钙库操纵钙内流和钠钙交换体在卡巴胆碱引起的气管平滑肌收缩中的作用

目的 探讨钙库操纵钙内流(SOCE)和钠钙交换体(NCX)在卡巴胆碱引起的气管平滑肌收缩中的作用.方法 采用小鼠离体气管实验,观察NCX特异性阻断剂KB-R7943、电压依赖型钙通道阻断剂尼非地平、Orai1阻断剂BTP2对卡巴胆碱引起的气管收缩的抑制效应.结果 KB-R7943和BTP2显著阻断了累积浓度卡巴胆碱引起的小鼠气管收缩和卡巴胆碱引起的SOCE介导的气管收缩,而尼非地平未显著阻断卡巴胆碱引起的气管收缩.结论 NCX和Orai1都参与介导卡巴胆碱引起的气管平滑肌收缩,Orai1主要参与卡巴胆碱引起的起始阶段的瞬时收缩,NCX主要参与后期的持续收缩,而起始阶段的Orai1介导的钙内流可能是激活NCX的前提条件,阻断Orai1的同时也会导致后期NCX引起的收缩阻断,两者共同参与介导卡巴胆碱引起的收缩.     

塞曲司特对致喘介质诱发的豚鼠离体气管条和肺条收缩的影响

目的 在体外研究血栓素A2受体拮抗剂塞曲司特对组胺、乙酰胆碱、KCI诱发的豚鼠离体气管条和肺条收缩作用的抑制影响，并与短效β2受体激动剂沙丁胺醇比较。方法用定量药理分析方法测定和记录：(1)用塞曲司特孵育前后组胺、乙酰胆碱、KCI诱发的豚鼠离体气管条的收缩；(2)用沙丁胺醇孵育前后组胺、KCI诱发的豚鼠离体气管条的收缩；(3)塞曲司特、沙丁胺醇对组胺诱导的豚鼠肺条收缩的影响。结果(1)组胺、乙酰胆碱在体外引起了豚鼠离体气管条的浓度依赖性的收缩，塞曲司特抑制了组胺、乙酰胆碱诱发的收缩；(2)对60mmo1／LKCI诱发的气管条收缩，塞曲司特、沙丁胺醇均可抑制其最大收缩反应；(3)对组胺诱导的肺条收缩，塞曲司特、沙丁胺醇均明显拮抗了其收缩。结论塞曲司特对致喘介质诱发的豚鼠离体气管条和肺条收缩有明显的抑制作用，是一种有效的支气管扩张剂。     

14,15-EET 通过 TRPV4-SKCa 复合物调节气管平滑肌收缩机制研究

目的：探讨花生四烯酸细胞色素 P450(CYP)表氧化酶代谢产物14,15-环氧化二十碳三烯酸(14,15-EET)对小鼠气管平滑肌收缩功能的影响及其机制。方法采用离体气管实验,通过运用特异性钙激活钾通道阻断剂和瞬时受体电位离子通道4(TRPV4)通道阻断剂,观察14,15-EET 对卡巴胆碱引起的小鼠气管收缩的影响;采用免疫共沉淀实验检测 TRPV4通道蛋白与小电导钙激活钾通道(SKCa )蛋白在小鼠气管平滑肌组织中的相互作用。结果与对照组相比,300 nmol/ L 14,15-EET 预处理小鼠气管后,卡巴胆碱引起的收缩显著减弱;大、中电导钙激活钾通道阻断剂 IbTX 和TRAM34没有显著影响14,15-EET 对卡巴胆碱引起的小鼠气管收缩的抑制效应;而 SKCa阻断剂 Apamin 和 TRPV4通道阻断剂 RN-1734都分别显著阻断了14,15-EET 对卡巴胆碱引起的小鼠气管收缩的抑制作用。免疫共沉淀结果显示TRPV4通道蛋白和 SKCa通道蛋白可以彼此相互共沉淀。结论在小鼠气管平滑肌中,14,15-EET 通过 TPRV4-SKCa钙信号复合物调节气管平滑肌的收缩。     

海群生对豚鼠离体气管条平滑肌收缩的影响

目的 研究枸橼酸乙胺嗪（ＤＥＣ）对豚鼠离体气管条平滑肌收缩反应的影响及其机制。方法 利用离体方法，取乞管条放入３７℃浴管的Ｋｒｅｂｓ溶液中，分别在浴液中加入药物，测定ＫＣｌ和５－羟色胺（５－ＨＴ）收缩气管条的作用和量效反应以及ＤＥＣ和维拉帕米对ＫＣＩ和５－ＨＴ作用的影响。结果 ＤＥＣ能使ＫＣＩ或５－ＨＴ引起的气管平滑肌收缩显著抑制，其ＩＣ５０值分别为５．０３ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ和９．５４ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ，与维     

塞曲司特对致喘递质诱导的豚鼠气管条和肺条收缩作用的影响

目的:探讨血栓素A2受体拮抗剂塞曲司特对组胺、乙酰胆碱、KCl诱导的豚鼠离体气管条和肺条收缩作用的抑制影响,并与短效β2受体激动剂特布他林比较.方法:用定量药理分析方法测定和记录:①用塞曲司特孵育前后组胺、乙酰胆碱、KCl诱发的豚鼠离体气管条的收缩;②用特布他林孵育前后组胺、乙酰胆碱、KCl诱发的豚鼠离体气管条的收缩;③塞曲司特、特布他林对组胺诱导的豚鼠肺条收缩的影响.结果:①组胺、乙酰胆碱在体外引起了豚鼠离体气管条的浓度依赖性的收缩,pD2分别为(6.19±0.47)和(5.99±0.21),塞曲司特抑制了组胺、乙酰胆碱诱发的收缩,pD2分别为(4.16±0.82)和(3.61±0.57).②对60 mmol/L KCl诱发的气管条收缩,塞曲司特、特布他林均可抑制其最大收缩反应,IC50分别为7.28×10-6 mol/L、3.36×10-6mol/L.③对组胺诱导的肺条收缩,塞曲司特、特布他林均有明显的拮抗作用.结论:塞曲司特对致喘递质诱发的豚鼠离体气管条和肺条收缩有明显的抑制作用,是一种有效的支气管扩张剂.     

安定对兔离体气管平滑肌收缩力的影响

为了对有气道高反应的患者选用理想的镇静安定药提供参考依据,采用研究不同浓度的安定对氯化钾、乙酰胆碱、电脉冲3种刺激因素诱发兔离体气管子滑肌收缩影响的方法。结果：0．018mmol／L的安定无明显抑制作用（P＞0．05）,0．18mmol／L和0．36mmol／L的安定可显著抑制这3种刺激因素诱发的气管平滑肌收缩（P＜0．05或P＜0．01）,β受体阻滞剂普萘乐尔和中枢性苯二氮受体阻滞剂氟马西尼不能拮抗安定对气管平滑肌收缩的抑制作用。结论：安定对兔离体气管平滑肌张力有显著的抑制作用,其部分作用机制与抑制外钙内流和内钙释放及抑制蛋白激酶C（PKC）信号传导系统有关。     

青心酮对豚鼠离体气管条张力的影响及其机制

采用气管条浴槽实验方法,观察青心酮对离体豚鼠气管螺旋条张力的影响。结果发现：ＤＨＡＰ明显松驰豚鼠的离体气管平滑肌;抑制由乙酰胆碱、组胺和氯化钾所了体豚鼠气管平滑肌的收缩反应,对５－羟色胺诱发的由内钙释放引起的Ⅰ相收缩和外钙内流所致的Ⅱ相气管平滑肌收缩均有一定的抑制作用。     

蜂毒素对离体血管的作用

目的 研究蜂毒素对离体血管的作用及其机制。方法 用内皮完整及去内皮的主动脉条，研究蜂毒素的收缩、松因管的作用，并用放免分析法检测中介中血管紧张素Ⅱ的释放。结果 蜂毒素（０．３３￣６．６ｍｇ／Ｌ）引起事先用肾上腺素收缩的完整兔主动脉条的松弛，而使去内皮的动脉条产生收缩。其收缩作用可被卡托普利（３２７μｍｏｌ／Ｌ）拮抗。去内皮动脉条，肾素释放增加。结论 蜂毒素可引起血管内皮依赖性松驰，其收缩作用可能通     

蜂毒素对离体血管的作用

目的研究蜂毒素对离体血管的作用及其机制。方法用内皮完整及去内皮的主动脉条，研究蜂毒素的收缩、松驰血管的作用，并用放免分析法检测中介中血管紧张素Ⅱ的释放。结果蜂毒素（０．３３～６．６ｍｇ／Ｌ）引起事先用肾上腺素收缩的完整兔主动脉条的松弛，而使去内皮的动脉条产生收缩。其收缩作用可被卡托普利（３２７μｍｏｌ／Ｌ）拮抗。去内皮动脉条，肾素释放增加。结论蜂毒素可引起血管内皮依赖性松驰，其收缩作用可能通过肾素中介。     

沙枣水提物对豚鼠离体回肠平滑肌运动的影响

目的：观察沙枣水提取物对豚鼠离体回肠平滑肌的影响并探讨其作用机制。方法：以豚鼠肠道收缩幅度和抑制率为指标,观察不同浓度的沙枣水提取物对回肠平滑肌收缩的影响。结果：沙枣水提物（5．44mg／ml、10．8mg／ml、21．6mg／ml）能够抑制豚鼠回肠的自发活动,使收缩力减弱,对乙酰胆碱、BaCl2引起的回肠收缩加强有拮抗作用。结论：沙枣水提物能抑制豚鼠回肠收缩运动,随剂量加大而作用加强,这种作用可能由胃肠道的胆碱受体介导,或直接作用于回肠平滑肌细胞,具有钙拮抗作用,而与组胺受体无关。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.