同种异体骨支撑架微创治疗股骨头坏死的临床研究

目的应用改良髓芯减压术结合同种异体骨支撑架加自体骨和脱钙骨基质（decalcified bone matrix，DBM）治疗早期股骨头坏死，探索早期股骨头坏死的微创治疗方法。方法2004年1月～2005年4月，23例24个髋关节采用经大转子下通过股骨颈钻隧道至股骨头骨坏死区，将装有自体松质骨和DBM的同种异体骨支撑架经隧道拧入骨坏死区直至软骨下骨约5mm处，隧道远端用自体髂骨填塞。观察手术前后Harris评分变化、x线影像学表现及是否需进一步治疗。结果本组所有患者均获得随访，平均随访19（12—27）个月，以最后一次随访资料作为最终评价依据。Harris评分，术前优良率为43．5％（10／23）。术后优良率为91．3％（21／23）。22侧髋关节影像学表现保持稳定，无明显并发症发生。结论同种异体骨支撑架植入结合自体松质骨和DBM治疗成人股骨头坏死，增加了股骨头负重区软骨下骨的机械支撑，成骨作用强，有利于股骨头坏死的修复与重建，同时，不破坏患者股骨头本身的血液供应，创伤小，操作简单，值得临床推广使用。     

两种强化股骨头力学结构治疗股骨头坏死临床疗效比较

[目的]比较同种异体骨支撑架/自体松质骨/脱钙骨基质（DBM）与钛合金支撑架/自体松质骨/脱钙骨基质（DBM）分别植入行髓芯减压后的股骨头,强化其力学结构,治疗股骨头坏死的疗效。[方法]2001年1月～2004年8月治疗成人股骨头坏死（FicatⅠ～Ⅲ期）63例（68髋）,在股骨头坏死行髓芯减压后分别植入同种异体骨支撑架/自体松质骨/DBM（A组）和钛合金支撑架/自体松质骨/DBM（B组）,A组32例（34髋）,B组31例（34髋）,分别观察2组病例的手术时间、术中出血量、Harris髋关节评分、X线影像学进展情况及并发症的发生率。[结果]两组所有患者均获得随访,平均随访47个月（24～67个月）,以最后1次随访资料作为最终评价依据。两组在手术时间、术中出血量、Harris评分变化、X线影像学进展情况及并发症的发生率方面均无显著性差异,但两组术后的Harris评分均较术前明显提高,差异有显著性。[结论]同种异体骨支撑架结合自体松质骨和DBM植入治疗成人股骨头坏死,和钛合金支撑架一样能增加股骨头负重区软骨下骨的机械支撑,有利于股骨头坏死的修复与重建。能用同种异体骨支撑架代替钛合金支撑架以加强股骨头软骨下骨的机械强度治疗股骨头坏死。     

钛合金支撑架结合自体骨和DBM治疗股骨头坏死

【目的】探讨空心钛合金支架植入结合自体松质骨和脱钙骨基质（DBM）治疗成人股骨头坏死初步疗效。【方法】采用经大转子下通过股骨颈钻隧道至股骨头骨坏死区，将装有自体松质骨和DBM的空心钛合金支架经隧道置入骨坏死区直至软骨下骨约5mm处，髓道远端用自体髂骨填塞。【结果】经临床应用13例。15个髋关节，随访14-36个月，并按成人股骨头缺血性坏死疗效百分评价法进行评价，优良率为93．3％。【结论】空心钛合金支架植入结合自体松质骨和DBM治疗成人股骨头坏死具有以下优点：（1）手术操作简单，不破坏患者股骨头本身的血液供应，创伤小。（2）将具有骨诱导活性的DBM直接放入骨坏死区，成骨作用强。（3）增加股骨头负重区软骨下骨的机械支撑，降低局部应力，有利于股骨头坏死的修复及重建。     

病灶清除结合自体骨植入支撑治疗股骨头早中期坏死

目的 探讨病灶清除结合自体骨植入支撑治疗成人股骨头坏死初步疗效.方法 42例57髋经大粗隆下通过股骨颈钻隧道至股骨头骨坏死区,将自体腓骨经隧道植入骨坏死区达软骨下骨约5 mm处.结果 随访14～36个月,按Haaris评分标准评价疗效,优良率为84.2%.结论 病灶清除结合自体骨植人支撑治疗成人股骨头坏死具有以下优点:①手术操作简单,不破坏患者股骨头的血液供应,创伤小,且不增加日后行人工关节置换的难度;②自体骨移植避免排异反应,愈合能力强;③隧道的建立缓解了关节囊内压力,同时腓骨瓣植入增加股骨头负重区软骨下骨的机械支撑,降低局部应力,有利于股骨头坏死的修复及重建.     

同种异体骨支撑架结合自体骨和DBM治疗股骨头坏死的生物力学研究

[目的]研究同种异体骨支撑架结合自体骨和脱钙骨基质（decalcified bone matrix，DBM）植入治疗股骨头坏死生物力学变化。[方法]建立羊双侧股骨头坏死模型，4周后分为4组：单纯行髓芯减压组（A组）、髓芯减压后植入自体松质骨和OSTEOSET^2 DBM组（B组）、髓芯减压后植入同种异体骨支撑架／自体松质骨OSTEOSE^2 DBM组（C组）和正常对照组。术后分别于5、10、20周对股骨头行影像学、组织学观察和生物力学测定。[结果]影像学和组织学检查结果显示C组在髓芯减压区骨缺损修复及成骨方面较B组略高，B、C两组都较同时期的A组明显增强。生物力学测试结果表明，术后5、10、20周时C组力学强度较A、B两组明显增高．差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05），在10、20周时C组股骨头生物力学强度和正常股骨头己无明显差异。[结论]应用同种异体骨支撑架结合自体骨和脱钙骨基质治疗股骨头坏死，能有效加强股骨头的力学结构，促进坏死骨的修复，防止股骨头关节面的塌陷。     

强化力学结构治疗股骨头坏死的实验研究

目的探讨髓芯减压术后利用同种异体骨支撑架结合自体骨和脱钙骨基质（DBM）植入治疗股骨头坏死的可行性。方法取大尾羊22只，其中2只作为正常对照组，其余20只建立双侧股骨头坏死模型，4周后随机挑选2只检测股骨头坏死情况，确定造模成功后，将其余18只（36侧）随机分为A、B、C三组，每组6只（12侧），A组单纯行髓芯减压，B组在行髓芯减压后植入自体松质骨和DBM，C组在行髓芯减压后植入同种异体骨支撑架、自体松质骨和DBM。分别于术后5、10和20周对股骨头行影像学检查、生物力学测试和组织学观察。结果影像学检查和组织学观察结果显示C组在髓芯减压区骨缺损修复及成骨方面较B组略高，但差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）；B、C两组都较同时期的A组明显增强，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。生物力学测试结果表明，术后5、10、20周时C组力学强度较A、B两组明显增高，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05），在10、20周时C组股骨头生物力学强度和正常股骨头无明显差异。结论应用同种异体骨支撑架结合自体骨和DBM治疗股骨头坏死，能有效加强股骨头的力学结构、促进坏死骨的修复及防止股骨头关节面的塌陷。     

空心钛支撑架结合自体骨移植治疗股骨头坏死

目的探讨应用空心钛支撑架结合自体骨移植治疗股骨头坏死近期疗效。方法11例12个股骨头采用从转子下经转子至股骨头坏死区域钻相应隧道,清除坏死骨,取自体髂骨松质骨装入空心钛支架内后植入股骨头坏死区域隧道内,隧道远端采取生物材料填充。结果患者均获得1~3年随访,7例疼痛消失,2例疼痛明显减轻,2例症状改善。结论采用空心钛支撑架结合自体骨移植治疗FicatⅠ~Ⅱ期的股骨头坏死,效果满意。     

同种异体螺纹骨笼结合脱钙骨基质治疗成人股骨头缺血性坏死

目的探讨采用同种异体螺纹骨笼结合脱钙骨基质(DBM)治疗早、中期股骨头缺血性坏死(ONFH)的中期随访效果。方法采用同种异体骨支撑架结合DBM治疗40例(60髋)ONFH患者并随访观察。按Ficat分期:Ⅱ期35髋,Ⅲ期25髋。结果 40例(60髋)获随访,时间9年6个月~12年5个月。术后Harris评分为(82.78±10.77),与术前(53.20±15.72)分比较差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。其中优29髋,良20髋,可3髋,差8髋,优良率81.7%。差评的8髋全部行人工全髋关节置换术。结论同种异体螺纹骨笼联合DBM治疗成人ONFH手术损伤小,特别是适合治疗早期ONFH的年轻患者,中期疗效满意,能有效防止股骨头塌陷。     

钛合金支撑架植入治疗股骨头缺血性坏死的动物实验研究

[目的]通过动物模型,观察支撑架置入治疗狗股骨头缺血性坏死的疗效。[方法]本研究设计一种中空多孔圆柱状带螺纹的钛合金支撑架,选用成年杂种狗15只,用液氮冷冻法制造股骨头坏死模型,通过中心减压钻隧道至股骨头坏死区软骨下骨,然后沿隧道拧入支撑架。术后分期处死,取标本观察相关指标。[结果]术后无1例发生股骨头塌陷,X线片显示支撑架位置良好,组织学观察显示术后坏死股骨头得以逐步重建,再生的松质骨小梁能够长入支撑架中并改建、修复、替代股骨头内坏死的骨组织,形成穿越支撑架网孔的网状松质骨结构。[结论]利用多孔中空支撑架给股骨头坏死区软骨下骨板提供支撑,防止股骨头塌陷。多孔网状结构容许松质骨的长入和爬行替代,对治疗狗股骨头坏死有明显疗效。提示钛合金支撑架可用于股骨头坏死的治疗。     

钻孔减压自体松质骨打压植骨结合同种异体腓骨棒植入治疗早期股骨头坏死的近期疗效观察

目的回顾性分析钻孔减压基础上自体松质骨植入结合同种异体腓骨移植治疗早期股骨头坏死（ONFH）（塌陷前期）的近期临床疗效。方法从2009年8月至2011年5月,本组共19例（19髋）诊断为ONFH（FicatⅡ期）患者接受股骨头钻孔减压、经减压通道清除股骨头坏死骨并取转子间区自体松质骨打压植骨,经通道植入经深低温冷冻处理的同种异体腓骨棒治疗。患者年龄26～47岁,平均36.4岁,男17例,女2例。15例为酒精性ONFH,4例为激素性ONFH。其中15例为双侧ONFH,7例一侧因股骨头塌陷同时接受全髋关节置换治疗,8例因另外一侧无症状或已塌陷但临床症状不明显而接受观察、保守治疗。术前采用Harris评分系统进行患髋评分。术后予以对症治疗,定期随访、拍片复查。结果本组16例（16髋）获得随访,失访3例,其中末次电话随访3例（3髋）,平均随访14个月。Harris评分由术前74分提高到末次随访时的85分（78～96分）。酒精性ONFH患者和激素性ONFH患者之间术前及术后Harris评分无明显差别。影像学检查显示,移植同种异体腓骨位置良好,顶端位于股骨头关节面软骨下骨5～8mm,平均6.6mm,腓骨顶端于股骨头外上方负重区;无1例发生腓骨脱出。1例1髋病情进展股骨头发生塌陷,无1例接受全髋关节置换治疗。无感染（包括浅表感染和深部移植之腓骨周围感染）,无术中、术后股骨转子间或股骨颈骨折发生。结论髓芯减压结合自体松质骨移植基础上,植入同种异体腓骨对早期ONFH近期临床疗效满意,中远期临床效果尚待进一步观察。     

Penetration of Acrylic Bone Cements into Cancellous Bone

The depth of penetration of five commercial acrylic bone cements into cancellous bone was measured in vitro. Under standard, idealized conditions, cement penetration was found to vary significantly with different cements. Penetration was critically influenced by the coarseness of the cancellous bone and increased directly with the effective volume of the “cells” within the osseous matrix. An inverse correlation was determined between the mean cement viscosity during flow into the bone and final penetration depth. The dough time, set time and working time of each acrylic formulation was found to have no significant effect upon the depth of cement penetration.

It is suggested that in addition to the techniques adopted for introduction of cement to the bone, the selection of the bone cement itself may critically influence the incidence of late loosening following total joint replacement.     

Penetration of Acrylic Bone Cements into Cancellous Bone

The depth of penetration of five commercial acrylic bone cements into cancellous bone was measured in vitro. Under standard, idealized conditions, cement penetration was found to vary significantly with different cements. Penetration was critically influenced by the coarseness of the cancellous bone and increased directly with the effective volume of the “cells” within the osseous matrix. An inverse correlation was determined between the mean cement viscosity during flow into the bone and final penetration depth. The dough time, set time and working time of each acrylic formulation was found to have no significant effect upon the depth of cement penetration.

It is suggested that in addition to the techniques adopted for introduction of cement to the bone, the selection of the bone cement itself may critically influence the incidence of late loosening following total joint replacement.     

Repair of Bone Defects by Bone Inductive Material

Experimental fibular defects in 16 rats were filled with an acid decalcified homogenous bone matrix (bone inductive material). Autogenous bone grafts in corresponding defects in the other legs of the same rats served as controls. After 3 months, 11 of the 16 defects filled with bone inductive material healed with bony union, but only 4 of the 16 defects treated with autogenous bone grafts had healed. The results suggest that bone inductive material can repair bone defects which are too large to be healed by autogenous bone grafts.     

Whole Bone Mechanics and Bone Quality

Background  

The skeleton plays a critical structural role in bearing functional loads, and failure to do so results in fracture. As we evaluate new therapeutics and consider treatments to prevent skeletal fractures, understanding the basic mechanics underlying whole bone testing and the key principles and characteristics contributing to the structural strength of a bone is critical.     

Solid Aneurysmal Bone Cyst of the Metacarpal Bone

Background: A solid aneurysmal bone cyst is a rare tumor-like lesion of bone. As conventional aneurysmal bone cyst it is a benign, although locally destructive lesion. While the aneurysmal bone cyst is characterized by cyst-like walls of predominantly fibrous tissue filled with free-floating blood, the solid variant shows essential findings identical to those seen in the walls of conventional aneurysmal bone cysts, except that the lesion almost completely lacks the blood-filled spaces and the cyst walls. Differential Diagnosis: Aneurysmal bone cysts and solid aneurysmal bone cysts may easily be mistaken for a malignant tumor, both radiologically and histologically, due to their great rate of growth, tremendous destruction of bone, and marked cellular exuberance in the early to mid phase of development. Case Study: A case of solid aneurysmal bone cyst of the fourth metacarpal is presented. In spite of the relatively unusual location it allows to clearly demonstrate both, the task of correct differential diagnosis and the surgical spectrum of therapy including local recurrence.     

The Penetration of Lincomycin into Normal Human Bone: Determinations of Penetration into Compact Bone, Spongy Bone and Bone Marrow

The penetration of lincomycin into normal bone was studied in 10 patients with fracture of the neck of the femur, a separate determination being made of the lincomycin concentration in serum, bone marrow, spongy bone and compact bone. The concentration of lincomycin in bone marrow was found to be at the same level as that in the serum. The concentration in spongy bone amounted in most cases to 50 to 75 per cent of the concentration in the serum, whereas the concentration in compact bone varied from 0 to 15 per cent of that in the serum.     

异体胎骨移植治疗小儿四肢肿瘤性骨缺损

胎儿骨移植是近几年国内采用的一种新的植骨方法，我院采用胎儿骨移植治疗小儿四肢肿瘤性骨缺损４２例，取得了较好的效果，治疗结果表明胎儿骨免疫排斥反应弱，骨诱导能力强，来源丰富，取材容易，能有效的弥补小儿肿瘤性骨缺损范围大，需要大量植骨，而自体骨可供移植用的骨量较少，取材困难的缺陷。     

骨转移生化指标在乳腺癌诊治中的应用

目的：介绍骨生化指标在乳腺癌骨转移诊治中的应用及价值。方法：分析总结近8年来国、内外关于骨生化指标在乳腺癌骨转移诊治中的应用研究。结果：破骨型生化指标氮端肽(NTX)与骨转移的相关性最好，Ⅰ型胶原碳端肽(ICTP)在乳腺癌骨转移诊治中比NTX更有价值；成骨型生化指标在乳腺癌骨转移诊治中的价值不大。结论：骨生化指标尚不能取代影像学及骨活检在乳腺癌骨转移诊治中的地位。