山东省4326名7～1 2岁儿童体成分指数与血压水平的相关性研究

目的 探讨儿童体成分指数与血压水平的相关性.方法 对4326名7～12岁儿童进行身高、体重、血压和皮褶厚度测量,采用回归方程推算体脂比(BF%),用公式计算脂肪组织指数(FMI)=BF%×体重/身高2和非脂肪组织指数(FFMI)=(体重-BF%×体重)/身高2.结果 FMI、FFMI与收缩压(SBP)和舒张压(DBP)呈一定程度正相关,7～12岁儿童FMI与SBP的相关系数为0.432～0.531(男生)、0.413～0.485(女生),与DBP的相关系数为0.316～0450(男生)、0.345～0.421(女生).FFMI与SBP的相关系数为0.214～0.366(男生)、0.108～0.383(女生);与DBP的相关系数为0.090～0.250(男生)、0.063～0.214(女生).血压与FMI的相关性高于FFMI.血压偏高儿童的体成分指数显著高于正常儿童,以FMI差距最大.结论 预防儿童高血压应从控制体脂肪、预防肥胖做起.     

低出生体重婴儿体重指数的动态变化及其临床意义

目的：观察不同出生体重儿在婴儿期体重指数（BMI）的变化规律，探讨低出血体重婴儿在婴儿期是否具有肥胖趋势。方法：对107例不同出生体重儿跟踪随访一年，观察出生时，6个月、9个月及1岁时的BMI，采用SPSS统计软件进行分析。结果：正常足月儿各时期BMI均值无性别差异，6个月时BMI达高峰，此后逐渐下降，1岁时BMI与出生时体重、身长、BMI呈显著正相关。巨大出生时BMI显著增高，但6个月后维持正常高水平。低出生体重儿生后9个月内BMI呈追赶趋势，1岁时其BMI明显低于对照组。结论：婴儿期BMI与出生时体重、身长、BMI呈正相关，低出生体重儿在婴儿期虽然存在BMI的追赶现象，但无肥胖趋势。     

New Reference Values for Body Composition by Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis in the General Population: Results From the UK Biobank

BackgroundLow fat-free mass (FFM) is a risk factor for morbidity and mortality in elderly and patient populations. Therefore, measurement of FFM is important in nutritional assessment. Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is a convenient method to assess FFM and FFM index (FFMI; FFM/height²). Although reference values have been established for individuals with normal body weight, no specific cutoff values are available for overweight and obese populations. Also, limited studies accounted for the age-related decline in FFM.ObjectiveTo determine BMI- and age-specific reference values for abnormal low FFM(I) in white-ethnic men and women free of self-reported disease from the general population.DesignThe UK Biobank is a prospective epidemiological study of the general population from the United Kingdom. Individuals in the age category 45 to 69 years were analyzed. In addition to body weight, FFM and FFMI were measured using a Tanita BC-418MA. Also, self-reported chronic conditions and ethnic background were registered, and lung function was assessed using spirometry.ResultsAfter exclusion of all individuals with missing data, nonwhite ethnicity, self-reported disease, body mass index (BMI) less than 14 or 36 kg/m² or higher, and/or an obstructive lung function, reference values for FFM and FFMI were derived from 186,975 individuals (45.9% men; age: 56.9 ± 6.8 years; BMI: 26.5 ± 3.6 kg/m²; FFMI 18.3 ± 2.4 kg/m²). FFM and FFMI were significantly associated with BMI and decreased with age. Percentiles 5, 10, 25, 50, 75, 90, and 95 were calculated for FFM, FFMI, and fat mass (index), after stratification for gender, age, and BMI.ConclusionsUsing the UK Biobank dataset, new reference values for body composition assessed with BIA were determined in white-ethnic men and women aged 45 to 69 years. Because these reference values are BMI specific, they are of broad interest for overweight and obese populations.     

孕前BMI及孕期BMI增幅对妊娠结局的影响

目的:探讨孕妇孕前及孕期BMI增幅对妊娠结局的影响。方法:选取单胎初产妇360例作为研究对象,按孕前BMI及孕期BMI增幅<4(Ⅰ组)、4≤BMI≤6(Ⅱ组)、>6(Ⅲ组)分组,并分别随访其妊娠结局。结果:孕前肥胖组剖宫产、新生儿出生体重与正常组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);孕前肥胖组孕期BMI增幅≥4者剖宫产、巨大儿明显增多(P<0.05),孕前正常组孕期BMI增幅>6者剖宫产、巨大儿明显增加(P<0.05);孕前肥胖组、孕期BMI增幅>6的孕妇,其妊高征、妊娠期糖尿病发病率明显增加(P<0.05)。结论:孕前BMI及孕期BMI增幅与母婴预后有密切关系,控制孕前BMI及孕期BMI增幅可以减少母婴并发症。     

Calcium from plant sources is beneficial to lowering the risk of osteoporosis in postmenopausal Korean women

Osteoporosis, which has become a serious public health concern, is influenced by diet, especially calcium intake. Dairy products are a good source of calcium, but plant calcium may also be important in populations that do not consume a large amount of milk. The purpose of the present study was to examine the hypothesis that calcium from vegetable sources is associated with osteoporosis risk and bone mineral density in postmenopausal Korean women with osteoporosis and age-matched controls (N = 144). The results of multivariate-adjusted regression analyses indicated that the intake of calcium, plant calcium, potassium, vitamin A, carotene, vitamin B₁, niacin, vitamin E, vitamin C, and vegetables was associated with significantly reduced risk of osteoporosis after adjusting for age, body mass index, hormone replacement therapy, and energy intake. In addition, intake of vegetables alone, as well as calcium, plant calcium, potassium, and antioxidant vitamins (vitamin C, vitamin E, β-carotene), which are abundant in vegetables, was significantly and positively associated with bone mineral density. However, in this population of low-dairy consumers, intake of calcium from meat and dairy products was not related to risk of osteoporosis and bone mineral density. Our results suggest that high dietary intake of calcium, especially plant calcium, reduces the risk of osteoporosis and increased bone mineral density in postmenopausal Korean women. Vegetables may be an important source of calcium and may also provide vitamins and minerals that exert additional beneficial effects on the bone.     

Relationship Between Body Mass Index and Early Menarche of Adolescent Girls in Seoul

Objectives

The object of this study was to determine the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and early menarche in adolescent girls in Seoul.

Methods

A retrospective study was conducted with 144 middle school students in Seoul who provided informed consent. We measured their body composition, and used the questionnaire survey method for data collection from November to December 2008. Past elemental body composition data were collected from elementary school health records of first year of middle school.

Results

The early menarcheal group was taller and heavier than the late menarcheal group (p<0.05 from 8-12 years old). The body fat percentage (%), BMI were higher in the early menarcheal girls than the late-menarcheal girls (p<0.05, age at 13). In the result of multiple logistic regression, the BMI at the age of 8 and 9 was associated with early menarche after adjusting for birth weight, breast feeding and age at menarche of the mother (BMI at the age of 8: p for trend=0.01, BMI at the age of 9: p for trend=0.04). An increase in BMI from 7 to 8 year was associated with early menarche after adjusting for birth weight, breast feeding, age at menarche of the mother (p for trend=0.048).

Conclusions

The BMI at the age of 8 and 9 was associated with the early menarche of girls and increase in BMI from 7 to 8 year was associated with the early menarche of girls. These results suggest that BMI and increase in BMI before menarche cause early menarche. Although this study does not represent all Korean adolescent girls, it is one of the few studies that have investigated the temporal relationship between BMI and early menarche.     

Evidence that albumin is not a suitable marker of body composition-related nutritional status in elderly patients

Objective

Serum albumin has long been used in clinical practice as a marker of protein-energy undernutrition, but very few studies have focused on its relation with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry-assessed lean mass measurements, which is the current reference method in routine for body composition-related nutritional status. Serum albumin concentration is also affected by non-nutrition-related factors, and there is published evidence on the relation between serum albumin concentration and morbidity/mortality in the elderly. This study was designed to examine the relationship between serum albumin and lean mass and nutrition-related risk of morbidity/mortality in geriatric patients. Our objective was to clarify whether serum albumin in geriatric patients is a marker of body composition-related nutritional status, risk of morbidity/mortality, neither, or both.

Methods

This prospective study enrolled 125 elderly patients hospitalized in a rehabilitation unit [83.8 (SD 7.7) y]. Subjects were evaluated for serum albumin concentration and nutritional status at admission [body mass index, lean mass, appendicular skeletal muscle mass index, and body cell mass index (calculated as the ratio of the mass to the square of the height), evaluated by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry combined with bioelectrical impedance analysis]. Outcome scores were assessed 6 mo later, taking into account complications (pressure ulcers and/or infections) and 6-mo mortality.

Results

Serum albumin concentration was not correlated with the lean mass, appendicular skeletal muscle mass, or body cell mass indexes. Serum albumin concentration was, however, correlated with outcome score (r = 0.22, P = 0.02).

Conclusion

This study clearly demonstrates that albumin is not suitable as a marker of body composition in elderly patients.     

Association of Body Mass Index and Body Mass Index Change with Mortality in Incident Peritoneal Dialysis Patients

Although high body mass index (BMI) appears to confer a survival advantage in hemodialysis patients, the association of BMI with mortality in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients is uncertain. We enrolled incident CAPD patients and BMI was categorized according to World Health Organization classification for Asian population. BMI at baseline and one year after the initiation of peritoneal dialysis (PD) treatment was assessed to calculate the BMI change (∆BMI). Patients were split into four categories according quartiles of ∆BMI. Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression proportional hazard analysis were performed to assess the association of BMI on outcomes. A total of 1263 CAPD patients were included, with a mean age of 47.8 ± 15.0 years, a mean BMI of 21.58 ± 3.13 kg/m². During a median follow-up of 25.3 months, obesity was associated with increased risk for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) death (adjusted hazard ratio (AHR) 2.01; 95% CI 1.14, 3.54), but not all-cause mortality. Additionally, patients with more BMI decline (>0.80%) during the first year after CAPD initiation had an elevated risk for both all-cause (AHR: 2.21, 95% CI 1.23–3.95) and CVD mortality (AHR 2.31, 95% CI 1.11, 4.84), which was independent of baseline BMI values.     

北京市农村社区居民体质指数分布现况及其与慢病的关系

目的探讨农村社区居民体质指数（BMI）的分布现况及其BMI与慢性非传染性疾病（简称慢病）的关系,从而为慢病的早期预防提供依据。方法采用普查的方法,使用统一调查问卷对9 988名调查对象进行面对面调查。所有资料使用Epi Data 3.2录入,采用SPSS 13.0软件进行分析。率的比较采用χ2检验,P〈0.01为差异有统计学意义。结果调查对象超重和肥胖的检出率年龄差异均有统计学意义（χ2=87.265,P〈0.001;χ2=10.590,P〈0.001）,40～59岁年龄组超重和肥胖检出率均显著高于其他两个年龄组（P〈0.001）;超重和肥胖的检出率性别差异无统计学意义（χ2=2.294,P=0.134;χ2=0.003,P=0.976）;超重和肥胖与高血压、糖尿病、血脂异常等慢病的发生密切相关,随着BMI的增加,上述疾病的检出率呈现出上升的趋势。结论超重组和肥胖组的高血压、糖尿病、血脂异常等慢病的检出率明显高于BMI正常组,提示为早期预防慢病,应特别关注BMI≥24的人群。     

Assessment of body mass index for the residents of a long-stay institution for people with learning disability

Background: Body mass index (BMI) was used to assess the population of Royal Earlswood, a long-stay institution for people with learning disability. Method: Height and weight measurements were taken for each resident. Where available, previous weight records were used to compare the study BMI measurement with that 3 years previously – the time at which the Dietetic Service was first set up. Results: This study indicated that 56.4% of the residents in Royal Earlswood had a BMI that was outside of the ideal range. The Dietetic Service knew of 60% of these residents, and the weight status of over three-quarters of those receiving dietary advice had already been improved. The remaining 40% had not previously been identified as having an unhealthy weight. Conclusions: This paper supports previous research in demonstrating that people with learning disability are more likely than the general population to have a body weight that is outside the healthy range. In this study dietetic input is generally shown to have influenced BMI beneficially.     

Using focus groups to identify factors affecting healthy weight maintenance in college men

Healthful eating and physical activity are important for healthy weight maintenance. The hypothesis for this study was that college-aged men would perceive factors affecting eating and physical activity as both contributing to and inhibiting healthy weight maintenance. The overall objective was to explore how men view weight maintenance in the context of these aspects. Subjects (n = 47, mean age = 20.3 ± 1.7 years) completed an online survey, including the 51-item Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire, and participated in 1 of 6 focus groups. Three face-to-face and 3 online synchronous groups were conducted using a 15-question discussion guide to identify weight maintenance issues around eating, physical activity, and body perceptions. Weight satisfaction decreased with increase in both dietary restraint and disinhibition. Number of attempts to lose weight was positively associated with BMI (r [44] = .465, P = .01) and dietary restraint (r [44] = .515, P = .01). Findings from both focus group formats were similar. Motivators (sports performance/fitness, self-esteem, attractiveness, long-term health) were similar for eating healthfully and being physically active; however, more motivators to be physically active than to eat healthfully emerged. Enablers for eating healthfully included liking the taste, availability of healthful foods, using food rules to guide intake, having a habit of healthful eating, and internal drive/will. Barriers to healthful eating included fat in dairy foods, fruit and vegetable taste, and quick spoilage. Barriers to being physically active included lack of time/time management, obligations, being lazy, and girlfriends. Results may be used to inform future obesity prevention interventions.     

上海市0～6岁儿童体块指数调查研究

目的：了解体块指数（BMI）在儿童期的变化特点，为儿童肥胖的评价提供依据。方法；计算各年龄组BI，进行方差分析及两两比较。结果：城郊男女体块指数随年龄变化一致，小年龄组男童大于女童，大年龄组市区大于郊区。结论：儿童肥胖可采用体块指数评价。     

探讨老年人适宜的体质量指数

老年人的体质量管理作为健康管理的基础应受到广大医务工作者的重视，然而，我国老年人适宜的体质量指数是多少，目前尚无统一结论。本文通过复习国内外近年老年人体质量以及老年肥胖问题的相关文献，探讨我国老年人适宜的体质量指数。较多文献显示老年人的体质量指数在超重和轻度肥胖范围或许是最佳的体质量状态。     

Physical activity, walking and leanness: an analysis of the Northern Ireland Sport and Physical Activity Survey (SAPAS)

Objective

To report on the contribution walking makes to total weekly physical activity and the relationship between the volume and intensity of walking and leanness in a representative sample of the Northern Ireland population.

Method

4563 adults participated in this cross-sectional survey of physical activity behaviour. Self-reported height and weight was used to determine inverse body mass index (iBMI) as a measure of leanness. Data across all domains of physical activity including self-reported volume and intensity of walking (in bouts of 10 min or more) were analysed to determine their contribution to leanness using ANCOVA, having controlled for age, gender, socio-economic and smoking status.

Results

Over 68% of the participants reported walking > 10 minutes during the previous week but only 24% report walking at a brisk or fast pace. Time walking at a brisk or fast pace for personal transport was identified as having the strongest positive association with being lean (F_1,4256 = 10.45, β = 0.051 cm² kg^− 1 min^− 1 (SE = 0.016),P = 0.001).

Conclusions

In addition to increasing the amount of walking and the percentage of people walking regularly, public health messages encouraging an increase in walking pace may be valuable to increase the proportion of the population meeting physical activity guidelines and gaining associated health benefits.     

产前BMI及孕期BMI增幅与分娩方式及新生儿体重的关系

目的:探讨孕妇产前BMI及孕期BMI增幅对分娩方式、新生儿体重的影响。方法:选取单胎初孕妇360人作为研究对象,产前BMI≥28为肥胖组、产前BMI28为正常组及孕期BMI增幅4为Ⅰ组,4≤BMI≤6为Ⅱ组,6为Ⅲ组。以分娩方式、新生儿出生体重为观察指标,对各组进行随访。结果:产前肥胖组剖宫产、新生儿体重明显增加(P0.05);孕期BMI增幅≥4孕妇剖宫产增加、孕期BMI增幅6孕妇巨大儿明显增加(P0.05)。结论:产前BMI及孕期BMI增幅与妊娠结局有关,控制孕期体重过度增长,可降低母婴并发症。     

应用体重指数筛选4～6岁肥胖儿童的研究

目的探讨用体重指数(BMI)筛选4-6岁肥胖儿童的可行性及实用价值。方法以福州市4-6岁儿童的身高标准体重为金标准筛选肥胖者,再以BMI标准进行筛选,并与金标准的结果进行对比分析,从而评价BMI筛选小年龄儿童肥胖的可行性和实用性。结果BMI:取4-6岁男童≥18．0,4-6岁女童≥17．5为肥胖的标准,在筛查小年龄儿童肥胖方面与身高标准体重的结果较为一致,判断肥胖发生率的差别无统计学意义。结论BMI标准也可以用于小年龄儿童肥胖的筛查,并具有一定的实用价值。