鼻缺损修复术中衬里组织的修复

目的 探讨鼻缺损修复术中衬里组织的修复方法.方法 自2003年1月至2012年10月,根据鼻缺损的情况,对195例各类鼻缺损患者采用局部组织翻转皮瓣、外被皮瓣远端折叠、双瓣法、预制皮瓣等方法来修复衬里,并观察术后效果.结果 所有方法衬里皮瓣均成活良好.随访6个月至5年,局部组织翻转皮瓣法最大的并发症是皮瓣挛缩导致的鼻孔狭窄、通气不良,其他方法未见明显并发症.结论 在鼻缺损的衬里修复中,需要正确评估鼻部缺损范围、程度,以及周围可利用的残留组织量,选择合适的衬里修复方法,以获得良好的手术效果.     

Removal of bioplastique after nasal augmentation

Summary Nasal augmentation with bioplastique can produce visible irregularities under the nasal skin, and when this occurs, the material should be removed. A case is presented where bioplastique was removed from the naso glabellar area through a Réthi incision and the bridgeline reconstructed with a conchal cartilage graft.     

鼻内镜下手术治疗上颌窦鼻内翻乳头状瘤的临床疗效观察

目的探讨鼻内镜下手术治疗上颌窦鼻内翻乳头状瘤的治疗效果。方法选取我院2008年1月-2013年12月收治的上颌窦鼻内翻乳头状瘤患者做为研究对象,按照人院顺序随机分为治疗组与对照组,治疗组应用鼻内镜下手术治疗,对照组患者应用传统鼻侧切开术。结果治疗组患者的临床数据优于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。跟踪随访2～3年,治疗组患者的恶变与复发率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论应用鼻内镜下手术治疗上颌窦鼻内翻乳头状瘤的效果显著,术中微创治疗,术后无并发症发生,值得临床推广应用。     

鼻中隔软骨弯曲所致歪鼻的修复治疗

目的 探索安全、简便、有效的方法矫正因鼻中隔软骨畸形导致的歪鼻。方法 采用一侧鼻中隔软骨粘－软骨膜全部分离,对侧“马蹄铁”形分离以及保留部分鼻中隔软骨与鼻前嵴及犁骨接触的鼻中隔软骨游离法矫正歪鼻。结果 1996－1999年采用本法共治疗12例,随访1－12个月,除1例歪鼻复发外,其余效果均满意。结论 该法不仅为鼻中隔软骨的复位提供了广泛的移动空间,而且提供了较大范围的软骨基础支架,以利中隔软骨复位固定,避免了因外固定不充分导致鼻中隔软骨再移动的可能。该技术不论鼻前嵴是否有畸形,均可确保鼻中隔软骨在中线复位。     

鼻尖突出不足合并鼻指数过大的鼻型特点及联合治疗

目的 应用人体测量学以比例关系描述特定鼻型,探讨鼻尖突出不足合并鼻指数过大的鼻型特点及治疗方法,为鼻整形定量研究提供思路.方法 2010年3月至2011年10月,测量27例鼻尖低平、鼻翼肥大的青年女性鼻形态并计算指数值.患者均行隆鼻、鼻尖抬高并前延、鼻翼缩小三项鼻整形术.结果 随访3～12个月,效果满意.术后鼻指数、鼻宽深指数、鼻尖突出度均在正常范围内,其中部分患者比例值达到美学范围.结论 外鼻形态测量比例值能较客观、准确地描述某种鼻型.我国汉族青年女性,鼻指数大于82.05％,鼻尖突出度小于37.50％,可归类为鼻尖突出不足合并鼻指数过大鼻型,此类鼻型应用三项手术综合治疗,协调各亚单位比例,可塑造和谐美观的鼻型.     

Repair of nasal fistulae in leprosy

Summary Loss of full thickness of the nasal wall secondary to nasal myiasis produces through and through defects (fistulae). These defects can vary greatly in size and are difficult to repair because of scarring in the surrounding tissues and persistent nasal ulcers. Repair of such fistulae is discussed.     

Suitable age for nasal reconstruction after subtotal amputation in a child, with respect to a case involving purpura fulminans

The authors report a case of nasal reconstruction in a 5-year-old boy who had undergone subtotal amputation of the nose 8 months before in the context of meningococcus-induced purpura fulminans. Two-step surgery involved implantation of a forehead expansion graft preliminary to use of a contralateral forehead flap to cover a cartilaginous graft from the concha that reconstituted the ala nasi, columella, and septum. At 1 year of follow-up, the results were considered quite satisfactory esthetically and psychologically beneficial. Nasal amputation in the child is infrequent, and the procedure is not clearly defined. Early reconstruction certainly improves the child's life and social integration. The major risk is unsatisfactory growth of the reconstructed nose, which may persuade some surgeons to postpone the operation.     

鼻内镜下鼻中隔成形术临床应用观察

目的探讨鼻内镜下鼻中隔成形术的优点.方法鼻内镜下行鼻中隔成形术50例,其中高位和后段偏曲6例.结果50例均一次完成手术,偏曲的鼻中隔均获得彻底矫正.手术时间30～72 min,平均48 min,偏进的鼻中隔获得彻底矫正,随访6～9个月,平均7.1月,治愈45例(90%),好转5例(10%).无鼻中隔血肿、脓肿、穿孔、鼻腔粘连、鼻梁塌陷等并发症发生.结论鼻内镜下鼻中隔成形术,手术时间短,术中出血少,疼痛轻,术后并发症少,可同期行鼻窦手术,完全可以取代传统的鼻中隔黏膜下切除术.     

鼻内镜下切除鼻窦低分化神经内分泌癌5例报告

目的探讨鼻内镜下切除鼻窦低分化神经内分泌癌（ poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma, PNEC ）的疗效。方法2004年8月-2011年9月采用鼻内镜手术联合术后放化疗治疗鼻窦PNEC5例,术中根据肿瘤累及范围,开放相应的鼻窦,去除肿瘤及周围破坏的骨质。术中行颅底修补1例。结果手术时间40-180min,平均105min;术中出血量150—400ml,平均240ml。术后颅内感染1例,应用大剂量抗生素静点及椎管内注射后感染控制。5例随访4～34个月,平均20．8月,1例蝶窦肿瘤术后3个月侧颅底及颅内复发,术后4个月死亡,余4例无复发。结论鼻内镜下切除联合术后放化疗治疗鼻窦PNEC疗效确切。     

以面动脉为蒂的逆行下颌缘皮瓣全鼻再造

目的　探讨全鼻再造术的新术式。方法　设计应用以面动脉为蒂的下颌缘皮瓣逆行移转行全鼻再造 6例。结果　 6例全鼻再造手术均一次完成 ,皮瓣一期成活 ,鼻外形满意。结论　以面动脉为血管蒂的全鼻再造 ,具有供、受区邻近 ,切取移转方便 ,血管恒定 ,血供丰富 ,技术要求不高 ,皮瓣质软与面部肤色近似等优点 ,并具有较好的应用价值。     

A combined therapy for the repair of alar defects that consists of a modified spiral flap and postoperative nasal stent

BackgroundThe repair of alar defects is challenging in clinics. Although skin grafts and nasolabial flaps are reliable, they can cause secondary post-surgical deformities.MethodsIn this report, we describe an alar spiral advancement flap with a subcutaneous pedicle combined with postoperative nasal stent therapy for the repair of alar defects.ResultsAll cases showed slight asymmetry immediately after surgery, but at a median follow-up of 24 months, no cases of dissatisfaction with the nose shape or abnormal respiratory function were found. Almost all incision scars subsided within 12 months. In addition, all flaps that were dissected and rotated during the surgeries healed, and no signs of necrosis or development of vascular compromise were observed.ConclusionOur preliminary experience suggests that the alar spiral flap followed by nasal stent therapy provides stable recovery of appearance and function for alar defects during follow-ups and shows promise for future therapies.     

鼻缺损修复术中美学亚单位原则的应用

目的探讨鼻美学亚单位原则在鼻部缺损修复和再造术中应用的效果和意义。方法鼻部各亚单位缺损患者共27例,根据鼻美学亚单位分区分为5组,为鼻背、鼻尖、鼻翼小叶、软组织三角以及涉及两个或两个以上亚单位组。根据缺损面积占亚单位的比例,对小于50%的缺损作亚单位局部修复,大于50%的则去除残余组织,行全亚单位重建。其中,游离组织移植(如植皮、耳廓复合组织移植)10例,局部皮瓣4例,额部皮瓣13例,术后随访5~37个月,以修复后的鼻外形和色泽来判断修复和再造效果。结果植皮、局部转移皮瓣14例全部存活;耳廓复合组织游离移植2例出现表皮发红发暗,半年后皮肤色泽渐趋正常;额部皮瓣鼻再造13例中,有1例出现鼻小柱伤口愈合不佳,鼻假体外露,鼻小柱瘢痕增生挛缩,二期行上唇黏膜瓣带蒂转移修复治愈。27例全部得到随访,患者和家属对手术结果均表示满意。结论运用鼻亚单位原则进行鼻部缺损修复和再造,与传统方法比较,能够获得更为满意的效果。     

Nasal tip repair with axial flap of nasal muscle

The procedure described here consists of a myocutaneous axial flap with lateral pedicle. It uses the transverse part of the nasal muscle that goes forward in rotation and the lateral and superior portions of the flap in the V-Y. The procedure is useful for repairing losses of nasal tip and the surrounding area. It is a simple method that can be used to reconstruct the brim near the tip of the nose, yielding an aesthetically and functionally efficient nose.     

鼻内镜下治疗鼻中隔穿孔16例护理体会与健康教育

目的通过对16例鼻中隔穿孔修补术患者的护理,总结出相应的护理体会,有助于提高此病的护理质量。方法 16例患者中,男11例,女5例,围手术期间,给予精心护理。其中术前及术后鼻腔用药、鼻腔填塞物的处理、术后鼻腔如何保持湿润等方面,有别于其他鼻腔手术。结果 16例患者中,15例一次性修复成功,1例穿孔明显缩小,所有患者症状较术前明显改善。结论鼻中隔穿孔修补术的围手术期护理,有其特殊性,应予重视。