前列腺相关疾病谱系中Glypican-1的表达及临床意义

目的 检测前列腺增生(prostatic hyperplasia, BPH)、前列腺上皮内瘤(prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, PIN)和前列腺癌(prostate cancer, PCa)中磷脂酰肌醇聚糖-1(Glypican-1)的表达水平。方法 采用免疫组化、ELISA法检测Glypican-1在40例BPH、60例PIN及60例PCa中的表达,并复习相关文献。结果 Glypican-1在BPH和低级别前列腺上皮内瘤(low-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, LGPIN)中呈低表达,在高级别前列腺上皮内瘤(high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, HGPIN)及PCa中呈高表达,平均秩次为46.10(BPH)、55.23(LGPIN)、89.75(HGPIN)、117.20(PCa),差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。PCa组中血清学Glypican-1水平明显高于PIN组和BPH组(P<0.001),血清学Glypica...     

凋亡相关基因p53、bcl-2、bax在前列腺组织中的相关性

目的　探讨细胞凋亡相关基因p53、bcl-2、bax在前列腺组织中的相关性。 方法　收集36例前列腺癌(prostate caner, PCa)、20例前列腺增生(benign prostatic hyperplasia,BPH)和11例正常前列腺(normal prostatic, NP),应用免疫组织化学S-P法检测凋亡相关基因p53、bcl-2、bax蛋白的表达。 结果　①PCa和BPH组bcl-2蛋白阳性表达率明显高于NP组（P<0.05）,而PCa组与BPH组阳性率差异无显著性。PCa组p53蛋白阳性表达率明显高于BPH组和NP组（P<0.01）,而BPH组与NP组阳性率无显著性差异（P>0.05）。②p53与PCa分级有关,随着肿瘤分级增高而呈正相关（P<0.05）;bcl-2与PCa分级有关,随着肿瘤分级增高而呈正相关（P<0.01）,显示bcl-2、p53蛋白表达随着病理分级的增高而增高。PCa、BPH和NP中bax阳性表达率差异无显著性。③p53蛋白表达阳性率≤5年生存组明显高于>5年生存组,呈负相关（P<0.05）;bcl-2、bax蛋白表达与生存期无关（P>0.05）。 结论 细胞凋亡相关基因 p53、bcl-2、bax蛋白的异常表达与PCa的发生和发展、病理分级和预后有相关性。     

前列腺癌组织中miRNAs的表达及意义

目的研究前列腺癌组织中6种miRNAs的表达及其意义,并探讨它们在前列腺癌诊断中的应用价值。方法采用核酸分子原位杂交(in situ hybridizationI,SH)技术,结合组织微阵列平台分别检测38例良性前列腺增生(benign prostate hyperpla-sia,BPH)和52例前列腺癌(prostatic cancer,PCa)中6种miRNAs的表达情况。结果 6种miRNAs在PCa中的表达率与BPH比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。6种miRNAs的表达均与PCa的Gleason评分相关(P<0.05);与患者的年龄及血清PSA水平均无明显相关性(P>0.05)。miR-15b、miR-182和miR-96的表达与PCa的临床分期相关(P<0.05);miR-96的表达与肿瘤累及前列腺叶数相关(P<0.05)。结论 miRNAs与PCa的发生、发展以及生物学行为有关,并可能作为PCa诊断及判断预后的生物标记物。     

良、恶性前列腺组织中S100P与Ki-67的表达

目的观察人良、恶性前列腺组织中S100P与Ki-67的表达及二者的相关性。方法应用免疫组化SP法检测15例正常前列腺组织、30例前列腺增生(prostatic hyperplasia,BPH)及30例前列腺癌(prostate cancer,PCa)组织中S100P与Ki-67的表达,并分析二者在PCa组织中的表达有无相关性。结果 (1)S100P蛋白在正常前列腺组织及BPH组织中的阳性率(93.33%、90.00%)明显高于前列腺癌组(20.00%)(χ2=38.953,P<0.01);S100P蛋白在高、中、低分化PCa组织中阳性率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。(2)Ki-67在PCa组织中阳性率(63.33%)明显高于BPH(13.33%)及正常对照组(6.67%)(χ2=22.763,P<0.01);低分化PCa组Ki-67阳性率比高、中分化组明显增高(P<0.05)。(3)PCa组织中S100P和Ki-67二者表达呈负相关关系,但无统计学意义(r=-0.077,P=0.689)。结论前列腺发生癌变后S100P与Ki-67表达分别会发生下调与升高,可能预示肿瘤更具增殖能力和侵袭性,联合检测二者有助于判断PCa的发展趋势及预后评估。     

沉默Apaf-1 基因对氧糖剥夺/ 复氧复糖PC12 细胞线粒体凋亡通路的影响

目的:探讨RNA干扰沉默Apaf-1基因对氧糖剥夺/复氧复糖PC12细胞线粒体凋亡通路的影响。方法:PC12细胞随机分为3组:正常组(Control)、模型组(Model)、Apaf-1基因沉默组(Apaf-1-siRNA)。正常组于CO2培养箱内正常培养,其余2组给予氧糖剥夺2 h、复氧复糖24 h处理,Apaf-1-siRNA组于造模前将化学合成的siRNA通过脂质体转染于PC12细胞靶向沉默Apaf-1基因。用荧光标记的siRNA检测Apaf-1转染效率,Western blot检测转染后PC12细胞Apaf-1蛋白表达,CCK-8检测细胞存活率,TUNEL染色检测细胞凋亡指数,流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡率,免疫荧光染色检测Bax/Bcl-2比值,Western blot检测线粒体凋亡通路关键蛋白Apaf-1、caspase-9、caspase-3表达。结果:Apaf-1-siRNA可有效沉默PC12细胞Apaf-1蛋白表达(P<0.05)。与Control组相比,Model组细胞存活率明显降低(P<0.05),细胞凋亡指数和凋亡率显著升高(P<0.05),Bax/Bcl-2比值升高(P<0.05),线粒体凋亡通路关键蛋白Apaf-1、caspase-9、caspase-3表达显著升高(P<0.05);与Model组相比,Apaf-1-siRNA组细胞存活率显著升高(P<0.05),细胞凋亡指数和凋亡率显著降低(P<0.05),Bax/Bcl-2比值降低(P<0.05),Apaf-1、caspase-9、caspase-3蛋白表达均明显降低(P<0.05)。结论:靶向沉默Apaf-1基因可有效降低氧糖剥夺/复氧复糖PC12细胞线粒体凋亡通路关键蛋白Apaf-1、caspase-9、caspase-3表达,抑制细胞凋亡,提高细胞存活率。     

前列腺癌患者血清和组织中miR-421的表达及临床意义

目的检测miR-421在前列腺癌(prostate cancer,PCa)患者血清和组织中的表达,并探讨其与临床病理特征的关系及意义。方法收集2015年12月~2016年12月初次在安徽医科大学第一附属医院泌尿外科住院的PCa患者血清62例及前列腺增生(prostatic hyperplasia,BPH)患者血清46例,并调取同时期病理科存档的PCa蜡块42例,BPH蜡块37例。采用qRTPCR检测血清中miR-421的表达,采用原位分子杂交法检测病理组织中miR-421的表达。结果 miR-421在PCa和BPH患者血清中的表达分别为2.52±1.70、0.82±0.65,与BPH组相比,miR-421在PCa血清中的表达升高(P0.05),PCa患者血清和组织中miR-421的表达与Gleason评分、TNM临床分期、骨转移等有关(P0.05),与患者年龄、术前PSA水平等均无关(P0.05)。结论 miR-421在PCa患者血清或组织中的表达水平高于BPH患者,有望成为PCa的诊断标志物。     

Survivin 抑制剂YM155 对甲状腺癌B-CPAP 细胞凋亡的影响及机制研究

目的:探讨人生存素(Survivin)抑制剂YM155{4,9-二氢-1-(2-甲氧基乙基)-2-甲基-4,9-二氧代鄄3-(2-吡嗪甲基)-1H-萘并[2,3-d]咪唑鎓溴化物}对甲状腺癌B-CPAP 细胞活力和凋亡的影响以及凋亡相关酶半胱氨酸蛋白酶-3(Cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-3,Caspase-3),半胱氨酸蛋白酶鄄8(Cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-8,Caspase-8)和半胱氨酸蛋白酶-9(Cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-9,Caspase-9)表达的变化,探讨其诱导B-CPAP 细胞凋亡的可能机制。方法:体外培养B-CPAP 细胞,分别以0、0.5、1、2、4、8 nmol/ L 浓度的YM155 进行处理24 、48 和72 h,采用CCK-8 检测试剂盒检测YM155对B-CPAP 细胞活力的抑制作用;B-CPAP 细胞随机分为4 组:分别以0、1、2 nmol/ L YM155 和5 μmol/ L 顺铂(Cisplatin,阳性对照组)处理24 h。分别采用TUNEL 染色和流式细胞仪AnnexinV-FITC/ PI 法检测凋亡的情况;采用RT-PCR 检测Survivin mRNA 的表达;采用比色法和Western blot 检测Survivin 和Caspase-3、Caspase-8、Caspase-9 的活性和表达。结果:与0 nmol/ L 组比较,YM155 对B-CPAP 细胞活力具有明显抑制作用,并诱导B-CPAP 细胞凋亡(P<0.05 或P<0.01);与阴性对照组比较,YM155 显著降低B-CPAP 细胞Survivin 的表达,并上调Caspase-3、Caspase-8、Caspase-9 的表达(P<0.05 或P<0.01)。结论:YM155 对B-CPAP 细胞活力具有抑制作用,诱导其凋亡,其机制可能与上调Caspase-3、Caspase-8 和Caspase-9 表达有关。     

前列腺组织中ERα、ERβ的表达及其意义

目的探讨雌激素及其受体ERα、ERβ与良性前列腺增生(benign prostatic hyperplasia,BPH)、前列腺癌(prostate cancer,PCa)的关系。方法采用免疫组化SP法检测ERα和ERβ在20例正常前列腺(normal prostate,NP)、80例BPH及46例PCa标本中的表达。结果 ERα主要在前列腺组织间质细胞表达,上皮细胞中无表达,在NP中呈低表达,在BPH中高表达,而在PCa表达下降(P0.01);但ERα在PCa不同病理分级和临床分期中的表达强度差异无显著性(P0.05)。ERβ主要在前列腺组织上皮细胞表达,很少位于间质,在NP、BPH中高表达,而在PCa中表达下降甚至呈阴性(P0.01),ERβ表达与分化程度呈正相关(P0.01),且主要表达于A、B期组织中(P0.01)。结论 ERα主要在间质细胞表达,而ERβ主要在上皮细胞表达,提示雌激素对BPH及PCa的作用可能主要是通过ERβ途径发挥作用的。ERβ在PCa中的表达明显下降,提示其可能与PCa的发生、发展有关,推测PCa中大部分ERβ可能是更具有侵袭性的ERβ变异体,致使PCa恶性程度增加。     

联合检测IL-6、T-PSA、F-PSA及F-PSA/T-PSA在前列腺疾病鉴别诊断中的应用价值

目的 探讨血清中白细胞介素6(IL-6)、总前列腺特异性抗原(T-PSA)及游离前列腺特异性抗原(F-PSA)在前列腺癌(PCa)患者和前列腺增生(BPH)患者中的表达情况,用于鉴别诊断临床上的前列腺癌和前列腺增生患者.方法 经直肠行前列腺穿刺活检病理诊断确诊为PCa和BPH的患者,回顾性分析其治疗前血清中的IL-6、T-PSA及F-PSA的检测结果.结果 PCa患者血清中的IL-6、T-PSA及F-PSA明显高于BPH患者(P<0.05);按照年龄分层(45~,55~,65~,75~)分析的结果显示在各个年龄段PCa患者血清中的IL-6、T-PSA及F-PSA均明显高于BPH患者(P<0.05).在75~年龄段,PCa患者F-PSA/T-PSA明显低于BPH患者(P<0.05).结论 IL-6、T-PSA及F-PSA的联合检测对PCa和BPH患者具有鉴别意义.     

毛蕊异黄酮通过调控细胞色素C/凋亡酶激活因子1凋亡信号通路减轻大鼠脑缺血/再灌注损伤

目的 探讨毛蕊异黄酮对脑缺血/再灌注损伤的影响及其作用机制.方法 将SPF级雄性SD大鼠40只随机分为假手术组(sham)、模型组(model)、毛蕊异黄酮组(calycosin,20 mg/kg)和尼莫地平组(nimodipine,0.7 mg/kg,阳性对照药组),采用改良线栓法建立大鼠大脑中动脉闭塞模型,在体模拟脑缺血/再灌注损伤环境.Zea Longa评分法检测脑缺血/再灌注大鼠神经功能缺损情况;盐酸2,3,5-三苯基四氮(TTC)染色检测脑梗死体积;HE染色检测神经细胞病理形态学改变;尼氏染色观察尼氏小体变化;TUNEL染色检测神经细胞凋亡情况;Western blotting检测凋亡关键蛋白细胞色素C(Cyt C)、凋亡酶激活因子1(Apaf-1)、Caspase-9和Caspase-3的表达.结果 与sham组相比,model组神经功能缺损症状明显(P＜0.05),脑梗死体积明显增大(P＜0.05),倒置光学显微镜下观察发现神经细胞出现胞体收缩,胞核深染、固缩,细胞生长状态较差,尼氏小体明显减少或消失(P＜0.05),凋亡神经细胞明显增多(P＜0.05),凋亡关键蛋白Cyt C、Apaf-1、Caspase-9和Caspase-3表达均明显升高(P＜0.05);与model组相比,calycosin组和nimodipine组大鼠神经功能缺损症状明显减轻(P＜0.05),脑梗死体积明显缩小(P＜0.05),光学显微镜下观察发现,神经细胞损伤明显减轻,尼氏小体表达明显增多(P＜0.05),凋亡神经细胞明显减少(P＜0.05),凋亡关键蛋白Cyt C、Apaf-1、Caspase-9和Caspase-3的表达明显降低(P＜0.05).结论 毛蕊异黄酮可明显抑制神经细胞凋亡,减轻脑缺血/再灌注损伤,其作用机制与毛蕊异黄酮有效调控Cyt C/Apaf-1凋亡信号通路相关.     

Cadaveric and radiologic study of the anatomical variations of the prostatic arteries: A review of the literature and a new classification proposal with application to prostatectomy

Development of prostatic arterial embolization (PAE) to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) has raised interest in the variations of the prostatic arteries (PA). The aim of this study is to identify these vascular variations, to compare them with previous data, and to propose a simple classification. Ten adult male pelvis sides from embalmed cadavers were dissected, ages 69 to 92 years, and 10 PA were examined. In a retrospective analysis of 34 DSA pelvic angiographies on 28 patients aged 50 to 90 years, 48 PA were identified. A total of 58 PA were therefore analyzed. Six types are defined. Type I: PA originates from the anterior division (AD) of the internal iliac artery (IIA), 20.7%; Type II: PA emerges from the obturator artery (OA), 5.2%; type III: PA arises from the gluteal‐pudendal trunk (GPT), 27.5%; Type IV: PA originates from the internal pudendal artery (IPA), 29.3%; Type V: PA comes from the middle rectal artery (MRA), 15.5%. Other origins, not observed in our sample but described in the literature, were amalgamated under Type VI. The AD/GPT/IPA stem is the main source of the PA. Analysis of the definitions of IIA branches and the associated terminology is necessary for interpreting the results reported by several authors on different samples, but in general the results fit the meta‐analysis well. A new, simple, and complete classification for vascular variations of the PA is proposed. Clin. Anat. 30:71–80, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Periacinar retraction clefting in proliferative prostatic atrophy and prostatic adenocarcinoma

AIMS: To evaluate the presence and extent of periacinar retraction clefting in proliferative prostatic atrophy and carcinoma in radical prostatectomy specimens. METHODS: Atrophic foci and neoplastic glands were analysed in specimens from 50 patients who underwent radical prostatectomy. Analysed atrophic glands were classified in two main groups, proliferative atrophy (PA) and proliferative inflammatory atrophy (PIA); each group was subclassified into simple atrophy (SA) and postatrophic hyperplasia (PAH). According to the presence and extent of periacinar retraction clefting, atrophic and neoplastic glands were classified as: group 1, glands without clefts or with clefts affecting 50% of the circumference in <50% of examined glands; and group 3, glands with clefts that affected >50% of the circumference in >or=50% of examined glands. RESULTS: Forty-four (88.0%) atrophic foci were without periacinar clefts or clefts were present in less than half of the gland circumference (group 1). In 6 (12.0%), atrophic foci clefts affected >50% of gland circumference (groups 2 and 3). Forty-five (90.0%) carcinomas were with clefts which affected more than 50% of gland circumference (groups 2 and 3); and in five carcinomas only, clefts were not found or affected <50% of gland circumference (group 1). CONCLUSION: Results indicate that periacinar retraction clefting represents a reliable criterion in differential diagnosis between proliferative atrophy and carcinoma.     

细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶cdk2和cdk4在前列腺增生和癌变组织中的表达

目的：探讨细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶ｃｄｋ２和ｃｄｋ４在前列腺增生（ＢＰＨ）和前列腺癌（ＰＣ）的发生发展过程中作用及其与ＰＣＮＡ之间关系。方法：应用免疫组化ＳＰ法检测１８例正常前列腺（ＮＰ）、６２例ＢＰＨ和３３例ＰＣ组织中ｃｄｋ２、ｃｄｋ４和ＰＣＮＡ的表达。结果：前列腺上皮和间质组织中均见ｃｄｋ２和ｃｄｋ４表达。ＮＰ中两者表达均分别显著低于ＢＰＨ和ＰＣ;ＢＰＨ的上皮细胞中两者表达均分别显著低于ＰＣ,但ＢＰＨ的间质细胞中两者表达与ＰＣ相比均无显著性差异。ＢＰＨ和ＰＣ中ｃｄｋ２及ｃｄｋ４表达与ＰＣＮＡ指数均呈正相关。结论：ｃｄｋ２和ｃｄｋ４异常表达参与ＢＰＨ和ＰＣ的发生发展过程,其可能是通过改变细胞周期及促进细胞异常增殖而起作用的。     

A histological morphometric study of nuclear size in benign and malignant neoplasms of the human cheek

A histochemical study of 27 well-differentiated prostatic carcinoma cases associated with prostatic intra-epithelial neoplasia (PIN) was carried out. In the histological areas examined a decreasing production of neutral mucin was found as follows: normal prostatic tissue (70%), prostatic carcinoma (55%), PIN 1 (50%), PIN 2 (30%) and PIN 3 (15%). A progressively increasing content of acidic mucin (AB 2.5) was observed in the areas of PIN 3 (25%), PIN 2 (35%) and prostatic carcinoma (70%), while it was absent in the areas of PIN 1 and normal prostatic tissue. Acidic mucin sulphated type (AB 1) was secreted only in PIN 3 (5%) and prostatic carcinoma (10%) areas. These data were correlated with the proliferative activity of PIN. It is postulated that the lower neutral mucin production by PIN 3 can be linked to the higher proliferative activity of this lesion. Moreover, the acidic mucin secretion by PIN and prostatic carcinoma is considered to be a further feature of these lesions.     

Cytokeratin and vimentin intermediate filament proteins in benign and neoplastic prostatic epithelium

Prostatic samples from 30 hyperplastic prostates and 61 prostatic adenocarcinomas were examined for vimentin and cytokeratins. The co-expression of cytokeratins and vimentin was found in all benign prostatic epithelium and in 83% of adenocarcinomas. Benign prostatic epithelium showed vimentin intermediate filaments distinctively distributed in the basal regions and as paranuclear sheaves along the long axis of the cell. This pattern of vimentin staining was seen in adenocarcinomas with low Gleason scores, whereas high-grade tumours showed intense diffuse perinuclear staining.     

经尿道前列腺汽化电切术的围手术期处理

目的 总结30例经尿道前列腺汽化电切术(TUVP)围手术期处理的经验,以便提高前列腺增生症(BPH)的治疗效果。方法 30例BPH病人全部行TUVP治疗。结果 全部病人得到随访2～12个月,一月内残余尿消失共29例,Madson评分平均下降15分,最大尿流率增加9.2ml。无死亡及其它严重合并症,术后继发性出血、睾丸附睾炎、尿道口粘连性狭窄和暂时性尿失禁的治疗效果令人满意。结论 围手术期处理,是BPH治疗过程中的重要一环,手术前后应对病人进行全面观察,了解各重要脏器功能状况,进行整体治疗,才能达到预期效果。     

碱性成纤维细胞生长因子在前列腺增生和癌组织中表达的临床意义

目的 :探讨碱性成纤维细胞生长因子 (b FGF)在前列腺增生和前列腺癌组织中表达的临床意义。方法 :采用斑点杂交技术和免疫组化染色 ,测定 40例正常前列腺 (NP)、3 8例前列腺增生症 (BPH )和 3 6例前列腺癌组织 (Pca)中b FGF的表达。结果 :BPH和Pca组织中 ,b FGF的表达明显高于NP组织 (P <0 .0 1)。b FGF表达升高的程度与BPH的分度、Pca的病理分级和临床分期均无明显关系。结论 :b FGF可能为BPH和Pca组织自身分泌 ,与其发生发展过程密切相关     

Sarcoglycan Complex in Human Normal and Pathological Prostatic Tissue: An Immunohistochemical and RT‐PCR Study

The sarcoglycan complex is a trans‐membrane system playing a key role in mechano‐signaling the connection from the cytoskeleton to the extracellular matrix. While β‐, δ‐, and ε‐sarcoglycans are widely distributed, γ‐ and α‐sarcoglycans are expressed exclusively in skeletal and cardiac muscle. Insufficient data are available on the distribution of sarcoglycans in nonmuscular tissue. In the present study, we used immunohistochemical and RT‐PCR techniques to study the sarcoglycans also in normal human glandular tissue, a type of tissue never studied in relation to the sarcoglycan complex, with the aim of verifying the real wider distribution of this complex. To understand the role of sarcoglycans, we tested specimens collected from patients affected by benign prostatic hyperplasia and adenocarcinoma. For the first time, our results showed that all sarcoglycans are detectable in normal samples both in epithelial and in myoepithelial cells; in pathological prostate, sarcoglycans appeared severely reduced in number or were absent. These data demonstrated that all sarcoglycans have a wider distribution suggesting a new unknown role for these proteins. The decreased number of sarcoglycans, containing cadherin domain homologs in samples of prostate affected by hyperplasia, and the absence of proteins in prostate biopsies, in cases affected by adenocarcinoma, could be responsible for the loss of adhesion between epithelial cells, which in turn facilitates the progression of benign tumors and the invasive potential of malignant tumors. Anat Rec, 297:327–336, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Patterns in the diagnosis and management of benign prostatic hyperplasia in a country that does not have country-specific clinical practice guidelines

Purpose

We have evaluated the patterns of diagnostic and treatment practices for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in a country that does not have country-specific clinical practice guidelines.

Materials and Methods

Probability samples were taken from the Korean Urological Association Registry of Physicians, and randomly sampled Korean urologists were asked to complete a questionnaire. The survey explored practice characteristics and attitudes, as well as diagnostic and treatment strategies, for the management of BPH.

Results

Of the 850 questionnaires sent, 302 were returned, and 277 of those were included in the final analysis (response rate 32.6%). For the initial evaluation, most urologists routinely used digital rectal examinations (DRE) and urinalysis. Uroflowmetry was used 34.7% of the time. Pressure-flow studies were rarely done. Symptom assessment was used in only 46.9% of cases. In addition, a significant number (58.8%) reported that treatment decisions were not based on the symptom questionnaire. Before surgery, almost all urologists routinely used DRE, urinalysis, and prostate-specific antigen tests. Of the respondents, 55.6% and 41.9% had prescribed alpha-blockers and alpha-blockers with 5-alpha reductase inhibitors, respectively. 81.2% of urologists perceived that selective alpha-blockers are different in terms of efficacy, and 82.7% felt that they differed in safety. Most respondents prescribed 5-alpha reductase inhibitors based on the prostate size.

Conclusion

These data provide a picture of current practices regarding the management of BPH in Korea. The diagnostic and treatment practices for BPH do not follow published guidelines. Our findings ask the question "How influential are international guidelines, and do they really affect patient management in countries that do not have country-specific guidelines?"     

Expression of KAI1 in paraffin-embedded normal, hyperplastic and neoplastic prostate and prostate carcinoma cell lines

Expression of KAI1, a tumor metastasis suppressor gene, was studied with different fixatives in frozen and paraffin-embedded sections of human and rat prostate carcinoma cell lines and human prostate lesions by Immunohisto-chemistry. Immunoreactivity of the membrane antigen in cell lines was associated with known expression levels in these lines and the fixative used. Formalin and paraformaldehyde helped maintain the immunoreactivity of cells. In human prostate, frozen sections revealed diffuse reactivity of the antigen in normal and neoplastic tissues while paraffin-embedded tissues usually showed focal reactivity, although more than 50% of cases with normal epithelium and adenocarcinomas were reactive. In some cases, pretreatment with trypsln enhanced immunoreactivity. Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) showed the most intense diffuse immunoreactivity, which suggested enhanced expression. Prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) also often expressed high levels of KAI1. Three of five metastases were reactive but two primaries and their metastases were not. Lymphocytes in primary carcinomas and lymphocytes and germinal center cells in lymph nodes were immunoreactive, while adjacent primary or metastatic prostate adenocarcinoma epithelium was not immunoreactive. Although paraffin-embedded human tissues were not optimal for determining levels of expression of KAI1, they did show immunoreactivity that could have prognostic value and showed the specific cytoplasmlc localization of the protein in cells.