痰热清注射液治疗手足口病疗效观察

目的 观察痰热清注射液治疗手足口病的临床疗效.方法选取80例手足口病患儿随机分为治疗组和对照组,治疗组静滴痰热清注射液0.6-0.8ml/kg·d,对照组静滴病毒唑10-15mg/kg·d,5天为一疗程.结果治疗组和对照组有效率分别为97.5%和80.0%,有显著差异性(P＜0.05),治疗组在缓解发热、疱疹结痂及消退时间、开始进食时间、痊愈时间等方面均较对照组明显缩短.结论痰热清注射液治疗手足口病疗效较好,无明显不良反应.     

单硝酸异山梨酯注射液治疗心绞痛的临床观察

目的 观察单硝酸异山梨酯注射液治疗心绞痛临床观察疗效.方法 73例冠心病心绞痛患者随机分为两组,两组均予以常规治疗.对照组30例以硝酸甘油10mg加入5%葡萄糖注射液500ml内静脉滴注,1次/d;治疗组43例以单硝酸异山梨酯注射液20～40mg加入5%葡萄糖注射液250～500ml内静脉滴注,1次/d.两组均以14d为一疗程.结果 治疗组总有效率为88.4%,与对照组66.7%比较,疗效显著.心电图均优于对照组(P<0.05).结论 单硝酸异山梨酯注射液治疗心绞痛疗效良好.     

单硝酸异山梨酯合用葛根素注射液治疗肺源性心脏病心力衰竭72例

目的探讨单硝酸异山梨酯合用葛根素注射液治疗肺源性心脏痛心力衰竭的临床疗效。方法将112例肺源性心脏病心力衰竭病人随机分成治疗组72例,对照组40例。治疗组在常规治疗基础上给于单硝酸异山梨酯25mg加入0．9％生理盐水250ml及葛根素注射液400mg加入5％葡萄糖250ml静滴每日一次,15d为一个疗程。对照组常规治疗基础上单用单硝酸异山梨酯25mg加入0．9％生理盐水250ml静滴每日一次15天为一个疗效。或葛根素400mg加入5％葡萄糖液250ml静滴每日一次连用15d一疗程。治疗前后分别进行心肺功能的评价。结果治疗组总有效率为91．7％,对照组总有效率为70％。结论应用单硝酸异山梨酯合用葛根素治疗肺源心脏病（肺心痛）心力衰竭,与同期单用单硝酸异山梨酯或葛根素相比较．疗效较好报告如下。     

痰热清对肺癌开胸术后肺部感染的临床观察

目的观察痰热清注射液治疗肺癌开胸术后肺部感染的临床疗效。方法将肺癌术后痰潴留肺部感染的患者70例随机分为两组。治疗组给予痰热清注射液,同时给予氧哌嗪青霉素治疗,对照组给予盐酸溴己新注射液与氧哌嗪青霉素静滴,均治疗7d。在治疗前后均做血常规、X线胸片检查,进行疗效评价。结果治疗组总有效率91.42%,对照组总有效率77.14%。结论痰热清注射液对肺癌术后痰潴留导致的肺部感染治疗效果显著,疗效确切,无明显毒副作用。     

岩舒注射液在中晚期大肠癌化疗中的辅助作用

目的 观察岩舒注射液在中晚期大肠癌化疗中的辅助作用.方法 64例中晚期大肠癌患者随机分为化疗组(对照组)和化疗联合岩舒组(试验组),其中试验组32例奥沙利铂130mg/m2+5%GS250ml静滴,d1;亚叶酸钙(CF)100mg+5%GS250ml静滴,d1～d5;氟尿嘧啶0.5g(5-Fu)+5%GS250ml静滴,d1～d5.化疗当天给予岩舒注射液40ml+5%GS250ml静滴,d1～d20.常规给予5-HT3受体抑制剂止吐,21天为1周期.对照组32例,化疗方法同治疗组.结果 试验组有效率为65.6%,对照组有效率为40.6%,治疗组有效率明显高于对照组,差异有显著意义(P＜0.05);对照组白细胞减少为78.1%,高于试验组的62.5%.结论 岩舒注射液联合化疗可显著提高化疗疗效,增强机体免疫功能,改善患者的生存质量,并可降低化疗药物对骨髓的抑制作用.     

苦参碱注射液治疗乙型肝炎的临床评价

目的 观察苦参碱注射液治疗乙型肝炎的疗效.方法 治疗组予以苦参碱注射液250ml静滴,每日一次.对照组予以苦黄注射液30ml加入5%葡萄糖液250ml静滴,每日一次.疗程均为四周.结果 急性乙型肝炎治疗组退黄降酶效果均优于对照组(P<0.05),有效率高(P<0.05);慢性乙型肝炎治疗组退黄降酶效果均优于对照组(P<0.05),降酶效果无明显差异(P>0.05).结论 苦参碱注射液治疗肝炎安全有效,尤其对急性肝炎疗效好.     

苦参碱注射液联合门冬氨酸-鸟氨酸治疗慢性乙型肝炎高胆红素血症48例临床观察

目的观察苦参碱注射液联合门冬氨酸-鸟氨酸治疗慢性乙型肝炎高胆红素血症临床应用。方法治疗组患者用苦参碱注射液400mg肌注,门冬氨酸-鸟氨酸5-10加入10％葡萄糖注射液250ml,每天均一次,4周一个疗程。对照组患者用门冬氨酸钾镁30ml加入1（脯葡萄糖注射液250ml静滴,每天一次,4周一个疗程。结果治疗组总有效率明显优于对照组。结论苦参碱注射液联合门冬氨酸-鸟氨酸在改善临床症状和肝功能等方面具有良好的作用。     

鲁南欣康静脉滴注治疗冠心病心绞痛疗效观察

目的 观察鲁南欣康静脉滴注治疗冠心病心绞痛的作用.方法 对168例心绞痛患者随机分成2组,治疗组88例,给予鲁南欣康注射液40mg加入5%葡萄糖溶液250 mL静脉滴注.对照组80例给予硝酸甘油15mg加入5%葡萄糖溶液250 mL静脉滴注.结果 治疗组总有效率96.59%,对照组总有效率92.50%.差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 鲁南欣康注射液静脉滴注治疗冠心痛心绞痛疗效明显.     

丁咯地尔治疗脑梗死的血液流变学观察

目的观察盐酸丁咯地尔注射液对脑梗死患者的血液流变学影响。方法符合第四届全国脑血管病会议制订的诊断标准的脑梗死患者80例 ,随机分为治疗组40例和对照组40例。治疗组用盐酸丁咯地尔注射液150mg加5 %葡萄糖250ml缓慢静滴 ,每日一次。对照组用复方丹参针剂20ml加5%葡萄糖250ml静滴 ,每日1次。连续用14d为一个疗程。治疗前与治疗后检测患者的血液流变学指标 :全血黏度、血浆黏度、红细胞聚集指数、红细胞变形指数。结果治疗组脑梗死患者的血液流变学指标明显改善 ,并有显著性差异P<0.01。结论丁咯地尔注射液通过改善脑梗死患者的血液流变学指标 ,改善微循环 ,从而促进患者临床康复     

痰热清与病毒唑治疗330例急性上呼吸道感染的比较

目的 观察并比较痰热清与病毒唑治疗急性上呼吸道感染疗效及症状缓解方面的差异.方法 330例急性上呼吸道感染的患者随机分为治疗组与对照组,治疗组给予痰热清治疗,对照组给予病毒唑.结果 治疗组在临床症状及体征改善、痊愈时间、显效率等方面显著优于对照组,且无明显不良反应,但在缓解鼻塞及流涕方面疗效不明显.结论 痰热清注射液治疗呼吸童呼吸道感染疗效显著,值得推广,但仍需配合其他药物缓解鼻塞及流涕症状.     

莲必治和利巴韦林联合治疗上呼吸道感染的疗效观察

目的回顾性分析单用莲必治或单用利巴韦林与联合使用莲必治和利巴韦林治疗成人急性病毒性上呼吸道感染的疗效。方法选择符合诊断标准的成人急性上呼吸道病毒感染患者共90例，随机分为利巴韦林组、莲必治组、联用组。利巴韦林组：使用利巴韦林0．4g加入生理盐水250ml中静脉滴注，1次／d；莲必治组：使用莲必治0．5g加入生理盐水250ml中静脉滴注，1次／d；联用莲必治和利巴韦林组：分别将莲必治0．5g和利巴韦林0．4g加入生理盐水250ml中静脉滴注，1次／d。其他治疗措施及方法相同，分析比较单用或联合使用莲必治及利巴韦林对治疗成人急性上呼吸道病毒感染的疗效。结果经治疗后大部分患者病情得到了缓解，但3组病人在治疗的有效性及症状缓解的时间上差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。联用莲必治和利巴韦林组患者退热时间、鼻塞流涕消失时间、咽充血消失时间、咳嗽消失时间均比莲必治组或利巴韦林组短；治疗的有效性也明显高于单用莲必治组或利巴韦林组。结论联合使用莲必治和利巴韦林对成人急性病毒性上呼吸道感染的治疗效果良好。     

Protective effects of nigella sativa against gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats

The aim of this study was focused on investigating the possible protective effect of NS against GS-induced nephrotoxicity. Twenty four Wistar-albino rats were divided into four equal groups as follows: control group, GS group (100 mg/kg intraperitoneal – i.p.), NSL+GS group (0.2 ml/kg+100 mg/kg i.p.) and NSH+GS group (0.4 ml/kg+100 mg/kg i.p.). Plasma creatinine and urea levels significantly increased as a result of nephrotoxicity in the GS group. Also, creatinine and urea levels significantly decreased in NSL+GS and NSH+GS groups. In the GS group, plasma MDA and NO levels increased significantly (p<0.05) and erythrocyte SOD and GSH-Px activities decreased significantly (p<0.05) when compared with control group. NS administration with GS injection resulted in significantly decreased MDA and NO generation and increased SOD and GSH-Px activities when compared with GS group. Proximal tubular necrosis, vacuolation, desquamation and degeneration in epithelial cells of the proximal tubules, hyaline casts in tubular lumen, mononuclear cell infiltration, glomerular and basement membrane alterations were histopathologically detected in the kidneys of the GS group. Co-treatments with NS (low and high dose) considerably decreased the renal damage when compared with the GS group. In conclusion, NS acts in the kidney as a potent scavenger of free radicals to prevent the toxic effects of GS both in the biochemical and histopathological parameters.     

A Biochemical and Histopathologic Study Showing Protection and Treatment of Gentamicin-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Rabbits Using Vitamin C

Gentamicin and vitamin C have been proposed as nephrotoxic and antioxidant, respectively. This study involved biochemical and histopathologic investigation showing protection and treatment of gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rabbits using vitamin C for 26 days hypothesizing that whether vitamin C would inhibit or decrease the raised serum urea and creatinine levels. This study was conducted on 25 healthy male albino rabbits (average weight 1.5±0.2 kg), classified into 5 groups: group A, B, C, D and E for nephrocurative (study-I) and nephroprotective (study-II) studies. Control group of rabbits (group A) received only the vehicle of gentamicin ampoule. In study-I, gentamicin sulphate (GS 80 mg/kg, i.m.) was administered to group B and C rabbits for ten days, then group C rabbits received vitamin C 250 mg/Kg for remaining 16 days. Group D and E received GS 80 mg/kg and GS 80 mg/kg i.m.-vitamin C 250 mg/kg orally, respectively during whole period (26 days) of study-II. After 26 days, various biochemical parameters, i.e. serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and serum antioxidant activity, and histopathologic investigations were made. Nephrotoxicity was observed in rabbit groups B, C and D as evident from significant (p<0.05) high levels of serum creatinine and BUN and low serum antioxidant levels as compared to the levels of control group. Decrease in the levels of serum creatinine and BUN along with the increase in serum antioxidant activity was observed after vitamin C treatment in group C. While, renal-protective role of vitamin C was seen in group E as compared to the control. In conclusion, Gentamicin induced nephrotoxicity can be attenuated or treated using vitamin C.     

肝硬化上消化道出血输液护理方式的探讨

目的:探讨肝硬化上消化道出血治疗中输液护理的更好方式。方法:将83例肝硬化上消化道出血患者随机分为实验组44例,对照组39例。对照组按常规依次输完每一组液体,生长抑素另建通路250ug静脉推注后,以250ug/h速度持续点滴4-6d。实验组分三期采用不同的输液方式:急性出血期用快速输液方式;血压稳定期用稳定的输液方式;药物维持期用慢速输液方式。生长抑素250ug静脉推注后,用微量输液泵以250ug/h持续泵入4-6d;观察24、48、72h有效止血率,出血复发率和肝腹水诱发率。结果:实验组有效止血率高于对照组,出血复发率及肝腹水诱发率低于对照组,两组间差异有统计学意义(p0.05)。结论:本实验采用的输液护理方式应用效果优于对照组。     

Human metapneumovirus infection in hospital referred South African children

Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) was first described in Dutch children with acute respiratory symptoms. A prospective analysis of the epidemiology, clinical manifestation, and seroprevalence of hMPV and other respiratory viruses in South African children referred to hospital for upper or lower respiratory tract infection were carried out during a single winter season, by using RT-PCR, viral culture, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. In nasopharyngeal aspirates from 137 children, hMPV was detected by RT-PCR in 8 (5.8%) children (2-43 months of age) as a sole viral pathogen, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in 21 (15%), influenza A virus in 18 (13%) and influenza B virus in 20 (15%). Pneumonia was diagnosed in seven children and upper respiratory tract infection in one of the hMPV-infected children. One hMPV-infected child was admitted to the intensive care unit in need of mechanical ventilation and one child was infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). No statistically significant differences were found between hMPV, RSV, and influenza virus infected groups with regard to clinical signs and symptoms and chest radiograph findings. The seropositive rate of hMPV specific IgG antibodies was 92% in children aged 24-36 months, the oldest seronegative child in our study was 7 years and 6 months of age. In conclusion, hMPV contributes to upper and lower respiratory tract morbidity in South African children.     

Beneficial effect of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) on glomerulosclerosis rats via the down-regulation of the expression of α-smooth muscle actin: A comparative study between ATRA and benazepril

Although ATRA is a potent renoprotective agent, relatively little is known regarding the mechanisms of its action. The present study was designed to further elucidate the mechanisms of ATRA's action to GS rats and compare that with the beneficial effect of benazepril. Male SD rats weighting 160 to 200 g were used in this study. GS was induced by unilateral nephrectomy and intravenous injection of adriamycin (6 mg/kg). They were divided randomly 20 ones per group into GS group, GS treated with ATRA (20 mg/kg/day) group, and GS treated with benazepril (10 mg/kg/day) group. The other 20 ones were taken as sham-operation group, injected normal saline into caudal vein. 12 weeks later, all rats were subjected to sacrifice. As expected, the GS group exhibited significant lower serum TP and Alb, and higher BUN, Cr and proteinuria than those of the sham group. Administration of ATRA or benazepril did ameliorate these above disorders of biochemical parameters in GS rats. Extensive renal damage was observed in the GS group, such as mononuclear infiltration, mesangial proliferation, focal segment glomerular sclerosis, and tubulointerstitial fibrosis. The pathological changes in both ATRA and benazepril group were alleviated remarkably. Semiquantitative GSI was used to evaluate the degree of GS in all groups. GSI was significantly higher in the GS group than in sham group. GSI decreased from 21.9 ± 6.7 in the GS group to 6.9 ± 2.8 in the ATRA group and 7.0 ± 2.7 in benazepril group respectively. However, no significant difference in GSI between rats treated with ATRA and rats treated with benazepril was found. RT-PCR analysis revealed the renal expression of α-SMA mRNA was induced substantially in GS group as compared to sham group, which could be offset completely by ATRA or benazepril administration. However, expression level of α-SMA mRNA in GS rats treated with ATRA was identical to that in GS rats treated with benazepril. We also examined immunohistochemical staining for renal α-SMA, TGF-β1, Col IV, and FN in this model. Weak staining was observed in some glomerulus, mesangial cells, and tubular interstitium of sham rats. Staining was markedly enhanced in the majority of glomerulus, mesangial cells, and tubular interstitium of untreated GS rats. Compared with untreated GS animals, intensity and extent of staining for renal α-SMA, TGF-β1, Col IV, and FN were markedly reduced in glomerulus, mesangial cells, and tubular interstitium of GS rats treated with either ATRA or benazepril. However, no significant differences existed between ATRA and benazepril with respect to the glomerular and tubulointerstitial staining scores. Interestingly, our data documented some differences of therapeutic capacities between ATRA and benazepril. In comparison with benazepril, ATRA exerted no improvement in hypoproteinemia, but more significant decrease in serum Cr level in GS rats. The reasons leading to these variations are unclear. Whatever they are, the properties of down-regulate inflammatory/proliferative programs may make ATRA an attractive potential candidate for future therapeutic use in kidney disease.     

Prevention of propofol injection pain in children: a comparison of pretreatment with tramadol and propofol-lidocaine mixture

Background: The pain on propofol injection is considered to be a common and difficult to eliminate problem in children. In this study, we aimed to compare the efficacy of pretreatment with tramadol 1 mg.kg(-1)and propofol-lidocaine 20 mg mixture for prevention of propofol induced pain in children.Methods: One hundred and twenty ASA I-II patients undergoing orthopedic and otolaryngological surgery were included in this study and were divided into three groups with random table numbers. Group C (n=39) received normal saline placebo and Group T (n=40) received 1 mg.kg(-1) tramadol 60 sec before propofol (180 mg 1% propofol with 2 ml normal saline) whereas Group L (n=40) received normal saline placebo before propofol-lidocaine mixture (180 mg 1% propofol with 2 ml %1 lidocaine). One patient in Group C was dropped out from the study because of difficulty in inserting an iv cannula. Thus, one hundred and nineteen patients were analyzed for the study. After given the calculated dose of propofol, a blinded observer assessed the pain with a four-point behavioral scale.Results: There were no significant differences in patient characteristics and intraoperative variables (p>0.05) except intraoperative fentanyl consumption and analgesic requirement one hr after surgery among the groups (p<0.05). Both tramadol 1 mg.kg(-1) and lidocaine 20 mg mixture significantly reduced propofol pain when compared with control group. Moderate and severe pain were found higher in control group (p<0.05). The incidence of overall pain was 79.4% in the control group, 35% in tramadol group, 25% in lidocaine group respectively (p<0.001).Conclusions: Pretreatment with tramadol 60 sec before propofol injection and propofol-lidocaine mixture were significantly reduced propofol injection pain when compared to placebo in children.     

思密达治疗小儿秋季腹泻的临床效果

目的：研究思密达治疗小儿秋季腹泻的临床疗效。方法：将小儿秋季腹泻病儿分为治疗组和对照组。对照组采用常规治疗,而治疗组在常规治疗的基础上加用思密达。观察疗效和症状改善情况。结果：治疗组有效率95％。腹泻和脱水等纠正时问短于对照组。结论：在常规治疗的基础上,加用思密达对小儿秋季腹泻有较好的疗效。     

Use of stable isotopic tracers in studies of whole body calcium metabolism

Stable isotopic tracers of calcium have been used to characterize the absorption of dietary calcium and the subsequent distribution of this element through the body. For a group of 7 healthy children, ages 4-14, and 7 children with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), types I, III and IV, ages 6-17, there were no detectable differences in the fractional absorption of dietary calcium, 0.29+/-0.11 and 0.28+/-0.16, respectively. The total exchangeable pool of calcium was found to be 161+/-52 mg/kg for the healthy children and 95+/-29 mg/kg for the 3 children with Type I OI, 250+/-75 mg/kg for the 3 children with Type III OI and 216 mg/kg for the child with Type IV OI.     

胎儿生长受限治疗的临床研究

目的观察复方氨基酸和丹参注射液联合治疗胎儿生长受限（FGR）的临床疗效。方法随机将48例因FGR入院治疗的患者分成2组：观察组25例给予丹参注射液20ml加入5%葡萄糖注射液250ml和复方氨基酸注射液500ml静脉滴注,日1次;对照组23例给予复方氨基酸注射液500ml静脉滴注,日1次;2组均以10天为1疗程,间隔1周后,可再继续下一疗程。治疗期间定期用B型超声监测两组胎儿生长发育参数,产后测量新生儿出生体重。二组进行比较,比较治疗前后宫高增长,胎儿双顶径,股骨长情况及脐血流S/D比值,比较新生儿的出生体重。结果治疗后检查,观察组每周增长：宫高（1.31±0.38）cm、双顶径（2.78±0.60）mm、股骨长（2.22±0.57）mm、脐血流S/D比值（2.32±0.42）、新生儿出生体重（3047±236）g;对照组：宫高（1.12±0.16）cm、双顶径（2.37±0.42）mm、股骨长（1.56±0.41）mm、脐血流S/D比值（2.94±0.58）、新生儿出生体重（2437±279）g。两组间比较,观察组在宫高增长显著高于对照组（P〈0.05）、胎儿双顶径及股骨长增长、新生儿体重均显著高于对照组（P〈0.01）,脐血流S/D比值显著低于对照组（P〈0.01）。结论丹参和氨基酸联合用药较单独应有氨基酸更有效改善子宫胎盘血液供应,及治疗FGR,促进胎儿的生长。