Combined cataract surgery and vitrectomy for recurrent retinal detachment

PURPOSE: To report our experience with combined cataract surgery, posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation, and pars plana vitrectomy in the management of recurrent retinal detachment (RD) and visually significant cataract. METHODS: Retrospective chart review of patients with cataract and recurrent RD who underwent combined cataract extraction, posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation, and pars plana vitrectomy between January 1991 and September 1998 at the Bascom Palmer Eye Institute. Sixteen eyes were included. All eyes had visually significant cataract and had undergone primary repair of the RD with encircling scleral buckle; eight eyes also had undergone pars plana vitrectomy during the primary repair. The technique of cataract extraction included phacoemulsification (10 eyes), extracapsular cataract extraction (5 eyes), and pars plana lensectomy (1 eye). All eyes underwent pars plana vitrectomy, membrane peeling, fluid-air exchange, endolaser treatment, and placement of a retinal tamponade. Perfluoropropane (C3F8) gas was used in 14 eyes, and silicone oil was placed in two eyes. RESULTS: The postoperative follow-up interval ranged from 4 to 64 months (mean, 16 months). Preoperative visual acuity ranged from 20/60 to hand motions and was better than 20/200 in 3 (19%) eyes. Postoperatively, 9 (56%) eyes improved to better than 20/200. Anatomic success was achieved after the initial reoperation in 13 (81 %) eyes. With further surgery, the overall success rate was 94%. CONCLUSIONS: Combined cataract surgery, posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation, and pars plana vitrectomy in selected patients with cataract and recurrent RD was successful in improving visual acuity and achieving retinal reattachment in most of these reoperated patients.     

Posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation in eyes with inactive and active proliferative diabetic retinopathy

We reviewed the records of 2,100 consecutive eyes that had undergone extracapsular cataract extraction with intraocular lens implantation between January 1981 and December 1989. Of these eyes, 21 had inactive and four had active proliferative diabetic retinopathy at the time of cataract extraction. Twenty-one eyes with inactive proliferative diabetic retinopathy received extracapsular cataract extraction with posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation, and four eyes with active proliferative diabetic retinopathy had both extracapsular cataract extraction with posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation and pars plana vitrectomy with endophotocoagulation. The mean follow-up period was 27 months. Final visual acuity was 20/40 or better in 12 of 25 eyes (48%). Of 25 eyes, five (20%) showed progression of the retinopathy after the operation, and two (8%) developed macular edema. Extracapsular cataract extraction and posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation was well tolerated in most eyes.     

Retinal detachment following extracapsular cataract extraction and posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation.

Fourteen cases of primary retinal detachment after extracapsular cataract extraction and posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation were treated by scleral buckling surgery. Retinal reattachment was achieved in 100% of the cases. All eyes had a postoperative visual acuity of 6/30 or better; in six eyes the visual acuity was 6/12 or better. We attributed our high anatomical success rate to early detection of the retinal detachment, good visibility of the retinal breaks, lack of inflammatory reaction in the vitreous body, and preoperative absence of fixed retinal folds and preretinal membranes.     

Retinal detachment following implantation of a posterior chamber lens

In a series of 6000 cases of pseudophakia following extracapsular cataract extraction and implantation of Simcoe-type posterior chamber lenses, observed for a minimum of 20 months, the incidence of retinal detachment was 21 cases (0.33%). Significant risk factors include male sex (18/21, 82%), high myopia (axial length, over 25 mm in men), intraoperative rupture and late discussion of the posterior capsule. The frequency of retinal detachment following intracapsular cataract extraction without lens implantation was four times greater than that after extracapsular cataract extraction with implantation of a posterior chamber lens. After intracapsular cataract extraction and implantation of an iris-fixation lens it was eight times greater. Horseshoe tears, most of which were located in the peripheral superior quadrants, were seen in 14 eyes (76%). In three eyes no holes were detected. Reattachment was less successful in eyes with posterior chamber implants than in phakic eyes with retinal detachments.     

无缝线巩膜隧道小切口及前房维持器在白内障摘出人工晶状体植入术中的应用

目的探讨无缝线巩膜隧道小切口联合前房维持器在白内障手术中的临床应用价值。方法对112例（127只眼）白内障行无缝线巩膜隧道小切口白内障囊外摘出术中使用前房维持器维持灌注,并植入后房型人工晶状体。结果无一眼因眼压波动而造成术中严重的并发症,术后第1天裸眼视力0.3～0.9者72只眼,占56.69%,第3天≥0.3者89只眼,占70.07%,≥1.0者32只眼,占25.19%。结论无缝线巩膜隧道小切口联合前房维持器在白内障手术中具有简化手术操作,减小手术并发症,使手术更安全。     

新型前房型人工晶状体一期二期植入临床观察

目的：评价新型弹性开放襻前房型人工晶状体一期或二期植入的临床效果。方法：共34只眼,一期前房型人工晶状体植入19只眼,其中老年性白内障12只眼,外伤性昌状体半脱位4只眼,外伤性白内障3只眼;二期植入15只眼,其中老年性白内障术后8只眼,外伤性白内障术后7只眼。术后随访半年以上。结果：一期植入术后68.4%(13只）眼视力≥0.5,其中≥1.0有3只眼,占15.8%,二期植术术后73.3%(11只眼）视力≥0.5,其中≥1.0有4只眼,占26.7%;术后常见并发症为角膜水肿的眼压升高。结论：新型弹性开放襻前房型人工晶状体一期二期植入均安全、有效。     

手术治疗糖尿病性白内障60眼临床分析

目的:分析小切口白内障囊外摘出人工晶状体植入术和超声乳化白内障吸除人工晶状体植入术治疗糖尿病性白内障的疗效及并发症。方法:选择2006-01/2010-01确诊为糖尿病性白内障患者52例60眼,Ⅱ～Ⅲ级核47眼,采用超声乳化白内障吸除后房型人工晶状体植入术;Ⅳ～Ⅴ级核13眼,采用小切口白内障囊外摘出后房型人工晶状体植入术。结果:糖尿病患者52例60眼白内障术后视力均有不同程度的提高,其中50眼(83%)术后1wk裸眼视力≥0.4。术中术后主要并发症经处理对术后视力无影响。结论:对糖尿病性白内障患者采取恰当的术式,施行小切口白内障囊外摘出人工晶状体植入术或超声乳化白内障吸除人工晶状体植入术疗效肯定。     

Glaucoma triple procedure comprising trabeculotomy with a fornix-based scleral flap

A new triple surgery procedure was applied to 20 primary open-angle glaucomatous (POAG) eyes. This technique comprises trabeculotomy with narrow (2–3 mm) fornix-based scleral flap, combined with extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE) and posterior chamber intraocular lens (PC-IOL) implantation. As to surgical results, at two years postsurgery 53% (9/17) of the eyes were controlled under 21 mm Hg without medication, 35% (6/17) with topical medication alone. Eighteen (90%) eyes showed improved visual acuity of two or more Snellen lines. No serious postoperative complications occurred. There was no significant difference in postoperative astigmatism as compared with ordinary ECCE and PC-IOL surgery. Trabeculotomy with fornix-based scleral flap offers the advantage of simple and safe surgery when combined with ECCE and PC-IOL implantation.Abbreviations POAG primary open-angle glaucomatous - ECCE extracapsular cataract extraction - PC-IOL posterior chamber intraocular lens - IOP intraocular pressure     

Cataract extraction after retinal detachment surgery

Extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE) was done in 31 eyes of 27 patients after previous retinal reattachment surgery with scleral buckling. A posterior chamber intraocular lens (IOL) was implanted in 21 eyes. No significant modifications in the cataract surgical technique were necessary. Final visual acuity was 20/40 or better in 26 eyes (84%). The complication rate was low. One patient was found to have a retinal detachment (RD) after cataract extraction that probably predated the cataract surgery. No recurrent retinal tears or detachment developed in any patients during an average 24-month follow-up period.     

Pseudophakic retinal detachment.

We reviewed 165 cases of non-referred pseudophakic retinal detachment. Fifty-three eyes (32%) had sustained significant complications due to cataract surgery prior to retinal detachment; 45 eyes (27%) presented with grade B, C or D proliferative vitreoretinopathy. The overall reattachment rate was 84%. This was significantly higher in the posterior chamber lens group than in the iris-fixated lens or anterior chamber lens groups (93 vs. 69 and 81%). Our data show that uneventful extracapsular cataract extraction plus posterior chamber lens implantation offers the best chance of successful detachment surgery.     

反眉状及梯形两种巩膜小切口白内障囊外摘除联合IOL植入术的疗效对比

目的:观察反眉状及梯形两种巩膜小切口白内障囊外摘除联合人工晶状体植入术的临床疗效。方法:年龄相关性白内障患者89例113眼随机分为A组(43例56眼)和B组(46例57眼),分别采用反眉状及梯形两种无缝线巩膜小切口白内障囊外摘除联合人工晶状体植入术,术后1wk;1mo及3mo检查BCVA、角膜散光、眼压、人工晶状体位置以及并发症情况。结果:两组术后BCVA均较术前显著提高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),但术后角膜散光与术前比较差异无统计学意义;两组术后1wk;1mo及3moBCVA和角膜散光在组内和组间比较差异均无统计学意义。两组术后均未发生眼压异常升高、大泡性角膜病变和化脓性眼内炎等并发症。结论:反眉状及梯形两种无缝线巩膜小切口白内障囊外摘除联合人工晶状体植入术均具有术后视力恢复快、散光小、安全简便、不需要昂贵设备等优点,适合在基层医院推广应用。     

小梁切除术后并发白内障的非超声乳化手术治疗

目的探讨小梁切除术后并发性白内障非超声乳化手术的手术技巧。方法对小梁切除术后并发性白内障19例（23眼）进行经颞侧巩膜隧道式小切口白内障囊外摘出及人工晶状体植入术。结果全部患者术后视力均有不同程度提高,术后3d视力≥0．3者14眼,0．05～0．25者7眼,〈0．05者2眼;术后平均眼压升高2．04mmHg,与术前比较差异无统计学意义（t=1．25,P〉0．05）;随访期间,术眼功能性滤过泡未见明显瘢痕化。结论经颞侧巩膜隧道式小切口行白内障囊外摘出术治疗小梁切除术后并发的白内障,对于Ⅳ级以上的硬核或者经济困难的患者以及在不具备超声乳化条件的地区和医疗单位仍不失为一种有效的方法。     

Posterior chamber lenses and glaucoma

The intraocular pressure of 100 glaucomatous eyes was followed up after extracapsular cataract extraction with implantation of a posterior chamber lens. The cataract extraction techniques employed were KPE (33), ECCE (41), ECCE with iridotomy and iris suture (15), and ECCE with iridotomy and iris suture after previous fistulizing procedures. The follow-up examinations were performed 5.5 and 16.4 months after surgery. About 1.5 years after the cataract extraction the intraocular pressure of all eyes had decreased on average by 2-3 mm Hg. The number of drug-dependent eyes decreased to 30% as compared to the situation prior to extraction. Only those patients who had undergone ECCE with iridoplasty after previous fistulizing procedures had a slightly increased, though not statistically significant pressure elevation. The proportion of drug-dependent patients in this group was also almost the same as before surgery. Follow-up at 5.5 and 16.4 months revealed no major differences in the pressure level or the number of drug-dependent glaucomatous eyes.     

抗青光眼滤过性手术眼的后房型人工晶体植入

为了探讨在已施行抗青光眼滤过手术的白内障眼进行白内障摘除和后房型人工晶体植入的手术方法以及手术对滤过泡的影响。对抗青光眼滤过手术后白内障２１只眼，避开滤过泡，选择了颞下方角膜缘切口进行白内障囊外摘除及后房型人工晶体植入，同时对小而固定的瞳孔进行瞳孔括约肌切开与缝合术。术后视力均有不同程度提高，７６．１９％术眼视力达０．．５，术后平均眼压升高０．４１ｋＰａ，功能滤过泡未见明显疤痕化。对于抗青光眼滤过     

Simultaneous penetrating keratoplasty, cataract extraction and artificial lens implantation ("triple procedure") 1981-1987

Between June 1981 and March 1987, the authors performed simultaneous penetrating keratoplasty, cataract extraction, and intraocular lens implantation in 90 eyes. The main indications were Fuchs's corneal endothelial dystrophy (38 cases), corneal cicatrization (33 cases) and corneal or scleral perforation (7 cases). Extracapsular cataract extraction with posterior chamber lens implantation was performed in 82 patients. The posterior capsule ruptured in nine eyes, necessitating an anterior vitrectomy in four of them. The corneal transplant was rejected in nine eyes (10%). The mean preoperative visual acuity of 9/100 in 89 patients improved to 39/100 six months after surgery in 59 patients who were followed up and to 50/100 in the 29 patients with Fuchs's corneal dystrophy. The authors believe that in cases presenting with both cataract and medically uncontrollable corneal disease, simultaneous penetrating keratoplasty with extracapsular cataract extraction and implantation of a posterior chamber lens represents the treatment of choice.     

抗青光眼术后浅前房的前房重建手术

目的 探讨青光眼滤过术后浅前房的手术方法和效果.方法 取17例抗青光眼术后浅前房患者经保守治疗无效,有7只眼发生脉络膜脱离,5只眼行脉络膜上腔放液+前房成形术,1只眼行白内障超声乳化及人工晶状体植入术及前房成形术,1只眼行脉络膜上腔放液+白内障超声乳化及人工晶状体植入术+前部玻璃体切割术+前房成形术.有9只眼发生恶性青光眼,1例行抽玻璃体水囊联合前房成形术,3例行前部玻璃体切除及后囊切开联合小梁切除及丝裂霉素联合白内障超声乳化及人工晶状体植入及房角分离术,1例行前部玻璃体切除术中发生脉络膜脱离及脉络膜上腔出血行前部玻璃体切除联合玻璃体腔放液,2只眼行前部玻璃体切除联合白内障超声乳化及人工晶状体植入及房角分离术,1例行前部玻璃体切除联合前房成形术,术后前房仍浅又行白内障超声乳化及人工晶状体植入及后囊膜切开及房角分离术,1例为视网膜脱离术后硅油存留眼行白内障超声乳化联合虹膜周边切除术及前房成形术.结果 术后前房恢复时间脉络膜脱离组行脉络膜上腔放液及前房成形术平均为5.6d,恶性青光眼组行白内障超声乳化及人工晶状体植入术联合前部玻璃体切除及后囊切开组前房恢复时间最短,平均为1.1d.结论 恶性青光眼组行白内障超声乳化及人工晶状体植入术联合前部玻璃体切除及后囊切开治疗有效快速.     

COMBINED EXTRACAPSULAR CATARACT EXTRACTION AND POSTERIOR CHAMBER INTRAOCULAR LENS IMPLANTATION AND TRABECULECTOMY

In a retrospective study in a consecutive series of operations performed by the author, 13 eyes in 10 patients underwent combined extracapsular cataract extraction, posterior chamber intraocular lens (IOL) implantation and trabeculectomy All had significant cataract and chronic open-angle glaucoma with field loss, uncontrolled or marginally controlled on maximum tolerable medical treatment
All had a postoperative reduction in intraocular pressure Significant complications included malignant glaucoma (in two eyes) and a late choroidal detachment (in one eye )
The indications for and the advantages of the combined procedure are discussed, emphasising the advantages of extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE) and posterior chamber lens implantation, in patients with chronic open-angle glaucoma (COAG )     

援非小切口手术治疗黑人白内障287例报告

目的:观察在援非期间对287例黑人白内障实施小切口手术的临床效果。方法:在非洲简陋的条件下对287例287眼黑人白内障实施巩膜隧道小切口非超乳白内障摘除术,植入硬质型人工晶状体,观察各类白内障术后裸眼视力及并发症。结果:一次性植入人工晶状体275例275眼,术后1wk裸眼视力≥0.3者240眼(83.6%),≥0.5者166眼(57.8%);角膜水肿53眼(18.5%),后囊膜破裂5眼(1.7%),前房反应38眼(13.2%)。结论:在非洲对于大规模黑人白内障选择小切口白内障摘除及人工晶状体植入手术,疗效可靠。     

Short- and long-term endothelial cell loss associated with cataract extraction and intraocular lens implantation

A group of 249 patients undergoing cataract extraction with intraocular lens implantation underwent specular microscopic endothelial cell photographs before surgery and eight weeks, one year, and two years after surgery. The intraocular lenses used were the Shearing posterior chamber lens and the transiridectomy clip lens after extracapsular cataract extraction and the Medallion iris suture lens after intracapsular cataract extraction. Thirty-seven patients who underwent cataract extraction without implantation served as controls. Eight weeks after surgery, there was no statistical difference between the groups with intraocular lenses and the groups without them. One year and two years after surgery, endothelial cell loss had occurred in all groups except the group who underwent extracapsular cataract extraction without intraocular lens implantation--a group in which the patients were younger. The long-term endothelial cell loss was greater after intracapsular cataract extraction and was greater in the presence of an implant. There was statistically more endothelial cell loss with the transiridectomy clip lens than with the posterior chamber lens eight weeks and one year after surgery; the patients with posterior chamber lenses had continued to have more endothelial cell loss during the second postoperative year.     

小切口非超声乳化人工晶状体植入治疗老年性白内障40例临床观察

目的:探讨非超声乳化小切口囊外白内障摘出人工晶状体植入术治疗老年性白内障的临床效果。方法:对40例40眼老年性白内障患者采用巩膜隧道式小切口白内障囊外摘除术,同时植入后房型人工晶状体。观察术后视力恢复、散光情况及并发症。结果:术后随访1～36mo,裸眼或矫正视力<0.5者1例(2.5%),0.6～1.0者18例(45.0%),1.2～1.5者21例(52.5%)。术前、术后1mo和3mo平均散光分别为(0.90±0.81),(0.95±0.65)D和(0.93±0.60)D,术后1mo和3mo与术前比较都无显著差异(P>0.05)。主要并发症有角膜水肿、前房炎症反应。无娩核困难、后囊膜破裂、玻璃体脱出、人工晶状体植入失败和虹膜损伤等并发症。结论:小切口非超声乳化囊外白内障摘出人工晶状体植入术设备简单,操作易于掌握,切口小、创伤小、术后视力恢复良好、角膜散光小、并发症少。效果好、安全可靠、经济实惠,适于基层医院开展。