豫西南地区新发现HIV/AIDS病人外周血淋巴细胞亚群及WB带型分析北大核心CSCD

目的分析豫西南地区新发现的艾滋病病毒（HIV）感染者/艾滋病（AIDS）病人（简称HIV/AIDS病人）的外周血淋巴细胞亚群和实验室蛋白印迹条带（WB）带型,为平顶山市的艾滋病防控寻找依据。方法选取2014年1月至2016年12月,平顶山市疾病预防控制中心艾滋病确证实验室检测的580例HIV/AIDS病人为研究对象,设置AIDS病人（A组）、HIV感染者（B组）、健康体检者（C组）,统计分析三组外周血淋巴细胞亚群[CD4^＋T淋巴细胞（简称CD4细胞）、CD8^＋T淋巴细胞（简称CD8细胞）、CD4/CD8]计数、比值和WB带型。结果 B组108例HIV感染者,CD4细胞计数、CD4/CD8比值低于137例健康体检者（对照组）,CD8细胞计数高于对照组（P〈0.05）;A组472例AIDS病人CD4细胞和CD8细胞计数、CD4/CD8比值低于B组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。将A组和B组按照性别（男女）、年龄（〉50岁,≤50）再分组,按CD4细胞和CD8细胞计数、CD4/CD8比值对比,差异均无统计学意义。A组、B组WB全带型和次全带型发生率对比分析,差异有统计学意义;按照WB全带型和次全带型分析,A、B两组CD4细胞和CD8细胞计数对比,差异均有统计学意义;A组WB全带型与次全带型组内分析,CD4细胞计数、CD4/CD8比值对比,差异均有统计学意义,CD8细胞计数对比,差异无统计学意义;B组全带型与次全带型组内分析,CD4/CD8比值对比,差异有统计学意义。结论豫西南地区新发现病例以艾滋病病人为主,淋巴细胞破坏较重,HIV感染者次全带的发生率显著高于艾滋病病人。     

HIV感染者/AIDS病人外周血淋巴细胞凋亡与CD+4T淋巴细胞水平的临床实验研究

目的探讨艾滋病病毒感染者/艾滋病患者(HIV/AIDS患者)外周血淋巴细胞凋亡与CD4 T淋巴细胞水平的关系。方法采用流式细胞技术测定HIV/AIDS患者外周血淋巴细胞凋亡百分率和CD4 T淋巴细胞计数。结果各对比组中淋巴细胞调亡百分率有统计学差异(F=898,P<0.01),表现为AIDS组>HIV感染组>对照组(q12=46,q13=58,q23=12,P均<0.01);CD4 T淋巴细胞水平亦呈现出统计学差异(F=13 270,P<0.01),表现为对照组>HIV感染组>AIDS组(q12=33,q13=203,q23=185,P均<0.01)。结论HIV/AIDS患者CD4 T淋巴细胞水平与外周血淋巴细胞凋亡具有一定程度的关联性,为进一步深入研究提供了有益的线索。     

胰岛素对体外培养人淋巴细胞生成Th1/Th2因子平衡的调节作用

目的 探讨胰岛素（Ins）及Ins受体对免疫系统功能的调节作用。了解Ins对体外培养人Th细胞分泌Th1／Th2类细胞因子的影响。方法 用4种Ins浓度的无血清培养基体外培养、激活人外周血淋巴细胞，ELISA法测定其IL-4、IFN了水平。结果A、B组（Ins浓度分别为10、1nmoi／L）的INF-γ水平低于C、D组（Ins浓度分别为0．1、0nmol／L）（P＜0．05）。而IL-4水平4组间比较差异无统计学意义。A、B组的INF-γ/IL-4比值均显著低于C、D组（P〈0．05）。结论 Ins调节体外培养人淋巴细胞的Th1／Th2平衡。     

CD4~+T淋巴细胞亚群与HBV感染不同临床转归的关系

人体感染乙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis B virus,HBV)后可有无症状的隐性感染、急性乙型肝炎和急性重型乙型肝炎等多种临床表现.此后有的清除病毒,表现为自限性HBV感染,而约90%的儿童和10%的成人则转为HBV携带者或慢性乙型肝炎,并可进一步发展成肝硬化和肝细胞癌.CD4+T淋巴细胞在抗感染免疫中起核心作用.他有Th1、Th2、Treg、Th17、Th22、Tfh和Th9等多种亚群,均可来自于同一祖细胞(Th0),有着各自的分化途径和分泌不同的细胞因子,起着不同的作用.但彼此又相互作用和相互转化,尤其是Th1/Th2和Th17/Treg的平衡在HBV感染的临床转归中发挥着重要作用.     

结核病与Th1/Th2细胞亚群研究进展

结核病是全世界由单一致病菌导致死亡最多的疾病,其发生和发展与很多因素有关,其中最重要的是感染的菌量及其毒力的大小和机体的反应性（免疫反应或变态反应）.随着分子生物学和免疫学的发展,人们发现辅助性T细胞（Helper T cell, Th）亚群与结核病发生及机体免疫有密切关系.CD4 T和CD8 T细胞是结核病患者产生保护性免疫反应的主要效应细胞.[第一段]     

富马酸卢帕他定片对慢性自发性荨麻疹患者T淋巴细胞及Th1/Th2失衡的影响

目的 探讨富马酸卢帕他定片对慢性自发性荨麻疹患者T淋巴细胞及1型辅助性T细胞(Th1)/2型辅助性T细胞(Th2)失衡的调节作用.方法 将152例慢性自发性荨麻疹患者随机分成观察组和对照组各76例,观察组给予富马酸卢帕他定片10 mg/次口服,对照组给予开瑞坦片10 mg/次口服,均1次/d.治疗前及治疗4周后分别对皮...     

Th1/Th2亚群与自身免疫性甲状腺疾病

辅助性Ｔ细胞Ｔｈ1/Ｔｈ2 亚群的区分极大地提高了人们对细胞因子网络的认识 ,以表达白细胞介素 (ＩＬ) 2和γ干扰素 (ＩＦＮ γ)为主的Ｔｈ1细胞 ,可增强杀伤细胞的细胞毒性 ,激发迟发性超敏反应 ,介导细胞免疫应答 ,促进抗体ＩｇＧ2 的产生 ;以表达ＩＬ 4,ＩＬ 6 ,ＩＬ 10为主的Ｔｈ2 细胞 ,促进ＩｇＧ1,ＩｇＥ ,ＩｇＡ等抗体的产生 ,介导体液免疫应答。机体的ＣＤ 4Ｔ细胞正常情况下处于前体状态 ,成为仅表达少量ＩＬ 2的Ｔｈｐ细胞 ,当特异性抗原刺激抗原提呈细胞 (ＡＰＣ)后 ,诱导Ｔｈｐ细胞成为Ｔｈｐ’细胞 ,后者可迅速分化为Ｔｈ0…     

2013年北京市新发现HIV/AIDS病人首次CD_4~+T淋巴细胞检测状况及影响因素

目的了解2013年北京市新发现艾滋病病毒(HIV)感染者/艾滋病(AIDS)病人(简称HIV/AIDS病人)的首次CD+4T淋巴细胞(简称CD4细胞)检测情况及影响因素。方法使用艾滋病综合防治数据信息系统中的病例报告卡数据库和随访数据库,对相关数据进行统计分析。结果截至2013年12月31日,北京市2013年新发现的2311例HIV/AIDS病人中,92.6%(2141例)在当年接受了首次CD4细胞检测。接受了首次检测的HIV/AIDS病人中,36.9%的人是在病例报告后7天以上进行的,CD4细胞计数平均值为382个/μL;42.3%的人首次CD4细胞计数≤350个/μL。样本来源为性病门诊、自愿咨询检测(VCT)、术前检测、其他就诊者检测的个案。首次CD4细胞检测的不及时率以及晚发现比例均较高。结论有针对性的提高新发现HIV/AIDS病人的CD4细胞检测的及时性,完善CD4细胞检测机制与合理分布检测设备,以保证符合抗病毒治疗要求的病人及时转介并接受治疗。     

重庆市HIV/AIDS病人首次病毒载量和CD4^＋T淋巴细胞检测结果及相关性

目的探讨重庆市艾滋病病毒（HIV）感染者/艾滋病（AIDS）病人（简称HIV/AIDS病人）外周血病毒载量（VL）和CD4^＋T淋巴细胞（简称CD4细胞）计数相关性。方法采用BD流式细胞仪和LightCycler PCR仪检测585例HIV/AIDS病人同期外周血CD4细胞及VL,分析其相关性。结果 48例VL低于试剂盒检测下限,537例能被定量检测。VL与CD4细胞总体呈显著负相关（r=-0.57,P〈0.01）,不同CD4细胞区间VL值有显著性差异（χ2=134.29,P〈0.01）,在CD4细胞≤200区间VL与CD4细胞呈显著负相关（r=-0.34,P〈0.01）,CD4细胞在201-400区间二者无相关（r=-0.16,P=0.09）,CD4细胞〉400区间二者呈负相关（r=-0.28,P=0.04）。结论 HIV/AIDS病人CD4细胞与VL在CD4细胞不同区间相关性表现各异,同时检测CD4细胞及VL有助于掌控病人病情变化和调整救治措施。     

Reduced expression of the regulatory CD4+ T cell subset is related to Th1/Th2 balance and disease severity in rheumatoid arthritis

OBJECTIVE: To elucidate the involvement of the regulatory CD4+ T cells that produce high levels of interleukin-10 (IL-10) and low levels of IL-4 and IL-2 in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), we investigated whether the frequency of this type of CD4+ T cell subset in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) or synovial lymphocyte infiltrates of patients with RA correlated with disease severity and histologic features in rheumatoid synovium. METHODS: PBL and synovial lymphocyte infiltrates were isolated from peripheral blood samples and synovial tissues obtained from 25 patients with RA. Control specimens were obtained from 18 patients with osteoarthritis (OA) and 10 patients with traumatic injuries of the knee joint. CD4+ T cell subsets were categorized as Th1 (production of interferon-gamma [IFNgamma], but not IL-4), Th2 (production of IL-4, but not IFNgamma), or CD4+ T cell subsets producing IL-10, IL-2, or IL-4. The percentages of these T helper subsets among PBL and among synovial infiltrating lymphocytes were determined by an intracellular staining assay with flow cytometric analysis. RESULTS: The level of expression of CD4+ T cells producing IL-10 but not IL-2 and IL-4 in the peripheral blood and synovial tissue was significantly lower in RA patients than in OA patients and trauma patients. In RA patients, the frequency of this type of CD4+ T cell subset among synovial infiltrating CD4+ T cells was inversely correlated with the frequency of Th1 cells and the Th1/Th2 balance in synovial lymphocytes, serum C-reactive protein value, disease activity score, and the degree of synovial lining hyperplasia and lymphocyte infiltration in rheumatoid synovium. There was a reciprocal relationship between the frequency of Thl cells and CD4+ T cells producing IL-10 but not IL-2 and IL-4 in the peripheral blood of RA patients. CONCLUSION: In RA, reduced expression of the CD4+ T cell subset producing IL-10 but not IL-2 and IL-4 may be responsible for the dominance of Th1 over Th2 cells at sites of inflamed synovium and in the peripheral blood. Decreases in this type of CD4+ T cell subset may induce the down-regulation of T cell tolerance and exacerbate the inflammatory process in RA.     

Association between HIV Type 1-specific T cell responses and CD4+ T cell counts or CD4+:CD8+ T cell ratios in HIV Type 1 subtype B infection in China

CD4+ T cell counts and CD4+:CD8+ T cell ratios represent key determinants of HIV disease progression and infectivity. However, the relationship between the HIV-1-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response and these determinants has not been elucidated for all HIV-1B and HIV-1C proteins. In the present study, virusspecific T cell responses to HIV-1B and HIV-1C proteins were analyzed with interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) enzyme- linked immunospot (ELISpot) assays using synthetic overlapping peptides corresponding to naturally occurring HIV-1B and HIV-1C consensus sequences. For Gag/Gag p24/Gag p17, a correlation between T cell responses and CD4+ T cell count in HIV-1 clade B and clade C was seen: elevated T cell response resulted in higher CD4+ T cell production. A statistically significant correlation between the Pol-specific T cell response and CD4+ T cell counts was also found in HIV-1 subtype C. For all HIV-1B and HIV-1C proteins, a correlation between the HIV-1-specific T cell response and CD4+:CD8+ T cell ratios was found for Tat and Pol proteins. CD4+ T cell counts in patients with Tat and/or Rev T cell response were higher than in patients without Tat and/or Rev T cell response. We suggest that this correlation within HIV-1B and HIV-1C Gag p24/Gag p17 responses makes the Gag p24/Gag p17 region a potential vaccine candidate and that HIV-1-specific CTL epitopes toward Pol are important in controlling HIV-1 infection; we emphasize that future vaccination strategies should include these early antigens, Tat and Rev.     

Analysis of Th1 and Th2 cytokines expressing CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in rheumatoid arthritis by flow cytometry

OBJECTIVE: A Th1/Th2 cytokine imbalance with a predominance of Th1 cytokines has been suggested to be of pathogenetic importance in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). To evaluate the role of Th1/Th2 cytokines in RA, we used intracellular cytokine flow cytometry to determine cytokine profiles of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in 34 peripheral blood (PB) and 10 synovial fluid (SF) samples from patients with RA. Results were compared with 10 PB samples from healthy controls (HC) and 5 SF samples from patients with non-RA synovitis. METHODS: After stimulating cells with PMA and ionomycin or alternatively with anti-CD3/CD28 in the presence of brefeldin A, intracellular levels of Th1 [interleukin 2 (IL-2), interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma)] and Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-13) were determined for CD3+CD8- (i.e., CD4+ Th1 and Th2 cells) and CD3+CD8+ (i.e., CD8+ Tc1 and Tc2 cells) T cells. RESULTS: The percentages of CD4+ and CD8+ Th1 and Th2 cytokines producing T cells (PB) were similar in patients with RA and healthy controls (HC), with a clear predominance of Th1 cytokines expressing, T cells. With regard to T cell subsets, IFN-gamma-producing T cells were significantly more frequently detected in the CD8+ subset [CD8+: median 45.1% (RA; p < 0.001), 38.2% (HC; p = 0.009) vs CD4+: 10.8%(RA), 17.0% (HC)]. Conversely, IL-2 was found in a higher percentage of CD4+ T cells [CD4+: median 33.4% (RA), 17.9% (HC) vs CD8+: 23.6% (RA), 12.3% (HC)]. Patients not in disease remission tended to have more IFN-gamma-producing CD8+ and IL-2-producing CD4+ T cells than patients in remission [CD8+: median 45.9% (IFN-gamma) vs 23.0% (IFN-gamma); CD4+: median 34.1% (IL-2) vs 18.2% (IL-2)1. In all PB samples, the proportion of T cells producing the Th2 cytokines IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, and IL-13 did not exceed 2%. Cytokine profiles did not differ between patients receiving immunosuppressive treatment and patients treated only with nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs. In comparison to PB, RA SF analysis revealed a significant increase in the percentage of IFN-gamma-producing CD4+ (p < 0.001) and CD8+ T cells (p < 0.001). In addition, the percentage of IL-10-producing CD4+ (p < 0.001) as well as CD8+ T cells (p = 0.001) was significantly elevated in SF. However, production of the other Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, IL-13) was similar in SF and PB. CONCLUSION: These data indicate similar cytokine profiles of T cells in PB of RA patients and healthy controls, with a strong predominance of Th1 cytokines producing T cells in the CD4+ and CD8+ T cell subset of both groups. PB cytokine profiles did not significantly differ in patients with active and non-active disease or between patients receiving and those not receiving immunosuppressive medication. In SF, the proportion of Th1 and Tcl cells was significantly elevated compared to PB, emphasizing the local importance of these cells for inflammation. CD8+ T cells (Tc1 cells) mainly contributed to the production of IFN-gamma, indicating an underestimated role of this cell subset for local cytokine production. The upregulation of IL-10-producing Th2 and Tc2 cells in SF may reflect an insufficient effort to down-regulate chronic inflammation in the joint. Modifying this cytokine imbalance in the joints may be a promising therapeutic approach in RA.     

脾胃湿热证与Th1/Th2细胞平衡的相关研究

目的研究脾胃湿热证中Th1/Th2细胞免疫平衡改变的情况。方法病例为经胃镜检查诊断为慢性浅表性胃炎及消化性溃疡病人,共57例,分为脾胃湿热证(33例)及脾气虚证(24例)两组,正常对照组15例。采用ELISA法测定血清细胞因子IL-4和IFN-γ水平,并比较IFN-γ/IL-4值。结果脾胃湿热组IL-4值均较脾气虚组和对照组显著降低(P<0.05);而脾胃湿热组IFN-γ值和IFN-γ/IL-4比值升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论提示慢性浅表性胃炎和消化性溃疡中脾胃湿热证患者机体Th1/Th2细胞免疫失衡,细胞因子网络调节紊乱,以Th1细胞反应占优势。     

Th1/Th2及CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞与非酒精性脂肪性肝炎

非酒精性脂肪性肝炎(NASH)是与代谢性疾病相关的一类疾病,目前其发病机制仍未完全清楚.CD4 T辅助细胞具有重要的免疫功能,优先向Th1亚群分化参与NASH的发病,Th1/Th2比值下降,促炎症细胞因子IFN-γ、TNF-α分泌增多,机制可能与胰岛素抵抗或者肝内免疫功能异常有关.CD4 CD25 调节性T细胞分泌TGF-β、IL-10抑制性细胞因子,通过抑制Th1和Th2的增殖和分化,控制疾病的进程.此文主要就Th1/Th2及CD4 CD25 调节性T细胞在非酒精性脂肪性肝炎中的研究进展作一综述.     

Th1/Th2漂移与支气管哮喘的免疫治疗

Th1/Th2细胞在不同的细胞因子、抗原等因素的影响下，可发生Th1/Th2的转换，研究表明在支气管哮喘（哮喘）的发生机制中，Th2细胞分化明显增多，而Th1细胞数目减少。因此，促进Th1反应，抑制Th2反应的免疫治疗是治疗哮喘的重要部分。目前许多调节Th1/Th2失衡的免疫治疗方法已取得一些进展。     

CD8+CD38+ T cells but not HIV type 1 RNA viral load predict CD4+ T cell loss in a predominantly minority female HIV+ adolescent population

The purpose of this study was to evaluate predictors of HIV-1 disease progression in a cohort of predominantly female and minority adolescents who had acquired their HIV-1 infections through sexual risk behaviors. Subjects were identified from the REACH cohort who were not on antiretroviral therapy for at least 1 year and whose baseline CD4(+) T cells were >300 cells/mm(3). Biomedical and demographic characteristics of the subjects at the start of the study period were evaluated as predictors of CD4(+) T cell loss in univariate and multivariate models. Two-thirds of the 99 subjects meeting the selection criteria were female and 87% were black or Hispanic similar to the REACH cohort as a whole. Higher absolute CD8(+) CD38(+) T cell counts at the start of the assessment period were associated with a greater rate of loss of CD4(+) T cells. HIV-1 RNA viral load was among other potential predictors of HIV-1 disease progression that had no association with the rate of CD4(+) T cell loss in this cohort. This study extends the observed association of higher CD8(+) CD38(+) T cells numbers being predictive of HIV-1 disease progression into predominantly female, minority youth.     

乳腺癌患者外周血CD4^＋CD25^＋ Treg细胞及Th1/Th2类细胞因子水平测定及意义

目的探讨乳腺癌患者外周血CD4＋CD2＋5调节性T细胞（CD4＋CD2＋5Treg）水平变化在肿瘤发生、发展中的作用及机制。方法流式细胞术检测45例健康人（对照组）、44例乳腺良性增生患者（增生组）、61例乳腺癌患者（乳腺癌组）外周血CD4＋CD2＋5Treg水平,ELISA法检测三组Th1类细胞因子IL-2、IFN-γ、TNF-α和Th2类细胞因子IL-6水平;分析CD4＋CD2＋5Treg与肿瘤临床病理特征及细胞因子的关系。结果乳腺癌组TNM分期Ⅲ、Ⅳ期患者外周血CD4＋CD2＋5Treg细胞水平显著高于0~Ⅱ期患者、对照组和增生组,且术后水平显著低于术前（P均〈0.05）;乳腺癌组TNM分期Ⅲ、Ⅳ期患者血清IL-2、IFN-γ、TNF-α水平明显低于0~Ⅱ期患者、对照组和增生组,IL-6水平则反之（P均〈0.05）;乳腺癌组外周血CD4＋CD2＋5Treg细胞水平与IL-2、IFN-γ、TNF-α水平呈负相关（r=-0.579、-0.607、-0.691）,与IL-6呈正相关（r=0.804）,P均〈0.05。结论外周血CD4＋CD2＋5Treg细胞水平与乳腺癌发生、发展有关,可能机制为通过调节Th1/Th2细胞因子平衡参与机体免疫应答。