Effect of chalone and antichalone on free radical processes in rat liver

Effect of the proliferative regulators chalone and antichalone on the free radical system is studied on isolated and perfused rat liver under normal conditions and after ammonium chloride load (5 mM). It is shown that chaone suppressed both lipid peroxidation and antiradical system, while antichalone exhibits opposite effects on these processes. Ammonium chloride abolishes the effect of antichalone and does not change the effect produced by chalone. A hypothesis is proposed that specific function of the organ predominates over its response to local regulatory stimuli. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 125, No. 2, pp. 224–226, February, 1998     

Effect of melatonin on antioxidant activity and free radical lipid oxidation in traumatic shock

Effect of melatonin on antioxidant activity and lipid peroxidation in blood, heart, liver, and brain was studied in rats exposed to traumatic shock. Melatonin exerted a potent modulatory effect on antioxidant enzyme activity. Its efficacy depended on organ sensitivity to oxygen deficiency under conditions of traumatic shock. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 127, No. 4, pp. 387–391, April, 1999.     

Mechanism underlying the effect of the bronchodilator troventol on histamine secretion

Molecular mechanism of the effect of the anticholinergic bronchodilator troventol on histamine secretion, the initial step in bronchospasm, is studied. Atrovent (ipratropium bromide) and atropine sulfate are used as reference preparations. Histamine secretion is induced by adding phorbol myristate acetate to cell suspension. In cells incubated for 5 min with troventol histamine secretion constitutes 52.4% of the maximum level, while atrovent and atropine have no effect on this process. Histamine secretion in mast cells is initiated by a sharp increase in cytosolic calcium. Troventol and atrovent reduce the initial rate of passive calcium entry into the cells by 56.3 and 28%, respectively, while atropine does not affect this parameter. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 124, No. 11, pp. 537–540, November, 1997     

Effect of radiation from personal computer monitor on free-radical processes in rats

Radiation from a personal computer monitor reduces antioxidant activity and the contents of diene conjugates and Schiff bases in rat serum and has no effect on chemiluminescence and the content of carbonyl derivatives. The radiation causes no significant changes in blood contents of nitrites and ceruloplasmin and activity of Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase. The results obtained indicate that radiation from a monitor produces potentially hazardous biological effects. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 124, No. 8, pp. 192–194, August, 1997     

Antioxidant activity of parapharmaceutics containing natural inhibitors of free radical processes

The duration of lag phase of ascorbate-dependent free radical oxidation of endogenous polyenic lipids in rat liver and myocardium considerably increased after oral administration of lacrinat containing licoriceGlycyrrhiza glabra root powder for 1 month. Lacrinat markedly decreased the content of lipid peroxides in rat liver.Ex vivo antioxidant effects of lacrinat in rat liver were comparable with those of β-carotene-containing preparations carinat and carinat CD. Parapharmaceutics containing both licoriceGlycyrrhiza glabra root powder and β-carotene (carinat forte) markedly increased antioxidant activity of the liver. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 130, No. 7, pp. 56–58, July, 2000     

Antioxidant activity of parapharmaceutics containing natural inhibitors of free radical processes

The duration of lag phase of ascorbate-dependent free radical oxidation of endogenous polyenic lipids in rat liver and myocardium considerably increased after oral administration of lacrinat containing licoriceGlycyrrhiza glabra root powder for 1 month. Lacrinat markedly decreased the content of lipid peroxides in rat liver.Ex vivo antioxidant effects of lacrinat in rat liver were comparable with those of β-carotene-containing preparations carinat and carinat CD. Parapharmaceutics containing both licoriceGlycyrrhiza glabra root powder and β-carotene (carinat forte) markedly increased antioxidant activity of the liver. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 130, No. 7, pp. 56–58, July, 2000     

Effect of cimetidine on experimental atherogenesis in rabbits

Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 115, N ^o 4, pp. 380–383, April, 1993     

Changes in the ultrastructure of human erythrocytes and in their content of free fatty acids during incubation with hydroperoxide and calcium ionsin vitro

It is shown that incubation of a suspension of human erythrocytes with H₂O₂ and Ca²⁺ mainly results in echinocytic transformation and hemolysis; incubation with H₂O₂ in the absence of Ca²⁺ is attended by polymorphous changes in erythrocytes: discocyte swelling, formation of stomatocytes and echinocytes and their hemolysis. The level of free fatty acids in human erythrocytes increases for incubation with Ca²⁺ and calcimycin under anaerobic conditions and drops for H₂O₂-induced activation of lipid peroxidation. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 118, N ^o 8 pp. 207–211, August, 1994 Presented by N. K. Permyakov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Chemiluminescence of blood plasma and activity of alveolar macrophages in experimental pneumonia

Acute experimental pneumonia in animals is accompanied by enhanced production of active oxygen forms by alveolar macrophages and increased plasma chemiluminescence. Low photosum of chemiluminescence and suppression of bactericidal activity of alveolar macrophages together with increased blood content of low-molecular-weight peptides are signs of lung destruction. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 129, No. 3, pp. 344–346, March, 2000     

Lipid peroxidation during experimental cholera intoxication

Cholera intoxication in albino mice was induced by intraperitoneal injection of endotoxin in doses of LD₁₆, LD₂₄, and LD₅₀ and combination of endo- and enterotoxin in doses equivalent to LD₂₅. Dose-dependent activation of superoxide dismutase, phasic changes in the contents of MDA and conjugated trienes and dienes, and modulatory influence of enterotoxin on catalase activity in the blood were observed during intoxication. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 129, No. 4, pp. 399–401, April, 2000     

Effect of the tranquilizer mebicar on lipid metabolism and lipid peroxidation on the model of hypokinesia in rats

Daily 18-hour hypokinesia induces atherogenic shifts in the blood lipid spectrum and activates lipid peroxidation in rats. Mebicar is shown to have a correcting effect on lipid metabolism and on the intensity of lipid peroxidation. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 121, No. 5, pp. 535–537, May, 1996     

Effect of sodium citrate on the rate of cholesterol esterification and on the formation of primary products of lipid peroxidation in human blood. Are these processes related?

In vitro experiments show that sodium citrate in a final concentration of 130 mM induces a 4- to 5-fold increase in the activity of lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase. A parallel determination of the blood content of primary products of lipid peroxidation reveals a 20–30% decrease in diene and triene conjugates and lipid hydroperoxides. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 120, N ^o 9, pp. 323–325, September, 1995 Presented by A. N. Klimov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Free-radical oxidation during experimental pneumonia

Lipid peroxidation in the lungs and plasma of albino rats was studied under normal conditions and during experimental pneumonia. In intact rats the content of lipid peroxidation products and the rate of their accumulation in lung homogenate is lower than in homogenates of other organs. Bivalent iron ions added to blood plasma did not induce chemiluminescence characteristic of lipid peroxidation. Experimental pneumonia intensifies production of active oxygen forms by alveolar macrophages and blood neutrophils and increases the content of lipid peroxidation products in lung homogenate. Combined application of antibiotics and antioxidant (vitamin E) during experimental pneumonia promotes normalization of free-radical oxidation and diminishes morphological alterations in the lungs. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Medistiny, Vol. 129, No. 3, pp. 260–264, March, 2000     

Effect of shock on the morphofunctional state of alveolar macrophages

The number of macrophages, their functional activity, and ultrastructure are studied in bronchoalveolar lavage of rats exposed to traumatic or burn shock. It is found that the intensity of nonspecific, stereotypic, and phase macrophagal reactions correlates with the severity of shock. Responses to damaging factors and adaptive alterations varying in the intensity and occurrence at different observation periods are revealed. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 122, No. 11, pp. 577–581, November, 1996     

Antioxidant and immunomodulating effects of ceruloplasmin in experimental influenza infection

Exogenous ceruloplasmin is shown to increase the resistance of mice to influenza virus, reduce the immunodepressive effect of the virus, and improve the biochemical parameters in the acute period of experimental infection. A possible positive effect of ceruloplasmin on delayed complications of influenza is discussed. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 118, N ^o 9, pp. 285–287, September, 1994 Presented by T. T. Berezov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

The efficacy of bronchodilators is determined by electrostatic interactions

Donnan potential recordings demonstrate that the preparation troventol exhibits a positive surface charge, atropine sulfate a negative surface charge, and atrovent a charge close to zero. Analysis of electrostatic interactions between these preparations and cells reveals that alveolar macrophages exhibit a more negative surface charge than peritoneal macrophages. More pronounced electrostatic interactions of the preparations with membrane macrophages are observed with troventol versus the other broncholytics studied. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 118, N ^o 11, pp. 476–478, November, 1994     

The content of tocopherol and lipid peroxidation products in the tissues of rats with genetically determined hyperproduction of free oxygen radicals

It is shown that at the age of 2–3 months S rats with genetically determined hyperproduction of free radicals have the same content of tocopherol in the heart, epididymal fat, adrenals, liver, and liver mitochondria as Wistar rats but a lower content of plasma tocopherol. At 10–12 months, the tocopherol content in all studied tissues and organs, except the liver, is higher than in young S rats and age-matched Wistar rats. This is regarded as a compensatory response facilitating the stabilization of LPO under conditions of increased free radical formation. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 121, N ^o 3, pp. 282–284, March, 1996     

Effect of peroxidase on the development of experimental leprosy in mice after intraplantar infection

Lyophilized horseradish peroxidase (activity 100 U/mg) administeredper os in a dose of 100–200 mg/kg fodder enhanced bactericidal activity of phagocytes in mice experimentally infected withMycobacterium leprae, which manifested in suppression ofM. leprae growth in comparison with untreated controls. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 129, No. 5, pp. 571–573, May, 2000     

Effect of prenatal hypoxia on DNA synthesis in the tracheal epithelium and LPO-AOD system in the lungs of newborn rats

Newborn rats euthanized 24 h after birth were examined. The rats were born to females exposed to chronic hypobaric hypoxia on days 14–19 of gestation. The index of nuclei labeled with³H-thymidine in the tracheal epithelium of newborn rats exposed to prenatal hypoxia was 3 times lower than in the control. The LPO level was higher in posthypoxic animals than in intact rats. Prenatal hypoxia led to the suppression of antioxidant defense in the lungs of newborn rats. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 117, N ^o 5, pp. 531–533, May, 1994