带远端锁钉定位装置的交锁髓内钉在股骨干骨折中的应用

目的评价带远端瞄准器的交锁髓内钉在股骨干骨折治疗中的应用特点。方法对采用带远端瞄准器的交锁髓内钉通过闭合复位穿钉技术治疗的26例股骨干骨折患者进行手术过程分析。结果远端锁钉放置顺利21例，放置困难经查找原因并改正后放置成功4例，失败1例。结论使用带远端锁钉定位装置的交锁髓内钉治疗股骨干骨折，可减少术者及患者暴露于X线下的次数及时间。只要操作中正确使用定位装置，减少髓内钉插入过程中产生的应力，减少钉的变形，即可顺利放置远端锁钉。     

胫骨带锁髓内钉治疗骨折与锁钉装置的改进

目的：探讨应用带锁髓内钉治疗胫腌骨骨折，在不需X线引导下进行手术的可行性和效果。方法：应用非扩髓带锁骨内钉治疗胫骨骨折46例。其中闭合性骨折25例，开放性骨折21例。改进带锁髓内钉远端瞄准器，增设辅助定位装置。结果：全部病例经随访6个月以上，除1例骨折术后10个月愈合外，45例骨折愈合时间平均4．8个月。患者膝、踝关节功能均恢复正常。改进后的带锁髓内钉远端瞄准器，一次钻孔交锁成功45例，无锁钉放置失败，术后无髓内钉或锁钉断裂。结论：非扩髓带锁髓内钉治疗胫腓骨骨折，手术不需X线引导，改进后的带锁髓内钉远端瞄准器，锁钉准确，简便实用。     

三维定位交锁髓内钉固定股骨干骨折

目的：探讨使用三维远端瞄准器行交锁髓内钉内固定治疗股骨干骨折的临床疗效和术式选择。方法：对1998年6月-2002年10月使用交锁髓内钉静力固定治疗92例102股股骨干骨折的疗效进行回顾性分析。手术采用闭合、小切口或有限切开复位，用瞄准器锁定骨折远、近端。结果：92例均获得随访，随访平均时间14.2个月（6-58个月）。远期疗效按马元璋^[1]评定标准：优75例，良12例，可4例，差1例，优良率94.6%，平均骨临床愈合时间6.1个月，一期骨折愈合率达到93.1%，2例感染（感染率（2.8%)，2例髓内钉断裂。结论：交锁髓内钉治疗股骨干骨折应常规闭合复位、扩髓、静力固定，不强求解剖复位，三维远端瞄准器使远端锁钉达成三维定向，使静力固定方便确切。本组取得了满意疗效，认为是目前治疗股骨干骨折的首选方法。     

瞄准器引导股骨交锁髓内钉远端锁钉的再认识

[目的]分析瞄准器引导下股骨交锁髓内钉远端锁钉困难的原因，以提高远端锁钉成功率。[方法]用配备远端瞄准器的股骨交锁髓内钉治疗股骨干骨折297例（301侧股骨），髓内钉301枚，国产钉216枚，进口钉85枚；粉碎性骨折108例，非粉碎性骨折189例；其中4例双侧股骨干骨折；均采取静力型固定，远近端各2枚锁钉。[结果]301枚股骨交锁髓内钉有288枚远端锁钉一次成功，有13枚初次锁钉未成功，一次锁钉成功率为95．7％。[结论]股骨交锁髓内钉远端锁钉困难的原因是多方面的，要提高远端锁钉一次成功率，必须重视包括术前准备在内的各个环节。     

带锁髓内钉在股骨干骨折翻修术中的疗效分析

目的：分析带锁髓内钉在股骨干骨折翻修术中的疗效。方法：21例股骨干骨折翻修手术。使用带锁髓内钉固定，均扩髓，14例行自体植骨，17例在远端瞄准器下锁钉。4例采用徒手瞄准法。结果：1例手术中出现骨质劈裂，1例术后发现远端交锁失败。1例术后出现深部血肿，1例并发浅表感染。2例术后膝关节功能欠佳。行手法松解。1例术后改为动力型固定。平均随诊1年3个月，21例骨折均愈合，无髓内钉下沉及折钉等现象。结论：带锁髓内钉是股骨干骨折翻修术的较理想方法。     

85例下肢长骨干骨折小切口扩髓带锁髓内钉治疗随访

[目的]评价扩髓带锁髓内钉治疗下肢长骨干骨折的临床疗效。[方法]均采用国产带瞄准器交锁髓内钉，股骨干33例，股骨髁上7例，胫骨45例。闭合骨折按AO分型：A型18例，B型38例，C型19例。开放骨折10例（GustiloⅠ型7例，GustiloⅡ型3例）。以小切口开放复位，顺行扩髓并静力锁钉固定。[结果]平均随访时间12个月（8～24个月），骨折均骨性愈合，平均愈合时间为5个月（3～12个月）。术后无急性感染和深部感染发生，无断钉及脂肪栓塞等并发症，邻近关节功能恢复好。[结论]小切口开放复位、扩髓、静力锁钉治疗下肢新鲜长骨干骨折，骨折愈合快，早期活动和功能恢复满意。无断钉、骨折再移位、感染率明显升高等优点，是治疗下肢长骨干骨折较好的方法。     

交锁髓内钉治疗下肢骨干骨折的近期疗效观察

目的：探讨使用交锁髓内钉治疗下肢骨干骨折的临床经验。方法：对2000年12月－2001年12月使用交锁髓内钉治疗的35例下肢骨干骨折进行回顾性分析。手术采用闭合或开放复位，髓内钉固定，用瞄准器安放锁钉锁定骨折远近端。结果：X线复查，锁钉全部正确锁入，骨折解剖复位，平均随访8个月，关节功能恢复优良，无锁钉松脱，无髓内钉断钉。结论：交锁髓内钉治疗下肢骨干骨折近期疗效满意，操作简便，符合微创治疗治疗骨折的理念，值得推广应用。     

329例股骨干骨折带锁髓内钉内固定术并发症及处理对策

目的通过对5年所行329例股骨带锁髓内钉治疗股骨干骨折分析，探讨术后并发症及相应处理对策。方法对329例股骨干骨折患者行带锁髓内钉内固定术，其中单纯股骨干骨折294例、股骨干骨折合并转子下骨折35例。结果远端锁钉失败2l例(其中2枚远端锁钉均未锁上1例、1枚远端锁钉未锁上12例、锁钉松动退出5例、断1枚锁钉3例)，骨折端劈裂5例，骨折延迟愈合12例，骨不连3例．膝关节屈曲受限23例．断主钉1例。结论扩髓型带锁髓内钉治疗股骨干骨折，疗效肯定，但需注意术前选钉合理、术中操作规范、术后康复及时、科学。     

交锁髓内钉治疗股骨干骨折及相关问题探讨(附106例报告)

目的：探讨使用交锁髓内钉治疗股骨干骨折的最佳手术方式选择。方法：对1998年6月～2002年10月使用交锁髓内钉治疗106例(118肢)股骨干骨折的疗效进行回顾性分析。手术采用闭合或小切口开放复位，用三维瞄准器锁定骨折远、近端。结果：平均随访14．4个月，肢体、关节功能恢复优良率95．3％，一期骨折愈合率94．0％，平均骨临床愈合时间5．7个月。2例软组织感染，感染率1．9％，2例髓内钉断裂。结论：交锁髓内钉治疗股骨干骨折应常规闭合复位、扩髓、静力固定，不强求解剖复位，本组取得了满意疗效，认为是目前治疗股骨干骨折的首选方法。     

带远端瞄准器的带锁髓内钉治疗股骨中下段骨折

带锁髓内钉治疗长骨干骨折因其切口小，组织损伤轻，已作为长骨干骨折内固定的首选。本科自2002年1月采用江苏常州南翔医疗器械厂生产的带有远端瞄准器的带锁髓内钉通过小切口半开放复位治疗股骨干中下段骨折45例，取得较好效果。     

维生素D受体在糖尿病肾病足细胞损伤及蛋白尿缓解中的作用

目的探讨维生素D受体(VDR)在糖尿病肾病(DKD)足细胞中的表达水平及在足细胞损伤及蛋白尿缓解中的作用。方法(1)本研究纳入了65例诊断患有2型糖尿病(伴或不伴蛋白尿)的患者,并纳入了25例年龄和性别相匹配的健康体检者为对照组。根据白蛋白/肌酐(ACR)的尿排泄比例对2型糖尿病患者进行分组,分别为无蛋白尿(ACR<30 mg/g,n=24)、微量白蛋白尿(ACR 30~300 mg/g,n=18)和临床蛋白尿(ACR>300 mg/g,n=23)。另选择25例经肾活检确诊的DKD患者作为DKD组。正常肾脏组织标本均取自泌尿外科同一时期肾脏肿瘤切除患者10例。将各组检测指标进行对比,同时采用实时定量PCR、ELISA法和免疫组化法检测VDR在各组患者的血液、尿液样本和肾脏组织中的表达情况,以及使用Pearson相关分析分析VDR与尿蛋白的相关性。(2)在2型糖尿病肾病小鼠模型中对上述结果进行验证,将遗传背景均为C57BLKs/J的雄性db/db小鼠及同窝出生的db/m小鼠,随机分为正常对照组(A组)、DKD对照组(B组)、DKD二甲基亚砜处理组(C组)、DKD帕立骨化醇(VDR激动剂)处理组(D组),C、D组连续腹腔注射处理8周,对照组不做任何处理。小鼠10周龄时开始连续干预8周,在小鼠22周龄(开始干预后12周)检测各组小鼠体重、血、尿生化指标对比;Western印迹法检测β⁃catenin、VDR的变化;免疫荧光观察足细胞标志蛋白podocin及足细胞损伤蛋白α⁃SMA的表达变化。结果(1)与正常健康对照组相比,无蛋白尿组、微量白蛋白尿组和临床蛋白尿组的糖尿病患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平均较低(均P<0.05);与无蛋白尿组的糖尿病患者相比,微量白蛋白尿组和临床蛋白尿组的糖尿病患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平均较低(均P<0.05)。(2)与正常健康对照组相比,无蛋白尿糖尿病组和DKD组患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平均较低(均P<0.05);与无蛋白尿糖尿病组患者相比,DKD组患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平亦较低(均P<0.05)。(3)免疫组化结果显示,DKD组肾组织中VDR的表达明显少于正常对照组。(4)DKD患者血浆中VDR mRNA相对水平与ACR呈负相关(r=-0.342,P<0.05)。(5)各组尿液上清液中VDR的水平与血浆中的水平呈相反趋势。(6)Western印迹结果显示,B组、C组肾小球足细胞β⁃catenin蛋白表达高于D组(均P<0.05),VDR蛋白的表达低于D组(均P<0.05);免疫荧光结果显示,B组、C组肾小球足细胞podocin的表达低于D组(均P<0.05),α⁃SMA的表达高于D组(均P<0.05)。结论VDR高表达缓解DKD足细胞损伤及蛋白尿。     

Anterior Interosseous Nerve Palsy After Shoulder Arthroscopy Treated With Surgical Decompression: A Case Series and Systematic Review of the Literature

Background: Anterior interosseous nerve (AIN) palsy is a very uncommon cause of upper extremity pain and weakness that comprises less than 1% of all upper extremity nerve palsies. Rarely reported but also mentioned in the literature is AIN palsy after shoulder arthroscopy. Methods: A systematic review of the literature to date using PubMed was conducted to identify patients who suffered AIN palsy after shoulder arthroscopy procedures. Articles included met the following criteria: (1) published in English; (2) primary presentation of the data; (3) patients had undergone shoulder arthroscopy before developing symptoms of AIN palsy; and (4) diagnosis was confirmed with clinical symptoms of AIN palsy. Measured outcomes included patient demographics, specific shoulder procedure, anesthesia procedure, intra-operative patient positioning, intra-operative compressive dressing, intra-operative traction, surgical versus conservative treatment, abnormal findings during decompression procedure, proposed mechanism of injury, and follow-up. Results: The search yielded 6 articles, of which 4 (13 cases) met inclusion criteria. An additional 2 cases were included in this report totaling 15 cases. The average patient age was 49 years (range: 31-64) with 73% males. At average follow-up of 24 months, 67% of patients experienced complete resolution of symptoms—more than half of which underwent surgical decompression. Patients who failed to progress experienced weakness of the flexor digitorum profundus and flexor pollicis longus muscles. Conclusions: Proposed injury mechanisms for AIN palsy after shoulder arthroscopy range from mechanical trauma, compressive hematoma, and direct anesthetic neurotoxicity. Management should be directed by clinical symptoms, imaging, and patient factors with majority of patients expected to have excellent clinical outcomes.     

不同尿钙水平的Gitelman综合征患者临床特点比较

目的观察不同尿钙水平Gitelman综合征(GS)患者的临床特点,探讨尿钙在GS疾病临床分型中的价值。方法收集2016—2018年来自中国国家罕见病注册系统(NRSC)、在北京协和医院行SLC12A3基因检测诊断为GS患者的临床资料,分析其尿钙特点,比较不同尿钙水平患者的临床和实验室检查指标。氢氯噻嗪试验按照标准操作流程进行,测定患者基线和用药后3 h内氯离子排泄分数改变量的最大值(ΔFECl)。结果共有83例GS患者被纳入研究,其中低尿钙患者53例(63.86%)。低尿钙组尿钙/肌酐比明显低于非低尿钙组[(0.085±0.058)mmol/mmol比(0.471±0.284)mmol/mmol,t=7.349,P<0.001]。两组患者在年龄、性别、估算肾小球滤过率、血压、血尿电解质水平、代谢性碱中毒方面差异均无统计学意义。低尿钙组患者乏力(χ2=4.595,P=0.032)及多尿(χ2=5.778,P=0.016)发生比例低于非低尿钙组,两组患者在其他临床症状方面差异无统计学意义。低尿钙和非低尿钙组各有16例患者行氢氯噻嗪试验,中位ΔFECl结果分别为0.539%(0.430%,1.283%)和0.829%(0.119%,1.298%),均提示对氢氯噻嗪无反应,组间差异无统计学意义(U=130.000,P=0.956)。结论GS患者中低尿钙比例为63.86%,尿钙水平与疾病临床表型、NCC功能损伤严重程度之间均无明确相关性。     

Fibrinogen-thrombin collagen patch reinforcement of highrisk colonic anastomoses in rats

AIM To evaluate the effectiveness of human fibrinogenthrombin collagen patch(TachoSil~?) in the reinforcement of high-risk colon anastomoses.METHODS A quasi-experimental study was conducted in Wistar rats(n = 56) that all underwent high-risk anastomoses(anastomosis with only two sutures) after colectomies. The rats were divided into two randomized groups: Control group(24 rats) and treatment group(24 rats). In the treatment group, high-risk anastomosis was reinforced with TachoSil~? (a piece of Tacho Sil? was applied over this high-risk anastomosis, covering the gap). Leak incidence, overall survival, intra-abdominal adhesions, and histologic healing of anastomoses were analyzed. Survivors were divided into two subgroups and euthanized at 15 and 30 d after intervention in order to analyze the adhesions and histologic changes. RESULTS Overall survival was 71.4% and 57.14% in the TachoSil~? group and control group, respectively(P = 0.29); four rats died from other causes and six rats in the treatment group and 10 in the control group experienced colonic leakage(P 0.05). The intra-abdominal adhesion score was similar in both groups, with no differences between subgroups. We found non-significant differences in the healing process according to the histologic score used in both groups(P = 0.066).CONCLUSION In our study, the use of TachoSil~? was associated with a non-statistically significant reduction in the rate of leakage in high-risk anastomoses. TachoSil~? has been shown to be a safe product because it does not affect the histologic healing process or increase intra-abdominal adhesions.     

Role of Conventional and Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Spinal Treatment Protocol for Hydatid Disease

Objective:

To demonstrate the role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in determining the treatment protocol for hydatid disease of the spine.

Design:

Case report; literature review.

Findings:

Diffusion-weighted MRI can help differentiate complicated infected hydatidosis from abscesses, epidermoid cysts from arachnoid cysts, and benign from malignant vertebral compression fractures. It is also helpful in differentiating between abscesses and necrotic tumors.

Conclusion:

Diffusion-weighted MRI can help differentiate between infections requiring immediate surgery and those that can be treated medically with antihelmintic treatment.     

Fluorescence in the Sclera,Nails, and Teeth Secondary to Favipiravir Use for COVID-19 Infections

Favipiravir, an antiviral agent originally used for influenza infections, has become popular due to its beneficial signals in coronavirus disease. It is currently used in some countries within COVID-19 treatment protocols. This is an initial report of favipiravir-related fluorescence observed in three healthcare providers working in the same ward in our hospital. All three individuals had been diagnosed with COVID-19 two months earlier and were treated with favipiravir. None of the three individuals received hydroxychloroquine or tetracyclines. Wood’s light examination led to an incidental discovery of favipiravir-induced fluorescence involving the sclera, nails, and teeth. In all patients, white linear, square, and band-like specks of fluorescence were noticed on the sclera of both eyes, some teeth, and the proximal part of all fingernails and toenails. Exposure of the eyes to the Wood’s light was for a brief duration of 3 to 5 seconds during examination and photodocumentation. Favipiravir might cause bright white fluorescence of nails, sclera, and teeth, detectable by Wood’s light even two months after its cessation.     

Safety and tolerability of single intravenous doses of sugammadex administered simultaneously with rocuronium or vecuronium in healthy volunteers

BACKGROUND: Sugammadex rapidly reverses rocuronium- and vecuronium-induced neuromuscular block. To investigate the effect of combination of sugammadex and rocuronium or vecuronium on QT interval, it would be preferable to avoid the interference of anaesthesia. Therefore, this pilot study was performed to investigate the safety, tolerability, and plasma pharmacokinetics of single i.v. doses of sugammadex administered simultaneously with rocuronium or vecuronium to anaesthetized and non-anaesthetized healthy volunteers. METHODS: In this phase I study, 12 subjects were anaesthetized with propofol/remifentanil and received sugammadex 16, 20, or 32 mg kg(-1) combined with rocuronium 1.2 mg kg(-1) or vecuronium 0.1 mg kg(-1); four subjects were not anaesthetized and received sugammadex 32 mg kg(-1) with rocuronium 1.2 mg kg(-1) or vecuronium 0.1 mg kg(-1) (n=2 per treatment). Neuromuscular function was assessed by TOF-Watch SX monitoring in anaesthetized subjects and by clinical tests in non-anaesthetized volunteers. Sugammadex, rocuronium, and vecuronium plasma concentrations were measured at several time points. RESULTS: No serious adverse events (AEs) were reported. Fourteen subjects reported 23 AEs after study drug administration. Episodes of mild headache, tiredness, cold feeling (application site), dry mouth, oral discomfort, nausea, increased aspartate aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyltransferase levels, and moderate injection site irritation were considered as possibly related to the study drug. The ECG and vital signs showed no clinically relevant changes. Rocuronium/vecuronium plasma concentrations declined faster than those of sugammadex. CONCLUSIONS: Single-dose administration of sugammadex 16, 20, or 32 mg kg(-1) in combination with rocuronium 1.2 mg kg(-1) or vecuronium 0.1 mg kg(-1) was well tolerated with no clinical evidence of residual neuromuscular block, confirming that these combinations can safely be administered simultaneously to non-anaesthetized subjects. Rocuronium and vecuronium plasma concentrations decreased faster than those of sugammadex, reducing the theoretical risk of neuromuscular block developing over time.     

血浆凝血因子VIII水平与IgA肾病患者临床病理改变及预后的关系

目的探讨血浆凝血因子VIII(factor VIII,FVIII)水平与IgA肾病(IgAN)患者临床参数及预后的关系。方法收集2016年1月至2016年12月中南大学湘雅二医院确诊的IgAN患者的临床资料。按照时间依赖的受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)得出的血浆FVIII预测IgAN预后的临界值,将患者分为高FVIII组(FVIII>140.50%)和低FVIII组(FVIII≤140.50%),比较两组患者肾活检时基线临床参数的差异。以估算肾小球滤过率(eGFR)下降≥30%或进入终末期肾脏病(ESRD)为终点事件,采用Kaplan-Meier生存曲线及Cox回归方程法分析血浆FVIII水平对IgAN患者预后的影响。结果共93例IgAN患者纳入本研究,中位随访时间为35.15(33.77,36.76)个月,12例(12.90%)患者发生终点事件。高FVIII组患者年龄、血肌酐、尿素氮、血三酰甘油、血总胆固醇、血浆纤维蛋白原、D-二聚体、24 h尿蛋白量、蛋白C、蛋白S和eGFR下降速率高于低FVIII组(均P<0.05);eGFR、血白蛋白、中位随访时间低于低FVIII组(均P<0.05)。Kaplan-Meier生存分析结果显示,与低FVIII组比较,高FVIII组患者肾脏累积生存率降低(χ2=5.635,P=0.018)。在校正收缩压、eGFR、尿蛋白、肾小管萎缩/间质纤维化程度等因素后,多因素Cox回归分析结果显示,高血浆FVIII水平是IgAN患者肾脏预后不良的独立危险因素(HR=4.147,95%CI 1.055~16.308,P=0.042)。结论血浆FVIII水平与IgAN患者临床指标及预后相关,高血浆FVIII水平是IgAN患者肾脏预后不良的独立危险因素。     

罗伊适应模式对腹股沟疝无张力疝修补术后恢复情况的影响

目的探讨罗伊适应模式对患者腹股沟疝无张力疝修补术后恢复情况的影响。 方法将2016年1月至2019年5月在秦皇岛市第二医院择期进行无张力修补术治疗的120例腹股沟疝患者，按照随机数字法分为对照组和观察组，每组各60例。对照组采用常规护理治疗，观察组在对照组的基础上采用罗伊适应模式。比较2组患者的术后临床指标、心理状态、围手术期并发症发生情况及满意度。 结果术后观察组患者的首次排气时间、恢复正常饮食时间、离床活动时间和术后住院时间均低于对照组（P<0.05）；术后观察组患者的抑郁自评量表（SDS）和焦虑自评量表（SAS）评分显著低于对照组（P<0.05）；术后2组患者均无切口感染发生，2组患者尿潴留、急性疼痛、认知功能障碍、发热、血肿等发生率相比无统计学差异（P>0.05）；术后观察组患者护理满意度为96.67%，显著高于对照组的83.33%（P<0.05）。 结论在常规护理的基础上，罗伊适应模式用于患者腹股沟疝无张力修补围手术期，能有效改善术后患者的焦虑/抑郁情绪，不增加围手术期并发症，促进术后患者的恢复及提高治疗满意度。     

Factors Associated With Reoperation After Silicone Proximal Interphalangeal Joint Arthroplasty

Background: Silicone proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint arthroplasty has a high revision rate. It has been suggested that persistent ulnar deviation and joint instability influence the durability of PIP silicone arthroplasties. The goal of this study was to evaluate what factors are associated with reoperation after silicone PIP arthroplasty. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated all adult patients who underwent PIP silicone arthroplasty between 2002 and 2016 at one institutional system for inflammatory-, posttraumatic-, and primary degenerative arthritis. After manual chart review, we included 91 patients who underwent 114 arthroplasties. Fingers operated included 14 index, 41 middle, 38 ring, and 21 small fingers. Results: The overall reoperation rate was 14% (n = 16). Non-Caucasian race (P = .040), smoking (P = .022) and PIP silicone arthroplasty for post-traumatic osteoarthritis (P = .021) were associated with reoperation. The 1-, 5- and 10-year implant survival rates were 87%, 85%, and 85%, respectively. Conclusion: Caution should be exercised when considering PIP silicone arthroplasty of the index finger or in patients with post-traumatic osteoarthritis. It may be worthwhile addressing smoking behavior before pursuing silicone PIP arthroplasty.