下肢动脉硬化性闭塞症的超声诊断分析(附89例报告)

目的:探讨双功能彩色多普勒超声在诊断下肢动脉硬化症中的应用价值。方法:回顾性地分析了89例下肢动脉硬化性栓塞病例的二维超声图像及彩色多普勒血流显像改变。结果:二维超声图像上表现为病变血管内中膜呈不规则增厚,局部呈强回声斑显示,并向血管腔内突起,血管腔内径呈不规则狭窄,病变段血管腔内可见实性光团充填,彩色多普勒血流显像显示血管腔内未见血流信号显示。结论:双功能超声对下肢动脉硬化闭塞症的诊断具有很高的灵敏性和准确性。     

双功能超声在诊断下肢动脉硬化性闭塞症中的应用(附78例分析)

目的：探讨双功能超声在诊断下肢动脉硬化症中的应用价值。方法：回顾性地分析了78例下肢动脉硬化性栓塞病例的二维超声图像及彩色多普勒血流显像改变。结果：二维超声图像上表现为病变血管内中膜呈不规则增厚，局部呈强回声斑显示，并向血管腔内突起，血管腔内径呈不规则狭窄，病变段血管腔内可见实性光团充填，彩色多普勒血流显像显示血管腔内未见血流信号显示。结论：双功能超声对下肢动脉硬化闭塞症的诊断具有很高的灵敏性和准确性。     

双功能超声在诊断肢体动脉风湿性血管炎的临床应用价值

目的:探讨双功能超声在肢体动脉血管炎诊断中的应用价值及图像表现特征.方法:对417例肢体动脉血管炎患者病例进行分析,并与临床化验结果相结合,通过病变血管与对侧同名血管或相同水平直径相同的动脉血管进行对比检查,观察血管壁改变,测量血管直径及血管腔内血流速度,进行对比分析.结果:417例病例中共检出病变血管538条,血管炎表现各异,共同特征是血管病变呈节段性改变,血管壁正常结构破坏,以血管内膜改变为主,血管可以出现狭窄或者血管腔内血栓形成等超声图像改变.结论:双功能超声在肢体动脉炎的诊断中具有较高的敏感性及特异性,可做为肢体动脉血管炎临床检查的首选方法应用于临床.     

彩色双功能超声在诊断颈内动脉粥样硬化狭窄中的临床应用

目的:探讨彩色双功能超声在颈内动脉粥样硬化狭窄中的临床应用价值。方法:对58例由于动脉粥样硬化导致颈内动脉狭窄的患者进行二维超声及彩色多普勒血流显像检查,并利用脉冲多普勒对动脉血管狭窄处及狭窄前的血流信号进行测量,同时测量颈总动脉的血流速度。结果:通过测量颈内动脉狭窄处收缩期峰值流速和舒张末期血流速度、颈总动脉收缩期峰值流速和舒张末期血流速度,将二者血流速度相比较并进行分析,同时与彩色多普勒血流显像通过狭窄处血管面积的变化所测的狭窄程度相对照,共检出62支颈内动脉狭窄,其中5支颈内动脉血管腔内血栓形成。二者相结合诊断颈内动脉狭窄的灵敏性和准确性分别为96%和94%。结论:彩色双功能超声在颈内动脉狭窄的诊断中具有重要的临床价值。     

多发性大动脉炎外周血管病变的超声诊断

目的:探讨多发性大动脉炎外周血管病变的超声表现,提高对本病的认识.方法:采用美国泰索尼彩色多普勒超声诊断仪,探头频率10MHz,对9例大动脉炎患者外周血管进行二维及彩色多普勒超声检测.结果:9例大动脉炎患者受累血管分布为头臂动脉7例,其中锁骨下动脉7例,颈总动脉6例,腹主动脉2例,肾动脉2例,混合型2例.表现为病变动脉管壁不规则增厚、管腔狭窄或闭塞.根据狭窄程度不同,彩色多普勒呈高速湍流、低速血流及无血流信号.结论:超声诊断多发性大动脉炎外周血管病变有确切的价值,可作为临床诊断多发性大动脉炎的首选方法.     

糖尿病下肢动脉病变的彩色多普勒超声观察

目的:探讨彩色多普勒超声诊断糖尿病下肢动脉病变的价值。材料和方法:应用彩色多普勒超声对76例糖尿病患者(糖尿病组)和30例正常人(对照组)下肢动脉进行检查,观察血管内径、内膜、有无斑块、管腔狭窄或闭塞及血流动力学改变。结果:76例糖尿病患者中有71例下肢动脉有不同程度的硬化,发生率为93.4%;糖尿病组下肢动脉内径、血流速度较对照组明显减少(P<0.01),以足背动脉最明显,腘动脉次之;糖尿病组下肢血管管腔内膜增厚、硬化斑块、狭窄、闭塞的发生率明显高于对照组(P<0.05),其中股动脉斑块发生率最高,足背动脉狭窄发生率最高,闭塞仅见于足背动脉。结论:彩色多普勒超声可显示下肢动脉病变部位、范围、程度,对诊断糖尿病下肢动脉病变有重要价值。     

彩色双功能超声在诊断锁骨下动脉窃血综合征中的临床应用

目的:探讨彩色双功能超声在诊断锁骨下动脉窃血综合症中的临床应用价值。方法:回顾性地分析经彩色双功能超声诊断的67例锁骨下动脉狭窄或闭塞的例,并与MRA、CTA及介入血管造影检查结果进行对比。结果:本组67例中,彩色双功能超声诊断锁骨下动脉窃血综合症准确率为94%,检出率为100%。结论:彩色双功能超声、CTA、MRA及介入血管造影检查在诊断锁骨下动脉窃血综合症的诊断过程中具有较高的临床应用价值,彩色双功能超声以其独特的优势,可作为本病影像学检查方法的首选。     

彩色多普勒超声诊断肝移植术后下腔静脉栓塞及狭窄

目的:探讨彩色多普勒超声诊断肝移植术后下腔静脉栓塞及狭窄的价值.材料和方法:回顾性分析103例成人肝移植术后9例下腔静脉栓塞及狭窄的彩色多普勒超声表现.结果:超声发现下腔静脉栓塞7例,下腔静脉狭窄2例,均经血管造影、磁共振或临床证实.下腔静脉栓塞超声表现为吻合口及下腔静脉内部分或完全被等回声充填,彩色多普勒及频谱多普勒显示充填部分血流信号消失;下腔静脉狭窄的超声表现为吻合口血流紊乱且血流速度加快.结论:多普勒超声在肝移植术后下静脉栓塞及狭窄的诊断中具有重要的价值.     

彩色多普勒血流显像对肠系膜上动脉闭塞性疾病的诊断价值

目的探讨彩色多普勒血流显像诊断肠系膜上动脉闭塞性疾病的临床价值。资料与方法回顾20例经血管造影证实的肠系膜上动脉闭塞性病变的彩色多普勒血流表现,分析血流频谱与管腔狭窄程度的关系。结果本组中完全性闭塞3例,均经超声检出;15例重度狭窄中,超声误诊为闭塞1例,其余14例与血管造影结果相符;2例中度狭窄的病变,超声误判为重度。结论彩色多普勒血流显像能准确诊断肠系膜上动脉闭塞性疾病。     

彩色多普勒超声诊断肝移植术后下腔静脉栓塞及狭窄

目的：探讨彩色多普勒超声诊断肝移植术后下腔静脉栓塞及狭窄的价值。材料和方法：回顾性分析103例成人肝移植术后9例下腔静脉栓塞及狭窄的彩色多普勒超声表现。结果：超声发现下腔静脉栓塞7例，下腔静脉狭窄2例，均经血管造影、磁共振或临床证实。下腔静脉栓塞超声表现为吻合口及下腔静脉内部分或完全被等回声充填，彩色多普勒及频谱多普勒显示充填部分血流信号消失；下腔静脉狭窄的超声表现为吻合口血流紊乱且血流速度加快。结论：多普勒超声在肝移植术后下静脉栓塞及狭窄的诊断中具有重要的价值。     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.