A novel digital method to assess air space loss associated with acute lung injury in experimental acute pancreatitis

Background/Objectives

Respiratory dysfunction and/or failure from acute lung injury (ALI) are common in acute pancreatitis (AP), but assessment of ALI in experimental AP has lacked standardisation.

超声心动图在与急性心肌梗死混淆的急性肺栓塞患者诊断中的价值

】     

急性粒单和急性单核细胞性白血病的临床和细胞表面标记分析

目的：分析ＡＭＬ－Ｍ４、Ｍ５患者的临床和免疫学特征。方法：总结了７５例患者的血液学和临床特征，并用活细胞间接免疫荧光法检测了其中３９例患者的细胞免疫表型，着重分析了ＣＤ７＾＋ＡＭＬ在这二类ＡＭＬ中的发生率、临床特征及预后。结果：这两类白血病的ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ、ＣＤ３８、ＣＤ３４阳性率很高，分别为９１．４３％，８５．１９％和６５．６３％；结论：Ｍ４、Ｍ５这二种亚型有不同于其它ＡＭＬ亚型的临床，血液学和生     

58例急性粒-单核细胞和急性单核细胞白血病的临床及治疗疗效的比较

本文总结了24例 M_4和34例 M_5患者的临床和治疗疗效观察。研究结果表明,M_4好发于女性而 M_5多见于男性,在>60岁老人中 M_5较 M_4多见.M_4患者出血和贫血较明显,M_5以高热、肝脾浸润多见,在治疗反应上,无论 HOAP 或其它化疗方案组,M_5的 CR 率低于 M_4患者。     

Protective effects of erythropoietin against acute lung injury in a rat model of acute necrotizing pancreatitis

AIM： TO investigate the effect of exogenous erythro- poietin （EPO） administration on acute lung injury （ALI） in an experimental model of sodium taurodeoxycholate- induced acute necrotizing pancreatitis （ANP）. METHODS： Forty-seven male Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into 7 groups： sham group （n = 5）, 3 ANP groups （n = 7 each） and 3 EPO groups （n = 7 each）. ANP was induced by retrograde infusion of 5% sodium taurodeoxycholate into the common bile duct. Rats in EPO groups received 1000 U/kg intramuscular EPO immediately after induction of ANP. Rats in ANP groups were given 1 mL normal saline instead. All animals were sacrificed at postoperative 24 h, 48 h and 72 h. Serum arnilase, IL-2, IL-6 and lung tissue malondialdehyde （MDA） were measured. Pleural effusion volume and lung/body weight （LW/BW） ratios were calculated. Tissue levels of TNF-a, IL-2 and IL-6 were screened immunohistochemically. Additionally, ox-LDL accumulation was assessed with immune-fluorescent staining. Histopathological alterations in the lungs were also scored.RESULTS： The mean pleural effusion volume, calculated LW/BW ratio, serum IL-6 and lung tissue MDA levels were significantly lower in EPO groups than in ANP groups. No statistically significant difference was observed in either serum or tissue values of IL-2 among the groups. The level of tumor necrosis factor-（~ （TNF-（~） and IL-6 and accumulation of ox-LDL were evident in the lung tissues of ANP groups when compared to EPO groups, particularly at 72 h. Histopathological evaluation confirmed the improvement in lung injury parameters a~er exogenous EPO administration, particularly at 48 h and 72 h. CONCLUSION： EPO administration leads to a significant decrease in ALI parameters by inhibiting polymorphonuclear leukocyte （PMNL） accumulation, decreasing the levels of proinflammatory cytokines in circulation, preserving microvascular endothelial cell integrity and reducing oxidative stress-associated lipid peroxidation and therefore     

Acute lung injury and ARDS in acute pancreatitis: Mechanisms and potential intervention

Acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in acute pancreatitis still represents a substantial problem,with a mortality rate in the range of 30%-40%.The present review evaluates underlying pathophysiological mechanisms in both ALI and ARDS and potential clinical implications.Several mediators and pathophysiological pathways are involved during the different phases of ALI and ARDS.The initial exudative phase is characterized by diffuse alveolar damage,microvascular injury and inf...     

Acute pancreatitis complicated by acute myocardial infarction – A rare association

Acute pancreatitis complicated by acute myocardial infarction has been reported very rarely. The exact mechanism of the cause of myocardial injury is not known. We report a case of 36 year old male presenting with acute pancreatitis complicated by ST elevation acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The administration of thrombolytic therapy in such patients can have deleterious effects. We report successful performance of primary angioplasty in this complicated patient.     

Original single-incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute inflammation of the gallbladder

AIM: To investigate the safety and feasibility of our original single-incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy (SILC) for acute inflamed gallbladder (AIG).METHODS: One hundred and ten consecutive patients underwent original SILC for gallbladder disease without any selection criteria and 15 and 11 of these were diagnosed with acute cholecystitis and acute gallstone cholangitis, respectively. A retrospective review was performed not only between SILC for AIG and non-AIG, but also between SILC for AIG and traditional laparoscopic cholecystectomy (TLC) for AIG in the same period.RESULTS: Comparison between SILC for AIG and non-AIG revealed that the operative time was longer in SILC for AIG (97.5 min vs 85.0 min, P = 0.03). The open conversion rate (2/26 vs 2/84, P = 0.24) and complication rate (1/26 vs 3/84, P = 1.00) showed no differences, but a need for additional trocars was more frequent in SILC for AIG (5/24 vs 3/82, P = 0.01). Comparison between SILC for AIG and TLC for AIG revealed no differences based on statistical analysis.CONCLUSION: Our original SILC technique was adequately safe and feasible for the treatment of acute cholecystitis and acute gallstone cholangitis.     

Use of the FAB Crriteria for the Diagnosis of Acute Erythroleukaemia (AEL)

Abstract: Use of the FA6 criteria for the diagnosis of acute erythroleukaemia (AEL). R. K. Woodruff, I. H. Bunce, S. Johnson, A. in. Paxton and J. S. malpas, Aust. N.Z. J. med ., 1981, 11, pp. 1–7.
The criteria proposed by the French-American-British (FAB) Group for the diagnosis of acute erythroleukaemia (AEL), including the requirement for ≥ 30% marrow myeloblasts, were used in a review of patients with erythroleukaemia. Ten patients with AEL were identified, and a further twelve patients with marrows suggestive of AEL but having <30% myeloblasts were classified as having refractory anemia with excess of blasts (RAEB). The AEL patients had a poor prognosis, poor response to chemotherapy, and none showed evolution to myeloblastic or monoblastic leukaemia. In contrast, the patients with RAEB appeared to survive longer, respond better to chemotherapy, and several evolved into typical myelogenous leukaemia
The FAB criteria subdivides patients with erythroleukaemia into groups with apparent clinic pathological and prognostic differences. Further studies using these or equally strict criteria are required     

Peritoneal lavage with aprotinin in patients with severe acute pancreatitis

Summary Conclusion Although high-dose aprotinin given intraperitoneally to patients with severe acute pancreatitis seems to inhibit activated trypsin in the peritoneal cavity, the treatment has little effect on the balance between proteases and antiproteases. Plasma levels of leukocyte proteases were high in all the patients, indicating leukocyte activation to be an important feature of the pathophysiology of severe acute pancreatitis. A surprise finding was that the patients had higher peritoneal levels of pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor (PSTI) after the lavage procedure. Background Although most studies have shown protease inhibitor therapy to have little or no effect on acute pancreatitis, in an earlier study we found that very high doses of the protease inhibitor aprotinin given intraperitoneally to patients with severe acute pancreatitis seemed to reduce the need of surgical treatment for pancreatic necrosis. In the present study we have further analyzed plasma and peritoneal samples from the same patients to ascertain whether the aprotinin treatment affects the balance between proteases and endogenous antiproteases. Methods In a prospective double-blind randomized multicenter trial, 48 patients with severe acute pancreatitis were treated with intraperitoneal lavage. One group (aprotinin group,n=22) was also treated with high doses (20 million KIU given over 30 h) of aprotinin intraperitoneally. The remaining 26 patients made up the control group. The protease-antiprotease balance was studied by measuring immunoreactive anionic trypsin (irAT), cationic trypsin (irCT), complexes between cationic trypsin and alpha 1-protease inhibitor (irCT-α1PI), leukocyte elastase and neutrophil proteinase 4 (NP4), as well as the endogenous protease inhibitors, pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor (PSTI), alpha 2-macroglobulin (α 2M), alpha 1-protease inhibitor (α 1PI), antichymotrypsin (ACHY), and secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI). Intraperitoneal levels were studied before and after the lavage procedure, and plasma levels were followed for 21 d. Results The control group had lower plasma levels of SLPI and analysis of peritoneal fluid showed the reduction of irCT-α 1PI to be more pronounced in the aprotinin group. None of the other variables measured differed significantly between the two groups. All patients had very high levels of leukocyte elastase and NP4 both in peritoneal exudate and in plasma. Peritoneal levels of PSTI were higher after the lavage procedure in contrast to the other measured variables that all showed lower peritoneal levels after the lavage.     

高脂血症性急性胰腺炎与胆源性胰腺炎的临床对比分析

目的对比分析高脂血症性急性胰腺炎（hyperlipidemic acute pancreatitis,HLAP）与急性胆源性胰腺炎（acute biliary pancreatitis,ABP）的临床特点。方法回顾性对比分析我院2005年8月～2010年8月间收治的28例HLAP和64例ABP患者的临床资料。结果 HLAP组BMI、重症患者比例、Ranson评分≥3、CT分级为D、E及APACHEII≥8分者均较ABP组高（P〈0.05）。HLAP组血清TG、GLU、UA均显著高于ABP组,而ALT、AKP、TBIL、DBIL及血AMY均显著低于ABP组（P〈0.05）。两组患者平均住院时间无统计学差异（P〉0.05）。HLAP组患者死亡率为14.3%）,显著高于ABP组的1.5%（P〈0.05）。结论与ABP组相比,HLAP组通常病情较重,多为SAP且常不伴有血淀粉酶的显著升高,且死亡率高。     

急性Stanford A型主动脉夹层围术期急性肺损伤与D-二聚体相关性的探讨

目的:探讨急性Stanford A型主动脉夹层围术期急性肺损伤(ALI)的发生与D-二聚体(DD)的相关性。方法:2011年6月至2012年5月,连续收治59例急性主动脉夹层患者,均行全弓置换+支架象鼻手术。根据围术期发生ALI的情况分组:a组(10例):术前、术后均发生ALI;b组(17例):术前未发生ALI,但术后发生ALI;c组(32例):术前术后均未发生ALI。各组间结果比较采用方差分析,各因素与氧合指数的相关性采用多元线性回归分析。结果:三组术前DD比较:a组与b组、a组与c组P<0.05;b组与c组均P>0.05。术后24 h、48 h DD比较:a组与c组、b组与c组均P<0.05,a组与b组P>0.05。多元线性回归分析DD升高水平与PaO2/FiO2呈负相关性(γ=-0.032,P<0.001)。三组术后呼吸机使用时间和ICU停留时间比较:a组与c组、b组与c组均P<0.05;a组与b组P>0.05。术后有3例患者死亡,2例术后二次开胸探查,6例术后存在并发症,此11例术后均为ALI患者。结论:急性夹层围术期发生ALI的患者,有一个高的DD水平,且DD与PaO2/FiO2呈负相关性;术后发生ALI的患者,呼吸机使用时间与ICU停留时间显著延长。     

急性胰腺炎合并急性肺损伤与血清中IL-6变化的关联性研究

目的：探讨白细胞介素－6（IL－6）在急性胰腺炎合并急性肺损伤发生发展中的临床意义。方法入选患者96例,分为急性胰腺炎组62例及急性胰腺炎合并急性肺损伤组34例,以健康成人30名为对照组。采用放射免疫法测定血清中IL－6含量变化,进行统计学分析。结果急性胰腺炎组和急性胰腺炎合并急性肺损伤组IL－6值均高于对照组,急性胰腺炎合并急性肺损伤组高于急性胰腺炎组,差异均有统计学意义（ P＜0．05）。结论 IL－6作为炎症启动因子,参与急性胰腺炎合并肺损伤的病理生理过程。     

Clinical impact of acute hyperglycemia on development of diabetes mellitus in non-diabetic patients with acute myocardial infarction

BackgroundAcute hyperglycemia (AH) after the onset of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a manifestation of transient abnormal glucose metabolism that may reflect AMI severity, and thus be a predictor of poor prognosis. However, it remains unknown whether AH may predict development of de novo diabetes mellitus (dn-DM) in non-diabetic AMI patients.Methods and resultsAmong AMI patients registered in the Osaka Acute Coronary Insufficiency Study between 1998 and 2007, we investigated hospital records of 1493 patients who had an admission glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level of ≤6.0% and were subjected to glycometabolic profiling after survival discharge. dn-DM was defined as initiation of diabetic medication or documentation of an HbA1c level of ≥6.5% during the 5-year follow-up period. AH, defined as an admission serum glucose level of ≥200 mg/dl, was observed in 133 (8.9%) patients. dn-DM development was more frequent in post-AMI patients with AH than those without [24.8% vs 12.0%, adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 1.776, p = 0.021], particularly among patients with an HbA1c of <5.6% on admission. Treatment with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers was associated with a reduced incidence of dn-DM in patients with AH (adjusted HR 0.397, p = 0.031).ConclusionAdmission AH was a predictor of dn-DM in non-diabetic post-AMI patients. Renin–angiotensin system inhibitors were associated with reduced incidence of dn-DM in post-AMI patients with AH.     

抗磷脂抗体与急性冠脉综合征相关性研究

目的：初步探讨抗磷脂抗体与急性冠脉综合征（ACS）的相关性。方法：应用酶联免疫吸附法检测55例ACS患者、23例稳定型心绞痛及陈旧性心肌梗死的患者和24例门诊体检人员血清中抗心磷脂抗体IgG,IgM亚型和抗p2糖蛋白I IgAGM,IgA,IgG,IgM亚型抗体的水平。结果：ACS组中抗磷脂抗体阳性率为54．3％,其中抗心磷脂抗体阳性率为17．5％,抗＆糖蛋白I抗体阳性率为36．8％。ACS组中抗心磷脂抗体IgG亚型、抗＆糖蛋白IIgAGM亚型及IgM亚型抗体的阳性率和滴度明显升高,尤其在急性心肌梗死患者中这3种抗体阳性率均显著高于对照组。另外,抗＆GPI抗体阳性的冠心病患者血脂水平（尤其是血清总甘油三酯）高于抗磷脂抗体阴性的冠心病患者血脂水平。结论：ACS的发病可能与抗磷脂抗体有关,尤以急性心肌梗死相关性明显,抗磷脂抗体可能参与ACS血管病变的发病过程。     

Centrilobular necrosis in acute presentation of Japanese patients with type 1 autoimmune hepatitis

AIM:To compare clinicopathological features of acute presentation of type 1 autoimmune hepatitis(AIH) with or without centrilobular necrosis(CN).METHODS:Our study comprised 41 patients with biopsy-proven acute presentation(acute exacerbation phase 36,acute hepatitis phase 5) of type 1 AIH at our hospital from 1975 to 2009.Elevated serum alanine aminotransferase(ALT)(> 5x upper limit of normal) identified acute presentation of the disease.We compared clinicopathological features of these AIH patients with or without CN.The data used for analysis included patient background(age,sex,type of disease,presence of complications with other autoimmune diseases,human leukocyte antigen,and International Autoimmune Hepatitis Group score),clinical parameters at presentation(ALT,alkaline phosphatase,IgG,anti-nuclear antibodies,and anti-smooth muscle antibodies),histology and therapy.RESULTS:CN was found in 13(31.7%) patients with acute presentation(acute exacerbation phase 10,acute hepatitis phase 3) of AIH.Serum IgG levels of patients with CN were significantly lower than those of patients without CN(mean:2307 mg/dL vs 3126 mg/dL,P < 0.05),while antinuclear antibody-negative rates were significantly higher(30.7%vs 3.5%,P < 0.05).However,other clinical features were similar between the two groups.The frequency of advanced fibrosis in patients with CN was significantly lower than in patients without CN(F0-2:84.6% vs 35.7%,F3-4:15.4% vs 64.3%,P < 0.05).Other histological features were similar between the two groups.Although there was no significant difference between groups when evaluated using the revised original score(12 vs 14),the simplified AIH score of patients with CN was significantly lower(6 vs 7,P < 0.05).Frequency of DR4 was similar between patients with and without CN.CONCLUSION:CN is observed in both Japanese patients with acute hepatitis phase and acute exacerbation phase of type 1 AIH,although AIH with CN often shows clinical features of the genuine acute form.     

Acute fatty liver of pregnancy:Over six months follow-up study of twenty-five patients

AIM:To evaluate the prognosis of patients with acute fatty liver of pregnancy(AFLP)6 mo or longer after discharge.METHODS:The records of pregnant patients diagnosed with AFLP at Beijing Ditan Hospital over a 16-year period were reviewed in November 2012.Patients weremonitored using abdominal ultrasound,liver and kidney functions,and routine blood examination.RESULTS:A total of 42 patients were diagnosed with AFLP during the study period,and 25 were followed.The mean follow-up duration was 54.5 mo(range:6.5-181 mo).All patients were in good physical condition,but one patient had gestational diabetes.The renal and liver functions normalized in all patients after recovery,including in those with pre-existing liver or kidney failure.The ultrasound findings were normal in12 patients,an increasingly coarsened echo-pattern and increased echogenicity of the liver in 10 patients,and mild to moderate fatty liver infiltration in 3 patients.Cirrhosis or liver nodules were not observed in any patient.CONCLUSION:Acute liver failure and acute renal failure in AFLP patients is reversible.Patients do not require any specific long-term follow-up after recovery from AFLP if their liver function tests have normalized and they remain well.     

急性主动脉夹层合并急性缺血性卒中10例临床特点分析

目的:探讨急性主动脉夹层(AAD)合并急性缺血性卒中(AIS)的临床表现、诊断及治疗。方法:回顾性分析10例AAD合并AIS患者的临床病历资料。结果:10例患者主动脉夹层均为Stanford A型,其中5例病程中未出现胸腹部疼痛,4例以突发昏迷、6例以其它神经系统症状起病。脉搏短绌(80%)、双侧血压不对称(70%)、血压正常或降低(70%)是相对常见的体征。患者分别通过CT血管成像(60%)、经胸壁超声心动图(50%)、胸部CT(30%)确诊为主动脉夹层。头颅CT或MRI多呈现急性大面积脑梗死,其中以右侧颈内动脉系统脑梗死多见(60%)。所有患者的血浆D-二聚体浓度均显著高于正常值。1例患者接受急诊外科手术治疗并预后良好,其余9例仅行药物治疗,其中4例患者死亡,5例自动出院。结论:AAD合并AIS病情重,病死率高,结合临床表现、影像学及实验室检查有利于快速诊断;急诊外科手术是首选的治疗措施。     

急性心肌梗死合并急性肾损伤的危险因素分析

目的探讨急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者发生急性肾损伤(AKI)的危险因素。方法 AMI患者728例,分为AKI组和非AKI组。比较两组患者的临床资料,分析AMI患者发生AKI的独立危险因素,观察急诊冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)对AMI患者发生AKI的影响。结果 728例AMI患者中发生AKI共152例(20.9%)。AKI组与非AKI组比较,年龄、糖尿病史、平均动脉压、收缩压、心率、心功能(Killip分级)、左心室射血分数、基础肾小球滤过率估计值、ST段抬高型心肌梗死、服用β-受体阻滞剂以及血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂/血管紧张素受体拮抗剂等指标差异具有统计学意义(P0.01)。多因素Logistic分析显示,年龄、糖尿病史、入院收缩压、心功能分级、左心室射血分数、基础肾小球滤过率估计值、未服用血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂/血管紧张素受体拮抗剂是AMI患者发生AKI的独立危险因素。378例ST段抬高型心肌梗死,其中256例接受急诊PCI,统计分析显示未接受急诊PCI患者的AKI发生率显著高于急诊PCI患者(39.3%比19.5%,P0.01)。结论 AKI是AMI常见的并发症,其发生与多种因素有关,急诊PCI能降低ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者AKI发生率。