联合桥接修复犬喉返神经缺损

目的：探讨联合桥接修复喉返神经的可行性及特点。方法：选用健康成年杂种犬6只，切断左喉返神经1cm，取同侧离体1.2cm长胸锁乳突肌制成管形桥接，将神经两断端置入桥接内，显微缝合肌膜及神经鞘膜，外包裹静脉封闭。术后分别于1、3、6个月观察声带活动度、喉内肌肌电图及桥接与喉内肌的组织学。结果：①声带活动度：术后1月声带固定，术后3个月声带轻微活动，6个月声带内收良好，外展较差。②肌电图：喉内肌未记录到纤颤电位，环杓侧肌、环杓后肌及甲杓肌的波幅分别恢复到对侧的82％、60％及54％。③组织学：再生神经自近心端通过桥接长入远端同源神经；环杓侧肌无明显萎缩，环杓后肌轻度萎缩，横纹和纵纹结构保存且清晰；声带萎缩不明显。结论：联合桥接有助于喉返神经再生和喉功能恢复，是临床值得探索的方法之一。     

联合桥接修复喉返神经缺损肌电图的观察

【目的】观察联合桥接修复喉返神经缺损的肌电图 ,了解喉内肌神经再支配的情况。【方法】选用健康成年杂种犬 6只 ,切断左喉返神经 1cm ,取同侧游离胸锁乳突肌制成桥接 ,将神经断端分别置入桥接内 ,显微缝合肌膜及神经鞘膜 ,外包静脉封闭。术时及术后 6个月行肌电图检查。【结果】术时实验侧喉内肌记录到纤颤电位 ,术后 6个月喉内肌未测出纤颤电位 ,环杓侧肌、环杓后肌、甲杓肌的波幅分别达正常的 82 %、6 0 %、5 4%。【结论】联合桥接修复喉返神经可使喉内肌获得神经再支配。     

犬膈神经移植支配环杓后肌的实验研究

将6只犬右侧喉返神经主干切断损伤后,用膈神经移植支配环杓后肌。术后10个月,3只犬右声带恢复外展功能,肌电图及组织学证实神经再生,环杓后肌获得神经支配。     

舌下神经袢主支植入声带内收肌的实验研究

10条狗分成神经植入组(Ⅰ组,n=6)和对照组(N组,n=4),切断左侧喉返神经、喉上神经造成单侧喉麻痹模型。Ⅰ组以左侧舌下神经袢主支的分支分别植入同测甲杓肌、环杓侧肌;N组不作神经修复术。5个月后,直接喉镜检查Ⅰ组声带均无明显萎缩;发音时见4条狗术侧声带内收明显,位于正中位,声门闭合无裂隙;2条狗左侧声带固定于声门裂隙位,内收不明显。深吸气时左声带均未见内收现象。N组左侧声带均萎缩,固定于旁正中位。Ⅰ组发音恢复正常,N组声嘶音调低。自发肌电图检查示     

喉返神经端端吻合术疗效的评价研究

目的 :评价喉返神经端端吻合术的疗效。方法 :15只SD大鼠被分为二组 ,实验组 (10只 )为喉返神经端端吻合组 ,切断右侧喉返神经后立即行神经端端吻合。正常组 (5只 )仅暴露喉返神经后不再做其他处理。术后 1、3个月利用神经肌电图评价神经再生情况 ,利用纤维喉镜观察声带活动情况。结果 :术后 1、3个月 ,实验组神经肌电图显示再生神经的潜伏期及振幅与正常组相比无显著性差异 (P>0 0 5 )。术后 1个月 ,纤维喉镜检查发现 1只声带恢复正常运动 ,6只声带中度活动 ,2只声带轻度活动 ,1只声带固定不动。术后 3个月 ,纤维喉镜检查发现 1只声带恢复正常运动 ,7只声带中度活动 ,1只声带轻度活动 ,1只声带出现矛盾运动。结论 :该术式是修复喉返神经损伤较为实用的方法之一。神经肌电位出现的时间早于声带活动 ,即先有神经肌电位出现 ,然后才望出现声带活动。神经肌电图正常并不意味着声带活动正常 ,评价喉返神经修复手术效果最可靠的标准是纤维喉镜检查。     

喉返神经端端吻合术疗效的评价研究

目的：评价喉返神经端端吻合术的疗效。方法：15只SD大鼠被分为二组，实验组（10只）为喉返神经端端吻合组，切断右侧喉返神经后立即行神经端端吻合。正常组（5只）仅暴露喉返神经后不再做其他处理。术后1、3个月利用神经肌电图评价神经再生情况，利用纤维喉镜观察声带活动情况。结果：术后1、3个月，实验组神经肌电图显示再生神经的潜伏期及振幅与正常组相比无显性差异（P＞0.05）。术后1个月，纤维喉镜检查发现1只声带恢复正常运动，6只声带中度活动，2只声带轻度活动，1只声带固定不动。术后3个月，纤维喉镜检查发现1只声带恢复下运动，7只声带中度活动，1只声带轻度活动，1只声带出现矛盾运动。结论：该术式是修复喉返神经损伤较为实用的方法之一。神经肌电位出现的时间早于声带活动，即先有神经肌电位出现，然后才望出现声带活动。神经肌电图正常并不意味着声带活动正常，评价喉返神经修复手术效果最可靠的标准是纤维喉镜检查。     

喉返神经修复术及非喉返神经修复术治疗声带麻痹

目的探讨喉返神经修复术及非喉返神经修复术这两种不同术式治疗声带麻痹的疗效。方法 1单侧声带麻痹21例,其中采用喉返神经修复术(喉返神经减压术、颈袢神经与喉返神经吻合术、颈袢神经肌肉蒂环杓侧肌移植术)15例,采用非喉返神经修复术(声带自体脂肪注射术、自体软骨Ⅰ型甲状软骨成形术)6例;2双侧声带麻痹16例,其中采用喉返神经修复术(喉返神经减压术、颈袢神经肌肉蒂环杓后肌移植术)6例,采用非喉返神经修复术(声带外移术、内镜下杓状软骨切除术)10例。治疗前后以电子喉镜、频闪喉镜、声音评估等评价手术疗效。结果 1单侧喉返神经麻痹患者中喉返神经修复组15例,术后术侧声带活动不同程度改善,发音时声带突明显内收,声带振动及黏膜波均恢复对称性,声门闭合良好,手术前后的最大声时为(5.51±1.05)s和(12.10±1.41)s,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);非喉返神经修复术术后声带均不同程度内移,声嘶症状改善,但声带均无运动,手术前后的最大声时为(5.47±0.45)s和(11.83±1.47)s,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。神经修复组和非神经修复组术后最大声时比较,差异无显著性意义(P>0.05);2双侧喉返神经麻痹患者中喉返神经修复术6例中,术后呼吸困难缓解及声带外展部分恢复4例;非神经修复术10例术后呼吸困难改善;神经修复组术后拔管率为66.7%,非神经修复组术后拔管率为100%;Fisher精确概率法比较两组术后拔管率,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论对于单侧声带麻痹,喉返神经修复术及非喉返神经修复术疗效相当,前者的远期疗效更佳。对于双侧声带麻痹,非喉返神经修复术疗效更佳,但喉返神经修复术不影响患者的发音功能。选择喉返神经修复术或非喉返神经修复术治疗声带麻痹,需要医师根据自身的专业知识及技能、患者的身体状况及需求,作出慎重的决定,以取得可靠的疗效。     

实验犬两种神经肌蒂环杓后肌移植术术式探讨

将实验犬左侧喉返神经及上神经外侧支切断，造成单侧联合性声带麻痹动物模模型。分别选用同侧颈袢胸骨舌骨肌支肌蒂及副神经胞锁乳突肌支肌蒂移植该侧环杓后肌。结果显示两组实验物均成功地恢复了麻痹声带的外展功能。文章神经肌蒂环杓后肌移植的手术式进行了探讨。     

P物质在神经肌蒂移植治疗声带麻痹的临床应用

目的　探讨P物质在神经肌蒂移植治疗声带麻痹的作用。方法　选择 9例患者 ,均为双侧声带麻痹 ,取颈袢胸骨舌骨肌肌蒂移植于环杓后肌 ,并在肌蒂植入部位注入P物质 ,更好地恢复声带外展功能。术后随访 6个月～ 2年 ,观察呼吸改善情况、声带运动及声门裂 ,四导肌电图仪同时记录环杓后肌、甲杓肌及环甲肌的自发肌电图 ,测定其电位幅度。结果　术后有8例深吸气、堵管时出现轻度的外展运动 ,声门裂较术前增宽 2 .5～ 3.0cm ,均顺利拔管 ,肌电图检查均表现为吸气性自发放电 ,术后 2个月可观察到再生电位 ,4个月电位稳定。有 1例因呼吸困难不能拔管 ,肌电图检查表现为不规则、与发音呼吸无关的低电位。术后发音无明显变化。结论　P物质作为一种良好的血管再生剂 ,应用于神经肌蒂移植术治疗声带麻痹 ,取得了较好的疗效 ,值得临床推广应用     

甲状腺手术单侧喉返神经损伤的神经修复治疗

目的 探讨甲状腺手术单侧喉返神经损伤声带麻痹的神经修复治疗。方法 甲状腺手术喉返神经损伤单侧声带麻醉29例,病程从损伤即刻到2年不等。作神经减压术8例,颈襻主支喉返神经内收支吻合术15例,喉返神经端端吻合术6例。手术前后喉内窥镜、嗓音声学参数、肌电图检查等评价手术效果。结果 病程4个月内神经减压5例恢复了正常的声带内收及外展功能,4个月以内1例,4个月以上2例未恢复声带运动。但嗓音声学3参数频率微扰、振幅微扰和标化噪音能量各组均恢复正常,组间差异无显著意义（P均＞0．05）。电生理学检查显示,诱发电位神经减压组明显大于喉返神经吻合组及颈襻吻合组（P均＜0．05）,而后2组差异无显著意义（P＞0．05）。但除喉返神经吻合组及颈襻吻合组各1例外,其余各病例术侧声带内移、肌体积、声带振动恢复对称性及正常黏膜波,声门闭合良好,嗓音恢复正常。结论 （1）甲状腺手术单侧喉返神经损伤神经修复治疗以神经减压效果最佳;（2）颈襻主支吻合术及喉返神经吻合术也能有效地恢复喉的发音功能;（3）喉神经修复术式选择应根据病程、神经损伤程度、类型而定。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.