藻酸钙敷料在鼻内镜术后术腔填塞效果的临床观察

目的 比较鼻内镜手术(endoscopic sinus surgery,ESS)后藻酸钙敷料(Sorbalgon(?)Tamponade Strips)与金霉素油纱条填塞术腔的效果,以寻求更好的鼻腔、鼻窦填塞材料。方法 对53例慢性鼻窦炎患者在鼻内镜手术后应用藻酸钙敷料随机填塞一侧鼻腔,金霉素油纱条填塞另一侧鼻腔作为对照。观察及评价填塞与抽取时,两侧鼻腔的出血量、疼痛及鼻粘膜水肿情况;并对两侧鼻粘膜进行光镜观察及比较。结果 应用藻酸钙敷料填塞止血效果好,填塞及抽取时出血少(P<0.01);鼻腔疼痛轻(P<0.01);术后鼻腔粘膜水肿轻(P<0.05)。填塞藻酸钙敷料的鼻腔,术后第三周鼻粘膜炎性细胞浸润程度与填塞金霉素油纱条的对照组比较差异无显著性(P>0.05)。结论 藻酸钙敷料是较理想的鼻腔手术后填塞止血材料。     

膨胀海绵与纳米银敷料用于鼻腔填塞的临床观察

目的通过比较鼻内镜术腔两种填塞物的临床效果,为临床选择填塞物提供客观的参考意见。方法选择2010年11月～2012年3月行鼻内镜手术的150例患者,随机分为2组,A组（77例）术后填塞膨胀海绵,B组（73例）术后填塞纳米银敷料,运用视觉模拟量表（VAS）,比较两组患者术后鼻腔及头部胀痛程度、抽取填塞物后鼻腔出血情况,以评价两者的临床疗效。结果A组患者术后74.03%有较明显的鼻部及头部胀痛,而B组则为47.95%,两者之间比较差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;A组患者抽取填塞物后有80.52%出现鼻腔再次出血,而B组患者对应的数据为69.86%,两者之间比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论两者的止血效果没有明显差异,膨胀海绵填塞方便,但存在形状固定、膨胀后鼻部及头部胀痛明显等问题,而纳米银抗菌敷料能够根据需要裁剪后进行有针对性的填塞,减少了术后出血的同时具有抗菌、止痛等优点,是鼻内镜术后比较理想的填塞材料。     

鼻内镜下纳吸绵微型填塞法治疗鼻腔深部出血的护理观察

目的鼻内镜术后应用可降解纳吸棉治疗鼻腔深部出血的护理观察。方法选择鼻内镜术后病例60例,随机分为两组,单纯膨胀海绵填塞组(A组)和纳吸棉(Naso Pore)填塞组(B组),比较两组填塞物在鼻内镜术后止血效果及患者疼痛观察。结果可降解纳吸绵(Naso Pore)填塞组(B组)在术后止血、抽除填塞物后出血及疼痛情况显著好于单纯膨胀海绵填塞组(A组),(均P0.05)。结论纳吸棉有止血性和可吸收性,术后用纳吸棉填塞效果好。     

三种填塞材料在鼻内镜术后填塞中的临床效果分析

目的　探讨三种不同的填塞材料在在鼻内镜术后填塞中的临床效果。方法　选取60例鼻-鼻窦炎患者,术前采用视觉模拟量表（VAS）、Lund-kennedy鼻内镜检查评分系统,Lund-mackay鼻窦CT评分系统进行鼻窦病变严重程度评价,全部行鼻内镜鼻窦手术,术后根据情况分别置入凡士林胶皮指套（20例）、膨胀海棉（20例）、凡士林纱条（20例）进行填塞止血,48小时后取出填塞物。观察不同填塞材料在鼻内镜术后填塞应用中的止血效果,抽取鼻腔填塞物时难易程度、患者疼痛程度及鼻腔黏膜出血情况等,判断疗效。结果　凡士林纱条胶皮指套填塞期与抽取时患者疼痛程度小,抽取时难度小、出血量少;膨胀海棉组患者填塞期出血量多;凡士林纱条组患者填塞期及抽取时疼痛程度高。结论　自制凡士林纱条外套胶皮指套填塞物,表面光滑,无刺激性,具有弹性、黏膜之间黏附性小,抽取时较容易,鼻腔清洁度佳,达到满意临床效果,材料来源容易,制作工艺简单,价格低廉,对基层医院有临床推广价值。     

减少鼻腔通气对鼻内镜术后创面愈合的影响

目的：采用前鼻孔放置棉球的方法减少鼻腔通气,观察鼻内镜术后创面愈合的情况。方法：2005年1月～2006年1月我们为192例慢性鼻窦炎患者行功能性鼻内镜手术。其中A组30例患者在取出鼻腔填塞物后于前鼻孔放置棉球以减少鼻腔通气;在余下的162例中以鼻窦炎类型为配对标准1∶1抽取未放置棉球的患者30例为B组。分析AB两组在术后1、2、4、12周的鼻内镜检查结果。结果：术后4周,A组鼻腔痂皮明显少于B组。术后12周,A组鼻黏膜水肿和囊泡少于B 组。A组有11侧（单侧9例,双侧1例）鼻腔轻度粘连,B组22侧（单侧10例,双侧6例）轻度粘连,2侧（均为单侧）重度粘连,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。相关性分析显示,术后4周内鼻腔痂皮多者,术后12周易发生鼻腔粘连、鼻黏膜水肿及囊泡形成。结论：鼻内镜手术患者在取出鼻腔填塞物后,于前鼻孔放置棉球是减少鼻腔痂皮形成简单而有效的方法,有利于术腔创面愈合。     

功能性鼻内镜术后不填塞术腔观察

功能性鼻内镜手术（functional endoscopic surgery,FESS）是目前耳鼻咽喉科开展的最广泛的一种手术方式,它开展多年,手术方式发生了很大变化,手术创伤也明显减轻,但在术后填塞方面基本上延续了传统的方法。近年来对术腔止血敷料有多种选择填塞,如凡士林油纱条、止血膨胀海绵、止血纱布,甚至有硅胶扩张引流管等。但这些传统鼻内镜术后的鼻腔止血通常是依靠鼻腔填塞实现,患者不仅在意手术本身造成的痛苦,也十分关注术后填塞物尚未取出时的不适感,及抽取填塞物时的痛苦。Stammberger认为,功能性内镜鼻窦手术术后可不进行术腔填塞。近年来,国内学者也有这方面的研究并取得很好的疗效。     

内镜鼻窦手术后Rhino凝胶填塞效果的观察

目的 前瞻性比较新型鼻腔填塞材料Rhino凝胶与传统填塞物用于内镜鼻窦手术后填塞的效果.方法 对双侧病变基本对称,手术范围基本相同的24例慢性鼻窦炎患者行内镜鼻窦手术,术后右侧鼻腔以Rhino凝胶填塞(观察组),左侧鼻腔以藻酸钙+油纱条填塞(对照组).术后1日抽取对照侧填充物,观察侧凝胶保留至术后1周第1次内镜复查时清理,鼻腔冲洗、鼻喷糖皮质激素等其他局部处理双侧鼻腔相同.采用视觉模拟量表(visual analog scale,VAS)记录两侧鼻腔术后当天(填塞期)、术后第1天(抽取左侧填充物时)、术后第2天(抽取左侧填充物后)患者鼻痛、鼻堵程度,分泌物、渗血、流泪量,以及术后内镜复查术腔恢复情况(干痂、分泌物、反应膜、黏膜水肿、囊泡、窦口阻塞),并对两组上述11项观察项目评分和上皮化时间进行比较.结果 苏醒时因血压过高,凝胶侧鼻腔出血改用纱条填塞1例;外地患者失访2例.余21例完成2～20个月的随访.术后当天、术后第1天鼻痛,术后当天流泪评分,Rhino组<对照组(Z值分别为-3.575、-3.546、-2.736,P值均<0.05);术后第1天渗血评分,Rhino组<对照组(Z=-3.075,P<0.05);术后1周术腔干痂评分,Rhino组<对照组(Z=-2.103,P<0.05);其余各项评分差异无统计学意义;凝胶侧术腔平均上皮化时间为(10.7±2.6)周,对照侧为(10.6±2.9)周,两组差异无统计学意义(t=-0.146,P=0.886).结论 Rhino凝胶可减轻患者鼻腔填塞期的不适,并可避免专门撤除填充物造成的痛苦和出血,较传统方法有明显的优越性.在促进术腔恢复方面与传统方式相当.     

低温等离子联合微填塞技术在难治性鼻出血治疗中的应用与评价

目的 探讨低温等离子联合鼻腔微填塞技术在难治性鼻出血的治疗中的应用价值,评价其疗效及安全性.方法 选取107例难治性鼻出血患者,随机分为两组:观察组58例,行鼻内镜下低温等离子联合鼻腔膨胀海绵微填塞治疗.对照组49例,行鼻内镜下后鼻孔填塞及鼻腔油纱条填塞治疗.对比两组疗效、术后患者主观不适感以视觉模拟评分法(visua...     

含妥布霉素地塞米松滴眼液的膨胀海棉与凡士林纱条对术后鼻腔填塞疗效的比较

目的探讨含妥布霉素地塞米松滴眼液的膨胀海棉应用于鼻内镜术后鼻腔填塞的效果。方法对40例鼻内镜术后的慢性鼻窦炎患者,分别采用含妥布霉素地塞米松滴眼液的膨胀海棉和凡士林纱条填塞鼻腔,48 h后抽出填塞物,观察患者填塞及抽出填塞物后鼻腔胀痛、头痛、出血程度及黏膜水肿程度进行比较。结果鼻内镜术后用含妥布霉素地塞米松滴眼液的膨胀海棉填塞鼻腔较凡士林纱条填塞患者不适程度小,出血量少,反应轻。结论含妥布霉素地塞米松滴眼液的膨胀海棉填塞鼻腔效果较好,可推广。     

鼻内镜手术后鼻腔填塞物的选择及效果比较

目的 前瞻性比较四种鼻腔填塞材料的疗效,指导临床选择合适的术后鼻内填塞物。方法 选择凡士林纱条、Merocel、瑞纳及硅胶管4组,采用视觉模拟评分法(visual analogue scale,VAS)评分和记录填塞期及抽取时病人的舒适程度、控制鼻出血的有效性和抽取填塞物的难易程度并进行比较。结果瑞纳组病人填塞期不适程度最小,与其他三组比较均有显著差异(P<0.01),抽取时的不适感也较小于凡士林纱条组以及硅胶管组(P<0.05);凡士林纱条术后当天渗血量少于其他组(P<0.05);瑞纳组抽取比较容易,相对凡士林纱条组以及硅胶管组有显著差异(P<0.0 1);抽取时凡士林纱条组渗血最多。结论鼻内镜手术时,应综合考虑手术范围、操作难易度、控制出血、减轻疼痛、有利愈合、确保效果等诸方面因素合理选用术后填塞物。瑞纳优势较为全面,可作为鼻内镜手术的常规填塞材料。     

The use of tetracaine 0.25% solution in nasal packing removal

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate efficacy of Merocel nasal package rehydration with tetracaine 0.25% solution, in reducing discomfort of nasal packing removal after septoplasty. METHODS: A prospective study was conducted on patients undergoing pure septoplasty. Merocel packing was applied in each side and kept for 2 days postoperatively. Merocel was rehydrated before removal, with 4 mL of saline on one side and 4 mL of tetracaine 0.25% solution on the other side. Patients were asked to evaluate severity of pain during nasal packing removal on each side by a visual analog scale. Patients' data, pain score, and potential complications were placed in a database and statistically assessed. RESULTS: Our series consisted of 141 persons. Statistical analysis showed significant lower pain score in favor of the tetracaine group. No tetracaine complications or side effects occurred. CONCLUSION: Merocel packing rehydration with tetracaine 0.25% solution is an easy, safe, inexpensive, and effective analgesia method for nasal packing removal in septoplasty.     

Nasal septal packing: which one?

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of four different types of nasal packs on pain, nasal fullness and postoperative bleeding following septoplasty. Prospective randomised double blind study was conducted. The study group included 119 patients who underwent endonasal septoplasty under general anaesthesia. Four types of nasal packing materials were utilized: (1) Merocel standard 8-cm nasal dressing without airway, (2) Doyle Combo splint (DCS), (3) Merocel in a glove finger and (4) Vaseline gauze. All packs were removed at the 48th hour (±3?h) after the surgery. Three different variables were investigated following the surgical procedure: (1) pain, (2) nasal fullness and (3) bleeding after removal of the nasal packing material. DCS produced the greatest pain at the first and sixth postoperative hours. At the first postoperative day, the greatest pain score was reported for Merocel in the glove finger and the least for Merocel. The pain scores during the removal of the nasal packings were highest for Merocel and lowest for Merocel in the glove finger. DCS had the lowest nasal fullness score. Bleeding ratio was highest for Merocel, followed by Vaseline gauze, DCS and Merocel in the glove finger. Many different commercially available packing materials are presently used, each with inherent advantages and disadvantages. We evaluated the pain, nasal fullness and bleeding potential of four nasal packing materials and determined that Merocel had the highest pain potential during removal and the highest rate of bleeding following removal.     

Double-blind randomised controlled trial comparing Merocel with Rapid Rhino nasal packs after routine nasal surgery

INTRODUCTION: Nasal packing after routine nasal surgery is commonly practiced in the UK. The most popular pack appears to be Merocel, however this can be associated with significant pain on its removal. AIM: To test the efficacy of a relatively new nasal pack--the Rapid Rhino Goodman pack--introduced to our department, which claims to reduce pain and bleeding after nasal surgery. METHODS: Fourteen patients undergoing routine nasal surgery were recruited into a randomised controlled trial. One nasal cavity was packed with a Merocel pack and the other with a Rapid Rhino Goodman pack. Patients were asked to record pain levels on each side using a visual analogue scale. RESULTS: We found no difference between packs whilst in-situ, with all patients recording low to moderate pain scores. There were significantly higher pain levels associated with Merocel pack removal than with Rapid Rhino pack removal (average pain scores 5.64 vs 1.64, p < 0.001) and less bleeding overall. CONCLUSIONS: Rapid Rhino (Goodman pack) is associated with significantly less pain on removal than Merocel pack, causes less bleeding and is not more painful whilst in-situ. We therefore recommend its use in routine nasal surgery.     

Foam nasal packs: a prospective, randomised, patient-controlled study

OBJECTIVES: To compare the efficacy of Spiggle and Merocel foam packs following routine nasal surgery. DESIGN: Prospective, randomised, single-blind, paired study. PARTICIPANTS: Twenty adult patients undergoing elective nasal surgery. INTERVENTION: At the end of nasal surgery patients were randomised to have a Spiggle pack inserted in one nasal cavity and a Merocel pack in the other. Packs were removed the following morning. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcome measure was pain due to the presence of packs in the nose and pain associated with their removal. This was measured using a visual analogue scale. Secondary outcome measures were bleeding, crusting and adhesion formation. RESULTS: Both packs were effective at preventing postoperative haemorrhage. Bleeding following removal was minimal. There were no significant differences between the packs in terms of levels of discomfort experienced 6 hours after surgery or the following morning prior to removal (p = 0.3 and p = 0.3 respectively). However, the Spiggle foam pack caused significantly less pain on removal compared with the Merocel foam pack (mean difference 1.4; 95% CI 0.4 to 2.4, p = 0.005). There were no significant differences in terms of crust and adhesion formation. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, both the Spiggle and Merocel foam nasal packs were well tolerated while in the nose. Both provided good postoperative haemostasis and were not associated with bleeding on removal. The Spiggle foam pack had the advantage of causing significantly less pain on removal. However, it must be borne in mind that in this study the Spiggle pack was more likely to be positioned in the non-incised nasal cavity, the side that would generally be expected to be associated with less pain.     

Evaluation of calcium alginate nasal packing (Algostéril) versus Polyvinyl acetal (Merocel) for nasal packing after inferior turbinate resection

Nasal packing is commonly used to control postoperative bleeding in patients undergoing endonasal surgical procedures. Bleeding and pain on packing removal are frequently reported. The principal objective of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of Algosteril to control post-operative nasal bleeding. The secondary objective was to assess nasal bleeding and pain on packing removal, and to evaluate the endoscopic appearance of nasal mucosa 9 days after the procedure. This open, multicenter, randomized, controlled study was conducted on 50 patients undergoing partial bilateral inferior turbinectomy, packed with Algosteril on one side versus Polyvinyl acetal tampon (Merocel) on the other side following a left/right randomization. Both nasal packs effectively prevented post-operative bleeding. However, bleeding on packing removal was statistically less frequent and less severe with Algosteril than with Polyvinyl acetal (p = 0.016). In addition, pain was statistically lower with Algosteril than with Polyvinyl acetal (p = 0.0001). A trend to a better healing of the wound on day 9 was observed with Algosteril, leading us to further investigations. Algosteril nasal packing is as effective as Polyvinyl acetal in preventing postoperative bleeding following partial inferior turbinate resection. Its removal, however, is less traumatic for the nasal mucosa and less painful for the patient, therefore improving patient's comfort.     

慢性鼻－鼻窦炎术后术腔填塞盐酸罗哌卡因高膨胀止血棉缓解鼻部疼痛的疗效观察

摘要：目的探讨慢性鼻-鼻窦炎手术后鼻腔内填塞注入盐酸罗哌卡因的高膨胀止血棉（Merocel）缓解疼痛的疗效。方法选择慢性鼻-鼻窦炎患者68例术后鼻腔内填塞注入盐酸罗哌卡因的高膨胀止血棉作为观察组。同期手术的慢性鼻-鼻窦炎患者38例，术后鼻腔内填塞注入生理盐水的高膨胀止血棉作为对照组。术后疼痛分成鼻部疼痛、门齿疼痛、额部疼痛及整体疼痛4个症状，并且在术后第1天与第2天利用视觉模拟评分法(visual analogue scale，VAS)对手术后疼痛程度进行评分，并对两组进行比较。 结果观察组患者术后疼痛均有不同程度地缓解，特别是鼻部疼痛及总体疼痛明显比对照组轻（P＜0.01）。结论慢性鼻-鼻窦炎术后高膨胀止血棉内注入盐酸罗哌卡因填塞鼻腔可以明显缓解术后鼻部疼痛。     

Hemostasis in endoscopic sinus surgery using a specific gelatin-thrombin based agent (FloSeal)

The safety and efficacy of a new hemostatic sealant, based on a gel with collagen derived particles and topical thrombin (FloSeal, Fusion Medical Technologies, Inc. Fremont, CA) were assessed as an alternative to nasal packing for hemostasis in functional endoscopic sinus surgery. In a prospective clinical study of 50 patients undergoing bilateral endoscopic anterior ethmoidectomy, 2 ml FloSeal was used after surgery to stop bleeding. The results were compared to a control group of 50 patients with Merocel packing and showed that intraoperative hemostasis was rapid and equal in both groups. The main advantages of the new hemostatic sealant included a higher degree of comfort during postoperative nasal breathing and absence of complaints due to pressure or pain. There was only one case of postoperative bleeding on the 6th day, which required nasal packing. There were no more cases of stenoses or synechia in the ostiomeatal complex than were found in the Merocel group. No systemic side effects due to FloSeal were observed. This specific hemostatic sealant was shown to be a safe and efficacious alternative method for hemostasis in endoscopic sinus surgery with high patient satisfaction and an easy and fast mode of application.     

三种鼻腔填塞材料在鼻内镜手术中的疗效比较

目的：探讨三种鼻腔填塞材料在鼻内镜手术中的应用效果。方法：2004年1月至8月为慢性鼻窦炎、鼻息肉75例行内窥镜鼻窦手术，男49例,女26例,平均42 岁。Ⅱ型2期36例,Ⅱ 型3期21例,Ⅲ型18例。局部或全身麻醉下行Messerklinger鼻窦内窥镜手术,术后随机予以凡士林油纱条、Merocel高分子止血棉、瑞纳凝胶快速止血材料中的一种填塞鼻腔,每组25例，48～72?h后取出填塞物，观察患者鼻痛、头痛的程度及取出填塞物后的渗血情况，判断疗效。结果：凡士林油纱条组80％的患者出现鼻痛、头痛等症状，64％的患者抽出鼻腔填塞物后有渗血；瑞纳凝胶快速止血材料组60％的患者出现鼻痛、头痛等症状，12％的患者抽出鼻腔填塞物后有渗血；Merocel高分子止血棉组44％的患者出现鼻痛、头痛等症状，24％的患者抽出鼻腔填塞物后有渗血；三组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。结论：三种鼻腔填塞材料中凡士林油纱条疗效可靠，价格低廉，但痛苦明显；Merocel 高分子止血棉、瑞纳凝胶快速止血材料止血效果好，痛苦小，但价格略昂贵，临床应用中可视情况而定。