筛查胎儿及新生儿先天性心脏病

目的:探讨超声筛查和诊断胎儿及新生儿先天性心脏病的临床价值.方法:回顾性分析22088例孕13～40周胎儿的超声学资料,包括四腔心、左、右室流出道声像图,以及其新生儿期的超声学资料,分析胎儿期和新生儿期超声检出和诊断先天性心脏病的能力.结果:①共诊断先天性心脏病105例.产前超声诊断胎儿心脏畸形34例,包括:肺动脉闭锁3例、重度肺动脉狭窄1例、心内膜垫缺损7例、大动脉转位2例、法洛四联症2例、永存动脉干1例、单心室1例、右位心1例、无心畸形1例、心脏肿瘤1例、室间隔缺损12例(小于5mm室间隔缺损5例,大于5mm室间隔缺损7例)、房间隔缺损2例.中止妊娠24例,9例分娩后新生儿超声心动图证实,1例失访.②产后7天内心脏听诊、超声心动图共发现71例先天性心脏病,包括:24例室间隔缺损、3例房间隔缺损、17例动脉导管未闭、15例卵圆孔未闭、11例动脉导管未闭和卵圆孔未闭、1例肺动脉闭锁.除去动脉导管未闭和卵圆孔未闭43例,先天性心脏病产前超声检出率为54.8%.③单纯性室间隔缺损是最常见的先天性心脏病,超声诊断室间隔缺损36例,占先天性心脏病58%.产前检出12例,产后检出24例.单纯性室间隔缺损产前超声检出率33.3%.结论:大部分严重先天性心脏病可在产前诊断.常见的先天性心脏病产前常漏诊,单纯性室间隔缺损是发病率最高、产前漏诊最多的先天性心脏病.     

Shone's综合征的超声心动图诊断价值分析

目的分析Shone's综合征彩色多普勒超声心动图图像特征,评价多普勒超声心动图对Shone's综合征的诊断价值,分析超声心动图漏误诊的原因,旨在提高超声心动图技术对Shone's综合征诊断的准确性。方法 35例经心外科手术明确为Shone's综合征的患儿为研究对象,对其超声心动图检查结果进行回顾性分析。结果 Shone's综合征畸形主要包括二尖瓣瓣上环(31例)、二尖瓣狭窄(30例)、主动脉缩窄(26例)、主动脉瓣狭窄(27例)、主动脉瓣下狭窄(16例)、主动脉瓣上狭窄(6例)。35例患者中22例(62.86%)合并其他心血管系统畸形,最常见的合并畸形有肺动脉高压(21例)、动脉导管未闭(12例)、房间隔缺损或卵圆孔未闭(9例)、室间隔缺损(8例)、左侧上腔静脉残存(4例)、单支左冠状动脉(1例)、三房心(1例)。35例患儿中,超声诊断符合26例(占74.29%);超声漏、误诊9例(占25.71%),其中4例漏诊二尖瓣上环、2例漏诊降落伞样二尖瓣、1例漏诊主动脉瓣下狭窄、1例漏诊主动脉二叶瓣畸形、1例漏诊主动脉缩窄。结论多普勒超声心动图技术可以较准确地诊断Shone's综合征的各种组合畸形,但容易漏诊,必要时可行MRI检查。     

主肺动脉间隔缺损的超声心动图诊断价值及漏误诊分析

目的探讨多普勒超声心动图对主肺动脉间隔缺损(aortopulmonary septal defect,APSD)的诊断价值,分析漏诊、误诊原因,提高超声心动图对APSD诊断的准确性。方法回顾性分析60例经心外科手术或CT检查诊断为APSD患儿的超声心动图资料。结果 APSD的声像图特征主要表现为:主肺动脉间隔存在缺损、双向分流及肺动脉高压。本组单纯性APSD 17例,合并其它心脏畸形者43例(71. 7%);常见的合并畸形有右肺动脉异常起源于升主动脉16例、主动脉弓中断或主动脉缩窄13例、室间隔缺损9例、房间隔缺损/卵圆孔未闭9例、动脉导管未闭7例、肺动脉闭锁伴室间隔缺损1例。Mori分型Ⅰ型15例,Ⅱ型42例,Ⅲ型3例。超声心动图诊断正确55例(91. 7%);漏、误诊5例(8. 3%),其中漏诊3例(5. 0%),误诊2例(3. 3%)。结论彩色多普勒超声心动图可以比较准确地诊断主肺动脉间隔缺损。     

肺动脉吊带的超声心动图诊断及误诊分析

目的探讨肺动脉吊带的超声心动图特点,分析误诊及漏诊原因。方法选取我院2015年1月～2017年8月经CTA及手术证实的18例肺动脉吊带患儿为研究对象,对其超声心动图特点进行回顾性分析,总结超声误诊、漏诊原因。结果 18例肺动脉吊带患儿,CTA及手术证实单纯肺动脉吊带5例,合并室间隔缺损3例,房间隔缺损2例,法乐四联症2例,大动脉转位1例,动脉导管未闭3例,左心发育不良综合征2例。术前经超声心动图检查明确诊断12例,漏诊4例,误诊2例,超声检查诊断的准确率为66.7%。结论常规超声心动图多切面扫查,可清晰显示肺动脉及其分支的走行,对肺动脉吊带的诊断有重要价值。     

Berry综合征的超声心动图诊断价值分析

目的：分析Berry综合征彩色多普勒超声心动图图像特征,评价多普勒超声心动图对Berry综合征的诊断价值,分析超声心动图漏误诊的原因,旨在提高超声心动图技术对Berry综合征诊断的准确性。方法21例经心外科手术或经核磁共振（M RI）检查明确为Berry综合征的患儿为研究对象,对其超声心动图检查结果进行回顾性分析。结果Berry综合征畸形主要包括远端主肺动脉间隔缺损（21例）、右肺动脉异常起源于升主动脉（21例）、主动脉弓离断（A型19例）及主动脉缩窄（2例）、室间隔完整（21例）;最常见的合并畸形有肺动脉高压（21例）、动脉导管未闭（19例）、房间隔缺损（9例）、卵圆孔未闭（4例）、主动脉瓣狭窄（1例）、二尖瓣狭窄（1例）。21例患儿中,超声诊断符合17例（占81．0％）;超声漏、误诊4例（占19．0％）,其中2例漏诊右肺动脉异常起源于升主动脉、1例漏诊主肺动脉间隔缺损及右肺动脉异常起源于升主动脉;1例主动脉弓中断A型误诊为B型。结论多普勒超声心动图技术可以较准确地诊断Berry综合征的各种组合畸形,但容易漏诊,必要时可行M RI检查。     

平板数字旋转右室造影在法洛四联症中的临床应用

目的：与常规右室造影比较,探讨平板数字旋转右室造影在法洛四联症（TOF）中的临床应用价值。方法：对39例法洛四联症患者行平板数字旋转右室造影,详细记录从右前斜（RAO）35。到左前斜（LAO）70。各种主要畸形及解剖所见,包括右室流出道、肺动脉主干、左肺动脉起始部、右肺动脉起始部、室间隔缺损、主动脉骑跨度、冠状动脉开口及走行、动脉导管未闭（PDA）、侧支血管及其他畸形等;选取同一患者,在TOF常规造影体位RAO30。头位及I。AO60。头位观察造影所见,并进行对照分析。结果：右室流出道、肺动脉主干、左肺动脉起始部、右肺动脉起始部、室间隔缺损、主动脉骑跨度、冠状动脉开口及走行、PDA、侧支血管及其他畸形等在旋转造影中除左肺动脉起始部良好显示率为97％,其余均为100％;而在RAO30。头位、LAO60。头位,良好显示率分别为87％、82％、77％、87％、82％、82％、72％、O％;旋转造影与常规造影在肺动脉主干、左肺动脉起始部、室间隔缺损、主动脉骑跨、冠状动脉开口及走向显示上的差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论：旋转造影较常规造影能提供更丰富的影像学信息,可从任意角度观察心腔、血管的情况,为临床治疗提供更多有益的资料。     

Magnetic resonance imaging in congenital heart disease of newborns: preliminary results in 23 patients

Until now little attention has been paid to the potential of MR imaging in congenital heart disease of the newborn. ECG-gated MRI was therefore performed at 0.5 tesla in 23 newborns (mean age 7.5 days) with suspected congenital heart disease. Two newborns were controlled after surgery (switch, Blalock-Taussig procedure). All had undergone prior evaluation by two-dimensional Doppler echocardiography (2-D DE). MR imaging was of a satisfying quality in all but one newborn. The aim of this study was to assess complementary information provided by MRI in comparison to 2-D DE. Pre-operatively MRI missed some abnormalities shown by 2-D DE: one coartaction, one ductus arteriosus and one pulmonary atresia. MRI demonstrated lesions that echocardiography had either failed to visualize or found inconclusive, including double aortic arch (one patient), muscular ventricular septum defect (two patients) and severe ductus arteriosus (one patient). In one of the two patients with a ventricular septum defect, angiography was avoided and in the other patient it merely confirmed the MRI results. Post-operatively, MRI demonstrated information complementary to that obtained from to 2-D DE: (1) clearly visualizing the reinsertion of the coronary arteries in the 'switched' transposition of the great vessels, (2) appreciating the diameter and patency of the palliative shunt in the Blalock-Taussig procedure.     

双源CT在主动脉弓断离诊断中的价值

目的 探讨双源CT(DSCT)门控下低剂量扫描在主动脉弓断离诊断中的价值.方法 对9例主动脉弓断离患儿行DSCT门控下低剂量心胸联合血管成像扫描并进行胸部动脉血管重建,进行诊断.所有患儿同时行心脏彩色多普勒(CDFI)检查,2种检查方法 在3 d内完成.所有患儿均行手术治疗.结果 9例行DSCT门控下低剂量心胸联合血管成像均成功完成,DSCT均诊断为主动脉弓断离,其中伴有室间隔缺损(VSD)9例、动脉导管未闭(PDA)8例、冠状动脉起源异常3例、支气管动脉扩张2例.断离后降主动脉的血液来源于肺动脉8例、肋间动脉和头臂动脉1例.CDFI诊断主动脉弓断离7例、动脉单干1例、主动脉缩窄1例,其中伴有VSD 9例、PDA 8例.5例断离后主动脉弓血液来源于肺动脉,1例断离后降主动脉的血液来源于肋间动脉及头臂动脉未能显示,1例显示支气管动脉扩张.与手术结果 对照:DSCT诊断准确率为94.12%(32/34处),CDFI诊断准确率为82.35%(28/34 处).结论 DSCT是诊断主动脉弓断离的有效方法 .     

永存动脉干的多普勒超声心动图诊断

目的:探讨多普勒超声心动图对永存动脉干及其分型的诊断价值,分析误诊原因,提高其诊断的准确率。方法:本文总结了41例先天性心脏病患儿有关永存动脉干的超声检测结果,并与其手术、心导管或磁共振结果相对照。结果:超声心动图诊断为永存动脉干与手术、心导管或磁共振结论一致者36例(占87.8%),误诊5例(占12.2%)。超声心动图分型正确16例(占43.2%)。结论:多普勒超声心动图可以较准确地诊断永存动脉干,但对明确其分型尚待进一步提高。     

心血管造影在复杂和(或)复合先天性心脏病诊断中的应用

目的 探讨心血管造影在先天性心脏病（简称先心病）复杂和（或）复合畸形中的应用价值。方法 分析360例复杂和（或）复合畸形造影所见及其与超声心动图等临床检查的联系。结果 本组360例（包括75例肺动脉闭锁合并室间隔缺损、62例右室双出口、60例法乐四联症、52例单心室、42例大动脉错位、15例三尖闭锁、6例冠状动脉异常、5例完整型肺静脉畸形连接、5例完全型心内膜垫缺损、4例共同动脉干、3例室间完整的肺动脉闭锁、7例其他病例和24例外科术后检查）心血管造影和超声对比，纠正后者误、漏诊分别为34、30例及对合并畸形误诊16例。对复杂和（或）复合畸形中体肺侧支血管、冠状动脉畸形和肺动脉段分支及其异常的检测和诊断优于超声心动图，并可测量肺动、静脉压力及体肺侧支血管压力而优于其他影像学检查方法。结论 对于先心病复杂和（或）复合畸形的疑难病例诊断和鉴别诊断，尤其显示体、肺及冠状动脉分支的全貌及相关病变，以及测量肺动脉和心室压力等，心血管造影（含DSA）仍有重要或不可替代的作用。     

Inadvertent ligation of the left pulmonary artery

In five patients, aged 4 days to 20 months, the left pulmonary artery was inadvertently ligated at the time of attempted closure of the patent ductus arteriosus. The complication was recognized in these patients between 1 day and 5 years later from findings of chest radiography, two-dimensional echocardiography with spectral analysis of Doppler shifted echoes, and angiography. In three patients, the presence of asymmetric pulmonary blood flow on chest radiographs obtained after surgery initially suggested the diagnosis. In the other two patients with bronchopulmonary dysplasia, the diagnosis was made by means of two-dimensional echocardiography and Doppler spectra in one and angiography in the other. On angiograms, the left pulmonary artery distal to the ligation was visualized by delayed opacification from aortic collaterals in three patients and by means of pulmonary venous wedge injection in one. Radiographic and echocardiographic examination with Doppler spectra may permit prompt diagnosis and early correction of this complication.     

Clinical application of 64-slice spiral CT in the diagnosis of the Tetralogy of Fallot

OBJECTIVE: To explore the clinical application of 64-slice spiral CT in the diagnosis of the Tetralogy of Fallot. METHODS: Eighteen patients with diagnosed Tetralogy of Fallot underwent cardiac CT angiography with 64-slice CT (CTA). Two- and three-dimensional images were used for diagnosing in all cases by means of MPR (coronal, sagital and oblique), cMPR, MIP and VRT. RESULTS: All patients had ventricular septal defect, pulmonary stenosis and hypertrophy of right ventricle. The morphologic features of Tetralogy of Fallot were equal to echocardiography. Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) were detected on eight patients. Main coronary artery branches and partial sub-branches were visualized in all patients. Abnormal coronary arteries were found in seven cases: both left and right main coronary artery arising from the right aortic sinus one case, right main coronary artery and circumflex (CX) arising from the right aortic sinus one case, left anterior descending (LAD) and CX arising from left aortic sinus directly one case, left and right coronary artery arising from back and front of the aortic sinus, respectively, three cases. Pulmonary artery branch stenosis was found in 12 cases and branch pulmonary artery dilation noticed in 1 case. Double superior vena cava was also found in one case. According to the surgery the diagnostic accuracy of CT and Echocardiography was 95.45 and 83.33%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Two- and three-dimensional 64-slice CTA not only show the overall anatomical structure of the heart, but also show coronary and pulmonary arteries. With these results, evaluation of coronary anomalies and pulmonary artery stenosis with 64-MSCT is extremely valuable for planning the operative procedure on the patients with Tetralogy of Fallot.     

中老年动脉导管未闭彩色多普勒超声心动图特征和规律性研究

目的:探讨中老年动脉导管未闭(PDA)彩色多普勒超声心动图(CDE)特征和规律性。方法:应用CDE检查155例中老年PDA,寻找CDE特征和规律性,所有病例均经心血管造影对照,并行经皮穿刺PDA封堵术介入治疗。用彩色多普勒血流显像(CDFI)估测PDA肺动脉端直径与心血管造影测量PDA肺动脉端直径进行统计学相关检验,观察CDFI估测中老年PDA直径的准确性。结果:根据CDE特征对所有中老年PDA患者全部做出正确诊断,中老年PDA的CDE特征和规律性明显:①M型超声和二维超声心动图显示左心房(93.5%)、左心室(51.6%)内径不同程度增大,室间隔与左室后壁运动幅度增大;②所有患者CDFI均显示过动脉导管左向右五彩镶嵌分流束血流信号;③根据CDFI测量PDA肺动脉端分流束血流信号宽度判断PDA肺动脉端直径与心血管造影对照,二者呈显著正相关(r=0.73,P<0.001);④中老年PDA合并心脏瓣膜关闭不全明显增多,其中二尖瓣关闭不全(78.7%)、主动脉瓣关闭不全(61.3%)、三尖瓣关闭不全(34.8%)、肺动脉瓣关闭不全(30.3%);⑤中老年PDA合并肺动脉高压明显增多(46.5%);⑥中老年PDA患者女性(83.9%)明显多于男性(16.1%)。结论:中老年PDA的CDE特征和规律性明显,CDE对中老年PDA有特异性诊断价值。     

Radiographic and echocardiographic evaluation of newborns treated with indomethacin for patent ductus arteriosus.

A series of 33 consecutive preterm newborns who were treated with indomethacin, a drug which acts to close the patent ductus arteriosus, were studied retrospectively to examine the efficacy of chest radiography and echocardiography in diagnosing the presence of a significant patent ductus arteriosus. Radiographic changes in pulmonary vascular engorgement, pulmonary edema, and cardiac size on the anteroposterior film tended to precede the clinical changes of shunt appearance and resolution. The echocardiographic left atrial to aortic ratio (LA/Ao) supplemented the radiographic findings. The time of disappearance of the ductus arteriosus shunt, as judged by clinical findings, was identified accurately by radiographic and echocardiographic findings in the majority of cases; errors of under- and overestimation occurred in a minority of patients. In assessing both the presence and the resolution of the shunt, greater reliability was possible by using both radiographic and echocardiographic findings than by using either method alone.