冠状动脉造影正常的心肌梗塞患者核素心肌灌注显像

目的 :分析冠状动脉造影正常的心肌梗塞患者核素心肌灌注显像表现。　　方法 :回顾总结了 18例冠状动脉造影正常的心肌梗塞患者 99m锝 -甲氧基异丁基异腈 (99m Tc- MIBI)静息心肌断层显像。　　结果 :18例心肌梗塞患者心肌灌注显像均显示异常 ,12例有节段性缺损 ,6例未见缺损但可见心肌节段性稀疏。心肌灌注显像对心肌梗塞的定位与心电图 Q波比较 ,显示病变部位更明确。　　结论 :心肌灌注显像提供了冠状动脉造影正常的心肌梗塞患者心肌损伤部位及程度。     

心肌灌注显像中潘生丁试验与踏车运动试验对冠心病诊断价值的比较

为比较潘生了试验和踏车运动试验心肌灌注平面显像诊断冠心病的灵敏度和特异性，我们将100例胸痛患者随机分为两组，分别进行两种试验介人心肌灌注显像，并与冠状动脉造影结果对照。结果：两种介入性试验平面心肌灌注显像，对冠心病诊断的灵敏度分别为：94.59％和92％；特异性分别为80.95％和80％；且对识别冠脉单支，双支，三支管的灵敏度，诊断不同冠脉分支病变的灵敏度，以及检出相应病变血管的灵敏度等各项指标，两组之间对照均无显著性差异。表明：潘生丁试验和踏车运动试验介人心肌灌注平面显像，均可为临床冠心病的诊断和病变的定位提供较可靠的依据。     

高血压患者^99mTc—MIBI心肌灌注及硝酸甘油介入显像的初步探讨

目的对高血压病人的９９ｍＴｃ－ＭＩＢＩ心肌灌注断层显像的临床意义进行探讨。方法１０５例高血压患者进行９９ｍＴｃ－ＭＩＢＩ负荷（运动或ＡＴＰ介入）和／或静息心肌灌注断层显像，其中５２例与１０例心肌灌注显像出现放射性异常减低的病人于２４～４８ｈ后分别进行硝酸甘油介入心肌显像与卡托普利介入心肌显像。结果高血压患者心肌灌注显像异常发生率８０．０％。２２例冠脉造影有１０例（５５．６％）证实为高血压合并冠脉狭窄≥５０％。硝酸甘油介入心肌显像使放射性减低节段填充或部分填充（血流灌注改善）６４．４％，无填充３１．１％，与冠心病心肌缺血组比较，差异有非常显著意义（Ｐ＜０．０１）；卡托普利介入心肌显像能使减低节段填充或部分填充占５３．８％。结论高血压患者心肌灌注显像所表现的放射性异常减低，其原因可有合并冠心病。心内局部合成肾素－血管紧张素参与，而高血压性心肌病变也是重要的原因。硝酸甘油介入与卡托普利介入心肌显像是鉴别上述病因的有效方法。     

Myocardial perfusion single photon computed tomography: An Atlas

The purpose of this Teaching Atlas is to provide the reader with both image recognition and an understanding of the basis for myocardial perfusion single photon computed tomography (SPECT) images interpretation. The objective is to present a wide variety of myocardial perfusion cases, both relevant and to some extent in-depth, to be used by nuclear cardiologist/nuclear medicine physicians as well as trainees in cardiology, radiology and nuclear medicine. In recent years, the field of nuclear cardiology has made major advances in both radiopharmaceuticals and instrumentation. Attenuation correction techniques have and will continue to improve the diagnostic accuracy of myocardial perfusion SPECT. Several attenuation correction aspects are included in this Atlas.     

三磷酸腺苷负荷~(99m)锝—甲氧基异丁基异腈门控心肌灌注显像在评价心肌桥引起心肌缺血患者中的临床价值

目的:探讨三磷酸腺苷(ATP)负荷99m锝—甲氧基异丁基异腈(99mTc-MIBI)门控心肌灌注显像(G-MPI)对评价心肌桥患者心肌缺血的程度、部位及心功能的临床价值。方法:选择58例以冠状动脉造影或冠状动脉计算机断层血管造影术(CTA)明确诊断为心肌桥的患者,行ATP负荷99mTc-MIBI G-MPI检查,将左心室心肌短轴及垂直长轴像划分为13个节段,应用目测法按0~3分4阶法半定量评价左心室心肌各节段核素分布情况,计算左心室负荷总积分,判定心肌桥患者心肌缺血的程度及部位,并与心肌桥的严重程度进行对比。同时分析ATP负荷99mTc-MIBI G-MPI得出的左心室射血分数(LVEF)与经胸彩色多普勒超声心动图获得的LVEF的相关性。结果:ATP负荷99mTc-MIBI G-MPI对心肌桥患者心肌缺血的检出率为82.76%,动态心电图的检出率为56.10%,前者明显高于后者(P0.05)。ATP负荷99mTc-MIBI G-MPI显像中冠状动脉左前降支支配区域核素分布异常为258个节段(63.55%),冠状动脉左回旋支支配区域核素分布异常为82个节段(47.13%),右冠状动脉支配区域核素分布异常为74个节段(42.53%),冠状动脉左前降支支配区域核素分布异常节段数明显高于左回旋支及右冠状动脉(P0.0125)。在58例心肌桥患者,ATP负荷99mTc-MIBI G-MPI定量分析中得出的静息状态下LVEF为(69.59±4.13)%,经胸彩色多普勒超声心动图测得的LVEF为(63.22±4.12)%,二者差异无统计学意义(P0.05),且呈明显正相关性(r=0.555,P0.05)。结论:ATP负荷99mTc-MIBI GMPI可以较直观准确地评价心肌桥患者的心肌缺血程度、部位及左心功能,对临床治疗具有一定的指导价值。     

缺血性和非缺血性心肌病核素心肌断层显像的定量分析

本文回顾性地分析了24例缺血性心肌病（ISCM）和21例非缺血性心肌病（NISCM）患者的核素心肌断层显像与超声心动图，并且结合53例正常对照组心肌定量结果进行了定量分析，结果显示陈旧性心梗组（OMI）、高血压病组（EN）和扩张性心肌病组（DCM）的左室扩大，腔／壁比值分别是2、13±0．44、2．25±0．38及2．78±0．70与正常对照组的1．05±0．17比较有显著性差异（P＜0．01）。OMI组心肌定量分析见171个减低及缺损区。每个患者病变区数占自身总区数的11．60％～61．10％，平均27．16％，DCM组左室呈不均匀性分布，定量分析有27个减低区，每个患者病变心肌数占3．50％～11．52％，平均6．39％。两组分布存在显著性差异（P＜0．01）；EH组定量显像有52个增强区，每个患者心肌增强的区数占17．20％～50％，平均31．28％，DCM组有21个增强区，每个患者心肌增强的区数占0～10．72％，平均7．8％，两组分布有显著性差异（P＜0．01）。     

Clinical Experience with SonoVue in Myocardial Perfusion Imaging

Ultrasound-enhancing agents have the potential to evaluate myocardial perfusion, adding a new dimension to echocardiography. This article summarizes the clinical studies involving SonoVue, a new intravenous ultrasound contrast agent, in assessing myocardial perfusion. Safe and well tolerated, SonoVue coupled with echocardiography has the capability to identify perfusion abnormalities, as confirmed by scintigraphic imaging. While the optimal modalities for ultrasound perfusion assessment are not yet determined, numerous technical advances have been introduced: continuous infusion or slow intravenous administration of the agent, harmonic intermittent imaging, pulse inversion, background subtraction, color coding, and others. SonoVue is a promising new agent in the booming field of myocardial contrast echocardiography.     

单一影像与融合影像对比评价2型糖尿病冠状动脉病变对心肌血供影响的研究

目的:比较单一影像即核素心肌灌注显像(MPI)与融合影像即MPI/冠状动脉(冠脉)计算机断层摄影术(CT)成像(CCTA)技术,评价2型糖尿病冠脉病变对心肌血供的影响及两种影像技术的诊断效能。方法:确诊2型糖尿病且怀疑或确诊合并冠心病85例,1个月内均行常规二日法腺苷负荷/静息MPI和冠脉造影,其中38例利用单光子发射计算机断层摄影术/CT,完成同机CCTA即MPI、MPI/CCTA。MPI采用心肌17分段5级评分法,及负荷总评分(SSS)对心肌血供做定性及半定量评价;冠脉造影和CCTA按常规将冠脉病变程度分为正常;轻、中、重度;以冠脉造影、冠脉造影联合MPI为参考标准评价MPI、MPI/CCTA融合影像诊断致心肌血供异常的冠脉病变的效能。结果:85例患者,MPI提示正常/异常为22/63例;MPI的诊断效能为:敏感性、特异性、准确性、阳性预测值和阴性预测值分别为80.19%、88.59%、85.10%、83.33%和86.27%;轻度20例(24%),中度12例(14%),严重31例(36%)。38例完成同机CCTA的患者中,以冠脉造影、冠脉造影联合MPI为对照标准,单一的MPI与MPI/CCTA融合影像评价2型糖尿病冠脉病变与心肌血供关系的敏感性、特异性、准确性、阳性预测值和阴性预测值分别为74.55%与96.97%、81.36%与91.67%、78.07%与94.74%、78.85%与94.12%和77.42%与95.65%。MPI/CCTA融合影像示:正常40.35%[46/114(段/支)],中度以上狭窄冠脉59.65%[68/114(段/支)]。结论:MPI/CCTA融合影像评价2型糖尿病冠脉病变对心肌血供影响的效能明显高于单一MPI,对2型糖尿病早期冠心病诊断有重要临床价值。     

负荷心肌灌注显像在心肌桥临床应用中的研究进展

负荷心肌灌注显像通过检测核素在心肌的分布,明确心肌缺血的部位和程度,因此,它能够评价冠状动脉心肌桥是否影响心肌供血及影响程度。负荷心肌灌注显像具有敏感性及特异性较高,且相对价廉、安全无创等优点,在评价心肌桥导致的心肌缺血及缺血的程度范围、判断预后及指导下一步治疗中具有重要的临床价值及应用前景。     

Myocardial Perfusion SPECT Imaging in Patients after Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the most prevalent form of cardiovascular disease affecting about 13 million Americans, while more than one million percutaneous transluminal intervention (PCI) procedures are performed annually in the USA. The relative high occurrence of restenosis, despite stent implementation, seems to be the primary limitation of PCI. Over the last decades, single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI), has proven an invaluable tool for the diagnosis of CAD and patients' risk stratification, providing useful information regarding the decision about revascularization and is well suited to assess patients after intervention. Information gained from post-intervention MPI is crucial to differentiate patients with angina from those with exo-cardiac chest pain syndromes, to assess peri-intervention myocardial damage, to predict-detect restenosis after PCI, to detect CAD progression in non-revascularized vessels, to evaluate the effects of intervention if required for occupational reasons and to evaluate patients' long-term prognosis. On the other hand, chest pain and exercise electrocardiography are largely unhelpful in identifying patients at risk after PCI.Although there are enough published data demonstrating the value of myocardial perfusion SPECT imaging in patients after PCI, there is still debate on whether or not these tests should be performed routinely.