CA／PEI及CA／HPC亲和膜去除肝硬化腹水中内毒素对比研究

目的观察醋酸纤维素／聚乙烯基亚胺（CA／PEI）及醋酸纤维素／疏水阳离子（CA／HPC）亲和膜对肝硬化腹水中内毒素的去除效果。方法以CA为亲和基质,分别交连PEI及HPC,制备CA／PEI及CA／HPC亲和膜;采用动态吸附法,比较吸附前后肝硬化腹水中内毒素、白蛋白、免疫球蛋白（IgG、lgA、IgM）、离子（K＆^＋、Na^＋、Cl^-）及胆红素浓度的变化。结果两种亲和膜吸附前后腹水中的内毒素浓度最著降低（P〈0．01）;腹水中的白蛋白、免疫球蛋白、电解质浓度过膜前后无明显变化;CA／PEI亲和膜能显著降低腹水中的胆红素的浓度。结论两种亲和膜均能有效吸附肝硬化腹水中的内毒素,对腹水中的白蛋白、免疫球蛋白、电解质无明娃截留,CA／PEI亲和膜可同时有效吸附腹水中的胆红素,两种亲和膜均可应用于肝硬化白体腹水回输治疗。     

CA/PEI亲和膜去除肝硬化腹水中内毒素及胆红素的研究

目的研究CA/PEI亲和膜对肝硬化腹水中内毒素及胆红素的去除效果。方法以醋酸纤维素（CA）为亲和基质,交联聚乙烯基亚胺（PEI）,制备CA/PEI亲和膜;采用动态吸附法,比较吸附前后肝硬化腹水中内毒素、胆红素、白蛋白、免疫球蛋白（IgG、IgA、IgM）及离子（K^＋、Na^＋、Cl^-）浓度的变化。结果CA/PEI亲和膜吸附前后腹水中的内毒素及胆红素浓度显著降低（P（0.01）;腹水中的白蛋白、免疫球蛋白、电解质浓度过膜前后无明显变化。结论CA/PEI亲和膜能有效吸附肝硬化腹水中的内毒素及胆红素,对腹水中的白蛋白、免疫球蛋白、电解质无明显截留,可应用于肝硬化自体腹水回输治疗。     

CA／PEI亲和膜去除肝硬化腹水中内毒素的研究

目的观察CA／PEI亲和膜对肝硬化腹水中内毒素的去除效果。方法以醋酸纤维素（CA）为亲和基质，交联聚乙烯基亚胺（PEI），制备CA／PEI亲和膜；采用动态吸附法，比较吸附前后肝硬化患者腹水中内毒素、白蛋白、免疫球蛋白（IgG、IgA、IgM）及离子（K^＋、Na^＋、Cl^-）浓度的变化。结果CA／PEI亲和膜吸附后腹水中的内毒素浓度显著降低（P〈0．01）；腹水中的白蛋白、免疫球蛋白、电解质浓度过膜前后无明显变化。结论CA／PEI亲和膜能有效吸附肝硬化腹水中的内毒素，对腹水中的白蛋白、免疫球蛋白、电解质无明显截留，可应用于肝硬化自体腹水回输的治疗。     

肝硬化患者CAl25检测的临床意义

目的 观察肝硬化患者血清肿瘤标志物CAl25的变化与腹水的关系，以探讨其升高在肝硬化中的临床意义。方法 以40例健康对照组及82例住院的肝硬化病人为研究对象，检测其全部血清及部分腹水(10例)CAl25水平。结果肝硬化组血清CAl25水平显著高于正常对照组，其中肝硬化组男女无性别差异，腹水组血清CAl25显著高于无腹水组，大量腹水者显著高于中少量腹水者，腹水中CAl25浓度高于血清浓度，相关性分析显示血清CAl25与Child分级、总胆红素水平呈正相关，与白蛋白、白／球比值呈负相关。结论 血清CAl25在肝硬化时可明显升高，在腹水患者更显著，是诊断有无腹水的一个敏感指标。     

肝硬化患者肠系膜上动脉血流动力学的变化与腹水形成的关系

采用彩色多普勒超声对40例健康者（对照组）及80例有（或）无腹水肝硬化患者（肝硬化组）进行肠系膜上动脉（SMA）血流动力学测定。结果显示：肝硬化患者SMA内径（D）、血流速度（v)、血流量（Q）均较对照组显著升高,有腹水者较无腹水者高、SMA脉动指数（SMA－PI）和阻力指数（SMA－RI）均显著降低（P＜0．01）,尤以SMPI降低明显。肝硬化腹水组治疗前后上述各指标均无明显差异（P＞0．05）。提示肝硬化患者SMA处于高动力循环状态,此为肝硬化腹水形成的原因之一。     

肝炎肝硬化的骨钙素、甲状旁腺素、降钙素的变化及其临床意义

目的：为了解肝硬化骨病的形成机理。方法：本文采用放射免疫法对３５例肝炎肝硬化的血清进行了骨钙素、甲状旁腺素（ＰＴＨ）及降钙素（Ｃａｌｃｉｔｏｎｉｎ）的测定。结果：肝硬化患者的骨钙素（Ｇａｌ）明显高于正常对照（Ｐ＜０．０１），ＰＴＨ也高于正常，血钙低于正常，但均无统计学意义（Ｐ＜０．０５），各激素与血清白蛋白、凝血酶原时间及总胆红素之间无明显相关。按Ｃｈｉｌｄ分级，Ｃ级患者的Ｇａｌ及ＰＴＨ明显高于Ａ级及Ｂ级患者，而血钙浓度低于Ａ级及Ｂ级。结论：肝硬化对骨病的产生与所测三种激素的代谢紊乱有密切关系，由于钙离子吸收不良所致的低钙血症在致肝硬化骨病中可能起着相当重要的作用     

促肝肽治疗肝硬化腹水机理探讨

目的 探讨促肝细胞生长素颗粒剂（促肝肽）治疗肝硬化腹水的机理。方法 采用放射免疫方法测定前后血浆醛固酮的含量及临床生化指标并对比观察。结果 治疗后血浆醛固酮含量明显下降（由３７８．５４ｐｇ／ｍｌ下降至１７０．７２ｐｇ／ｍｌ,Ｐ〈０．０５）,血清胆红素（ＳＢ）和丙氨酸换酶（ＡＬＴ）均显著下降（Ｐ〈０．０１）,血清白蛋白含量明显升高（Ｐ〈０．０５）,腹水消退迅速（腹水消退率达７２．２％）。结论 促肝细     

垂体后叶素和白蛋白对老年肝硬化患者血容量的影响

目的比较垂体后叶素(PT)(血管收缩药物)和白蛋白对放腹水后的老年肝硬化患者有效血容量的影响。方法 48名有大量腹水的老年肝硬化患者随机分为两组,在穿刺腹水后分别予PT或白蛋白,通过测定血浆肾素浓度基线值和出院时数值比较来判断有效血容量变化。有效血容量不足表现为血浆肾素浓度超过基线值的50%。结果出院时两组患者血浆肾素浓度与基线浓度相比无明显变化(P=0.10),肾素浓度变化也无明显差别(P=0.39),两组患者中各有3例低血容量。结论 PT可以在老年肝硬化腹水患者穿刺引流后使用,以防止低血容量休克发生。     

乙型肝炎肝硬化腹水患者心脏血流动力学临床观察

目的研究乙型肝炎（乙肝）肝硬化腹水患者心脏血流动力学变化,探讨心脏血流动力学参数在肝硬化腹水中的临床意义。方法以27例乙肝肝硬化腹水患者为研究对象,将20例慢性乙肝患者设为对照组,采用无创血流动力检测仪测定心脏血流动力学参数。结果肝硬化腹水组的心率明显高于对照组（P〈0．05）;平均动脉压、每搏出量、每搏指数、全身血管阻力、全身血管阻力指数、左心作功和左心作功指数显著降低（P〈0．05）;心输出量和心脏指数较对照组无明显变化（P〉0．05）。结论心脏血流动力学参数可用于判断乙肝肝硬化腹水患者的心脏泵功能,为评价预后提供参考因素。     

超滤浓缩回输治疗肝硬化首次大量腹水疗效分析

目的观察超滤浓缩回输治疗肝硬化首次大量腹水临床疗效。方法随机设立常规组与试验组,分析治疗前后总有效率,症状体征、平均住院天数、平均总住院费;电解质、白蛋白水平变化,判断疗效。结果试验组与常规组总有效率相当(P0.05);但试验组平均住院天数及总住院费较常规组显著减少(P0.01);电解质变化方面两组在治疗前后差异无显著意义;白蛋白水平在两组治疗前后均见明显升高(P0.01)。结论腹水超滤浓缩回输应用于肝硬化并首次大量腹水较常规治疗有明显优势,可明显缩短住院时间,降低住院费用,减轻患者经济负担,操作简便易行,疗效确切。     

肿瘤标志物和血清腹水白蛋白梯度在恶性腹水诊断中的价值

目的 探讨肿瘤标志物和血清腹水白蛋白梯度(SAAG)在恶性腹水诊断中的应用价值.方法 回顾性研究2005年1月至2008年1月收治的114例腹水患者,根据腹水病因分为恶性腹水组39例和良性腹水组105例(其中结核性腹水12例、无菌性肝硬化腹水93例).分析腹水和血清癌胚抗原(CEA)、糖链抗原(cA)19-9、CA125和SAAG在良、恶性腹水中分布的差异,并构建受试者工作(ROC)曲线.结果 在恶性和良性腹水患者中均检出肿瘤标志物.恶性腹水患者的血清CEA和CA19-9、腹水CEA和CA19-9均明显高于良性腹水患者(P<0.05).恶性腹水患者的SAAG明显低于肝硬化腹水患者(P<0.05),而与结核性腹水患者差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).恶性腹水患者的血清和腹水CA125与良性腹水患者差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).腹水CEA、CA19-9和SAAG的曲线下面积分别为0.79、0.82和0.85;准确度最高的临界值分别是1.45 U/L、19.50 U/L和13.50 g/L,敏感度和特异度分别是66.7%和78.1%、74.4%和84.8%及82.9%和84.6%.联合检测价值最好的组合为SAAG和腹水CA19-9,其敏感度和特异度为61.54%和97.14%.结论 通过ROC曲线寻找最佳的生化指标组合鉴别良、恶性腹水是可行的.     

Elevation of serum and ascites cancer antigen 125 levels in patients with liver cirrhosis

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Serum cancer antigen (CA) 125 elevation has been reported in patients with liver disease, but it is poorly characterized. The present study aimed to evaluate the range of serum and ascitic CA 125 levels in patients with liver cirrhosis and to explore possible factors associated with CA 125 elevation. METHODS: A total of 70 patients were studied. Group I consisted of 30 patients with liver cirrhosis with or without ascites. Group II consisted of 30 patients with digestive malignant tumors with or without ascites. Group III consisted of 10 patients with benign ascites. The CA 125 levels were measured in the serum of all patients and also simultaneously in the ascitic fluid of 15 patients. RESULTS: Serum CA125 levels in 80% of (24/30) patients from group I were elevated, particularly in those with ascites, irrespective of the etiology of cirrhosis. Serum CA 125 levels were correlated with Child-Pugh scores (r = 0.38), but not significantly (P = 0.06). All patients from group II with ascites and from group III had elevated serum CA 125 levels, but there was no difference in the serum CA 125 levels between patients with ascites from group I (275 +/- 175 U/mL), group II (368 +/- 190 U/mL) or group III (396 +/- 287 U/mL), nor was there a significant difference in ascitic CA 125 levels (P > 0.05). The levels of serum CA 125 (198 +/- 108 U/mL) were lower than, but correlated with that of ascites (460 +/- 234 U/mL, r = 0.58, P = 0.026). The elevation of serum CA 125 accompanied by abnormalities of other tumor markers was more common in malignant ascites than in benign ascites (90% compared with 6%, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The elevation of serum CA 125 is common in patients with liver cirrhosis. It is related to the presence of ascites, and possibly to the insufficiency of liver function, but not the etiology of cirrhosis and ascites. Serum CA 125 probably comes from ascites. It usually predicts benign disease if the elevation of serum or ascites CA 125 is not accompanied by the abnormalities of other tumor markers.     

Cancer antigen 125: a sensitive marker of ascites in patients with liver cirrhosis

OBJECTIVE: Cancer antigen 125 (CA 125) is a high molecular mass glycoprotein, usually used for monitoring the course of epithelial ovarian cancer. Recently it has been shown that liver cirrhosis is associated with increased levels of CA 125, particularly in the presence of ascites. The aim of this study was to evaluate CA 125 as a marker for the detection of ascites in patients with chronic liver disease. METHODS: A total of 170 patients were studied. All had ultrasound scanning for detection of ascites. Group I consisted of 123 patients with chronic liver disease without ascites; whereas group II consisted of 47 patients with chronic liver disease with ascites. CA 125 levels were measured in all patients and also simultaneously in the ascitic fluid of 31 patients from group II. RESULTS: Of 47 patients, 46 (97.8%) of group II had elevated serum levels of CA 125 (mean 321 +/- 283 U/ml) as compared with only nine of 123 (7.3%) patients of group I [mean 13 +/- 15 U/ml]), p < 0.001. The mean CA 125 concentration in the ascitic fluid of 31 cirrhotic patients (group II) was 624 +/- 397 U/ml and was always higher than corresponding serum levels (p < 0.01). Serum CA 125 levels correlated with the amount of ascitic fluid (r = 0.78). A profound decrease in serum CA 125 concentration was noted 2-3 and 10 days after large volume paracentesis. CA 125 was more sensitive and preceded ultrasonography in detection of ascites in few cirrhotic patients. CONCLUSIONS: CA 125 is a highly sensitive marker to detect ascites in patients with liver cirrhosis. This marker may be useful to detect small to moderate amounts of ascitic fluid in cirrhotic patients when physical examination is difficult or equivocal for ascites.     

Prognostic relevance of preoperative bilirubin-adjusted serum carbohydrate antigen 19-9 in a multicenter subset analysis of 179 patients with distal cholangiocarcinoma

BackgroundDistal cholangiocarcinoma (DCC) is a rare malignancy and validated prognostic markers remain scarce. We aimed to evaluate the role of serum CA19-9 as a potential biomarker in DCC.MethodsPatients operated for DCC at 6 high-volume surgical centers from 1994 to 2015 were identified from prospectively maintained databases. Patient baseline characteristics, surgical and histopathological parameters, as well as overall survival after resection were assessed for correlation with preoperative bilirubin-adjusted serum carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9). Preoperative CA19-9 to bilirubin ratio (CA19-9/BR) was classified as elevated (≥ 25 U/ml/mg/dl) according to the upper serum normal values of CA19-9 (37 U/ml) and bilirubin (1.5 mg/dl) giving a cut-off at ≥ 25 U/ml/mg/dl.ResultsIn total 179 patients underwent resection for DCC during the study period. High preoperative CA19-9/BR was associated with advanced age and regional lymph node metastases. Median overall survival after resection was 27 months. Elevated preoperative serum CA19-9/bilirubin ratio (HR 1.6, p = 0.025), T3/4 stage (HR 1.8, p = 0.022), distant metastasis (HR 2.5, p = 0.007), tumor grade (HR 1.9, p = 0.001) and R status (HR 1.7, p = 0.023) were identified as independent negative prognostic factors following multivariable analysis.ConclusionElevated preoperative bilirubin-adjusted serum CA19-9 correlates with regional lymph node metastases and constitutes a negative independent prognostic factor after resection of DCC.     

癌相关抗原125对慢性肝病合并腹水的诊断价值

检测慢性肝病合并腹水形成患者血浆及腹水中CA12 5水平 ,探讨其临床意义。采用ELISA法检测 141例慢性肝病患者血浆CA12 5值 ,对 40例合并腹水的慢性肝病同时测腹水CA12 5值。结果显示 ( 1)慢性肝病合并腹水形成者血浆CA12 5值显著高于无腹水形成者 (P <0 0 1) ;( 2 )腹水中CA12 5值显著高于血浆中值 (P <0 0 1) ,且二者呈正相关 (r=0 965 ,P <0 0 1) ;( 3 )大量放腹水后 ,血浆中及腹水中CA12 5值显著下降 ,且腹水CA12 5值下降的幅度大于血浆CA12 5值下降的幅度 (P <0 0 1)。提示CA12 5是诊断慢性肝病合并腹水形成的一项敏感指标     

联合检测血清、腹水肿瘤标志物对良、恶性腹水的鉴别诊断价值

目的 探索肿瘤标志物对良、恶性腹水的鉴别诊断价值.方法 回顾性分析我院2008年12月～2013年2月收治的126例腹水患者的病历资料.根据病因将其分为恶性腹水组（58例）和良性腹水组（肝硬化腹水36例,结核性腹水32例）,比较血清和腹水中甲胎蛋白（AFP）、糖链抗原（CA） 19-9、CA125、CA72-4、癌胚抗原（CEA）在良恶性腹水患者的差异,并对有统计学意义的指标构建受试者工作特征曲线（ROC曲线）图,以期寻找最佳临界值.结果 恶性腹水患者血清及腹水中CA19-9、CA72-4、CEA含量均高于良性腹水患者,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,良、恶性腹水患者腹水及血清中AFP、CA125含量差别均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.血清CA72-4、腹水CA19-9、CA72-4和CEA的ROC曲线下面积分别为0.701、0.783、0.752和0.848,准确度最高时其临界值分别为4.03 U/ml、19.33 U/ml、1.895 U/ml和1.41 ng/ml,腹水和血清CA19-9、CA72-4、CEA 3项指标联合检测的敏感性均较单项检测指标高,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,敏感性和特异性分别为48.28％、79.41％、71.43％和91.18％.结论 血清和腹水中CA19-9,CA72-4,CEA水平的检测有助于良恶性腹水的鉴别诊断,构建ROC曲线可为恶性腹水的诊断提供最佳生化指标的组合.     

Combination of repeated single-session percutaneous ethanol injection and transarterial chemoembolisation compared to repeated single-session percutaneous ethanol injection in patients with non-resectable hepatocellular carcinoma

AIM: To evaluate the treatment effect of percutaneous ethanol injection (PEI) for patients with advanced, non-resectable HCC compared with combination of transarterial chemoembolisation (TACE) and repeated single-session PEI, repeated single-session PEI alone, repeated TACE alone, or best supportive care. METHODS: All patients who received PEI treatment during the study period were included and stratified to one of the following treatment modalities according to physical status and tumor extent: combination of TACE and repeated single-session PEI, repeated single-session PEI alone, repeated TACE alone, or best supportive care. Prognostic value of clinical parameters including Okuda-classification, presence of portal vein thrombosis, presence of ascites, number of tumors, maximum tumor diameter, and serum cholinesterase (CHE), as well as Child-Pugh stage, a-fetoprotein (AFP), fever, incidence of complications were assessed and compared between the groups. Survival was determined using Kaplan-Meier and multivariate regression analyses. RESULTS: The 1- and 3-year survival of all patients was 73% and 47%. In the subgroup analyses, the combination of TACE and PEI (1) was associated with a longer survival (1-, 3-, 5-year survival: 90%, 52%, and 43%) compared to PEI treatment alone (2) (1-, 3-, 5-year survival: 65%, 50%, and 37%). Secondary PEI after initial stratification to TACE (3) yielded comparable results (1-, 3-, 5-year survival: 91%, 40%, and 30%) while PEI after stratification to best supportive care (4) was associated with decreased survival (1-, 3-, 5-year survival: 50%, 23%, 12%). Apart from the chosen treatment modalities, predictors for better survival were tumor number (n < 5), tumor size (< 5 cm), no ascites before PEI, and stable serum cholinesterase after PEI (P < 0.05). The mortality within 2 wk after PEI was 2.8% (n = 3). There were 24 (8.9%) major complications after PEI including segmental liver infarction, focal liver necrosis, and liver abscess. All complications could be managed non-surgically. CONCLUSION: Repeated single-session PEI is effective in patients with advanced HCC at an acceptable and manageable complication rate. Patients stratified to a combination of TACE and PEI can expect longer survival than those stratified to repeated PEI alone. Furthermore, patients with large or multiple tumors in good clinical status may also profit from a combination of TACE and reconsideration for secondary PEI.