Normal-pressure hydrocephalus. Onset of gait abnormality before dementia predicts good surgical outcome

In 1977, Fisher reported that in patients with possible normal-pressure hydrocephalus (NPH), if the gait abnormality preceded dementia, surgery usually had a favorable outcome and vice versa. We studied this finding in 21 patients shunted for possible NPH. By evaluating serial videotapes of gait, neuropsychological tests, and Katz index ratings, preoperatively and at approximately two months and six months postoperatively, we judged 16 patients improved. In the improved group, the families reported that the gait abnormality preceded the dementia in 11 patients and occurred at the same time in five. In the unimproved group, dementia was noted first in three patients, gait abnormality first in one patient, and gait abnormality and dementia at the same time in one patient. Using Fisher's exact test, we compared the improved and unimproved groups for gait abnormality or dementia onset first and found a significant difference. We conclude that the history of gait abnormality occurring before or after dementia in patients with possible NPH is an important prognostic factor for surgical outcome.     

Variables predicting surgical outcome in symptomatic hydrocephalus in the elderly

We prospectively studied 30 older patients who had shunt surgery for symptomatic hydrocephalus and measured outcome using serial videotaping of gait, neuropsychological testing, and the Katz index of activities of daily living. Twenty-three patients improved and 7 did not. Using univariate analysis and the Fisher exact test, we found that the following variables were significantly related to outcome: (1) time B-waves present on 24-hour CSF pressure record; (2) anterior/posterior ratio on slice 4 of regional cerebral blood flow study; (3) duration of dementia prior to surgery; and (4) gait abnormality preceding dementia. The following variables showed a trend towards significance: (1) time CSF pressure greater than 15 mm Hg; and (2) scoring either pass or fail on the Multilingual Visual Naming Test. We conclude that several variables are significantly associated with surgical outcome in symptomatic hydrocephalus in the elderly and can be used in deciding whether to recommend surgery.     

Multisegmental cervical ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament: anterior vs posterior approach

AIMS: To determine the surgical approach in patients with multisegmental (four or more segments) OPLL of the cervical spine. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Data of 27 patients who had undergone either an anterior (corpectomy with excision of OPLL and interbody fusion = 14 patients) or posterior approach (laminectomy = 12, laminoplasty = 1 patient) for the multisegmental cervical OPLL was analyzed retrospectively. The patients in each group were statistically similar in respect to preoperative factors such as age, duration of symptoms, preoperative modified Japanese orthopedic association score, OPLL thickness, effective canal diameter, and antero-posterior cord compression ratio. The clinical outcome was assessed by the Harsh grading system and recovery rate was assessed by Hirabayashi method. RESULTS: There was no statistical difference in the outcome, and recovery rate. Nine patients developed complications after anterior approach in contrast to one after posterior approach. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with multisegmental cervical OPLL, there was no significant difference in the short-term recovery rate and outcome between two groups. The immediate postoperative complications were less in patients who had undergone posterior approach. From our analysis, it appears that the posterior approach is probably the preferred method of treatment in a multisegmental OPLL in absence of preoperative kyphosis.     

脑室-腹腔分流术治疗外伤性正常压力性脑积水的疗效

目的探讨脑室-腹腔分流术(V-P分流术)治疗外伤性正常压力性脑积水的效果。方法回顾性分析48例外伤性正常压力性脑积水病人的临床资料,根据术前临床症状分为典型症状组和不典型症状组,均行V-P分流术,其中行去骨瓣减压术22例。并评估分流术后病情及预后情况。结果随访12个月,根据GOS评分,术后恢复良好12例,轻度残疾23例,重度残疾8例,植物生存3例,死亡2例。根据电话及门诊随访,病情改善41例(85.4%),病情无明显好转甚至恶化7例;其中典型症状组病情改善率100%,不典型症状组病情改善率72%。影像学检查提示:分流术后所有病人脑室均有不同程度缩小。22例行去骨瓣减压术的病人,分流术后6个月内均顺利行颅骨修补术,术后病情均明显改善。结论对外伤性正常压力性脑积水病人,把握好手术适应证,即使无典型临床症状,行V-P分流术后,大部分病人预后可获得改善。     

5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) levels in the cerebrospinal fluid of hydrocephalic children before and after ventricular shunting procedure

21 cases of hypertensive hydrocephalus were investigated for lumbar 5-HIAA before and after operation. Seven groups (posterior fossa tumors) of patients aged between 2 and 12 years were tested after tumor removal; the others (nontumorous hydrocephalus) after ventricular shunting. This last group included 8 patients with noncommunicating hydrocephalus aged between 15 days and 12 years and 6 with communicating hydrocephalus aged between 6 months and 9 years. At the time of the second determination all patients presented an improvement of clinical signs of intracranial hypertension. A correlative analysis of 5-HIAA values before and after operation is made. In tumor cases, preoperative levels were higher than controls, and a significant decrease was found after operation in comparison with preoperative levels. In nontumor cases, a significant decrease was also observed in noncommunicating hydrocephalus, confirming clinical usefulness of the results for controlling the degree of the intracranial hypertension and, in consequence, shunt performance. In communicating cases the results were disappointing, because almost always postoperative levels did not differ from the preoperative ones. Possible interpretations of the data are analyzed.     

儿童后颅窝肿瘤合并脑积水的治疗及预后影响因素分析

目的 探讨儿童后颅窝肿瘤合并脑积水患者行肿瘤切除术前对于脑积水的治疗是否影响术后脑积水的发生率,并分析术后脑积水发生的相关危险因素.方法 中山大学附属第一医院神经外科自2003年1月至2009年12月行肿瘤切除术治疗后颅窝肿瘤合并脑积水儿童患者63例,其中对术前脑积水行保守治疗43例,手术治疗20例.回顾性分析患者的临床资料并比较术前脑积水保守治疗组和手术治疗组患者术后脑积水的发生率,Logistic回归分析患者的性别、发病年龄、术前Evans指数、肿瘤病理类型、肿瘤切除程度、肿瘤生长部位等因素是否与术后脑积水的发生有关.结果 术后出现脑积水患者22例,其中术前脑积水保守治疗组14例(14/43,32.6%),术前脑积水手术治疗组8例(8/20,40.0%),2组比较脑积水发生率差异无统计学意义(P=0.564);Logistic 回归分析发现患者术前Evans指数、肿瘤生长部位、肿瘤切除程度与肿瘤切除术后脑积水的发生有关(P=0.029,p=0.036,P=0.038).结论 肿瘤切除术前脑积水的治疗并不能改变术后脑积水的发生率:术前Evans指数、肿瘤生长部位、肿瘤切除程度是肿瘤切除术后脑积水发生的危险因素.

Abstract：

Objective To explore whether preoperative treatment of hydrocephalus could change the occurrence of postoperative hydrocephalus after tumor resection in children with posterior fossa tumor, and analyze the risk factors of postoperative hydrocephalus. Methods Sixty-three children with posterior fossa tumors accompanied with hydrocephalus, admitted to our hospital from January 2003 to December 2009, were chosen; conservative treatment of preoperative hydrocephalus was performed in 43 patients and surgery was performed in the other 20 patients. The clinical data of these patients were retrospectively analyzed and the occurrence of postoperative hydrocephalus in patients performed conservative treatment and tumor resection was compared. Gender, age, Evans index, location of the tumor, extent of the tumor resection, pathology of the tumor were analyzed as risk factors using logistic regression. Results Occurrence of hydrocephalus after tumor resection showed no statistical differences between patients accepted conservative treatment (14/43, 32.6%) and patients received surgical treatment ([8/20, 40.0%], P=0.564). Evans index, location of the tumor and extent of resection were related to hydrocephalus relapse after tumor resection(P=0.029, P=0.036, P=0.038). Conclusion Preoperative treatment of hydrocephalus could not change the occurrence of hydrocephalus after tumor resection. Evans index, location of the tumor and extent of tumor resection are all risk factors of postoperative hydrocephalus.     

儿童后颅窝肿瘤合并脑积水的治疗及预后影响因素分析

目的 探讨儿童后颅窝肿瘤合并脑积水患者行肿瘤切除术前对于脑积水的治疗是否影响术后脑积水的发生率,并分析术后脑积水发生的相关危险因素.方法 中山大学附属第一医院神经外科自2003年1月至2009年12月行肿瘤切除术治疗后颅窝肿瘤合并脑积水儿童患者63例,其中对术前脑积水行保守治疗43例,手术治疗20例.回顾性分析患者的临床资料并比较术前脑积水保守治疗组和手术治疗组患者术后脑积水的发生率,Logistic回归分析患者的性别、发病年龄、术前Evans指数、肿瘤病理类型、肿瘤切除程度、肿瘤生长部位等因素是否与术后脑积水的发生有关.结果 术后出现脑积水患者22例,其中术前脑积水保守治疗组14例(14/43,32.6%),术前脑积水手术治疗组8例(8/20,40.0%),2组比较脑积水发生率差异无统计学意义(P=0.564);Logistic 回归分析发现患者术前Evans指数、肿瘤生长部位、肿瘤切除程度与肿瘤切除术后脑积水的发生有关(P=0.029,p=0.036,P=0.038).结论 肿瘤切除术前脑积水的治疗并不能改变术后脑积水的发生率:术前Evans指数、肿瘤生长部位、肿瘤切除程度是肿瘤切除术后脑积水发生的危险因素.     

儿童后颅窝肿瘤合并脑积水的治疗及预后影响因素分析

目的 探讨儿童后颅窝肿瘤合并脑积水患者行肿瘤切除术前对于脑积水的治疗是否影响术后脑积水的发生率,并分析术后脑积水发生的相关危险因素.方法 中山大学附属第一医院神经外科自2003年1月至2009年12月行肿瘤切除术治疗后颅窝肿瘤合并脑积水儿童患者63例,其中对术前脑积水行保守治疗43例,手术治疗20例.回顾性分析患者的临床资料并比较术前脑积水保守治疗组和手术治疗组患者术后脑积水的发生率,Logistic回归分析患者的性别、发病年龄、术前Evans指数、肿瘤病理类型、肿瘤切除程度、肿瘤生长部位等因素是否与术后脑积水的发生有关.结果 术后出现脑积水患者22例,其中术前脑积水保守治疗组14例(14/43,32.6%),术前脑积水手术治疗组8例(8/20,40.0%),2组比较脑积水发生率差异无统计学意义(P=0.564);Logistic 回归分析发现患者术前Evans指数、肿瘤生长部位、肿瘤切除程度与肿瘤切除术后脑积水的发生有关(P=0.029,p=0.036,P=0.038).结论 肿瘤切除术前脑积水的治疗并不能改变术后脑积水的发生率:术前Evans指数、肿瘤生长部位、肿瘤切除程度是肿瘤切除术后脑积水发生的危险因素.     

无骨折脱位型颈脊髓损伤3种金属置入物疗效观察

背景：近年来,随着解剖学、影像学、外科技术的发展及国内外学者研究的深入,无骨折脱位型颈脊髓损伤的相关治疗取得了长足进步。 目的：观察前路重建脊柱稳定、后路减压+侧块固定、前路重建脊柱稳定+后路减压治疗无骨折脱位型颈脊髓损伤的效果。 方法：回顾性分析2003-10/2005-12解放军广州军区广州总医院脊柱外科收治的无骨折脱位型颈脊髓损伤患者27例,男22例,女5例,均伤后7 d内入院,并行手术治疗。根据患者的损伤情况采用3种方式,前路减压重建脊柱稳定,后路单开门+侧块固定,前路重建脊柱稳定+后路减压。疗效评价标准采用Frankel分级及JOA评分计算改善率。 结果与结论：全部患者均获得随访,随访时间6~33个月,平均18个月。影像学复查提示减压充分,内固定固定良好,未见松动滑脱、断裂等现象,融合节段1年后均获得良好骨性融合。27例患者出院时神经系统症状均有不同程度改善。除1例Frankel A级患者无明显恢复外,其余均恢复1~4级。置入后JOA评分较置入前有明显改善,其中前路减压重建脊柱稳定组改善率为50%,后路单开门+侧块固定组改善率为53%,前路重建脊柱稳定+后路减压组改善率为51%。所有病例置入中未出现血管、神经损伤等并发症,随访中亦无并发症发生。提示根据无骨折脱位型颈脊髓损伤的不同特点,采取合理方式,可获得较好疗效。     

A Pressure Adjustment Protocol for Programmable Valves

Objective

There is no definite adjustment protocol for patients shunted with programmable valves. Therefore, we attempted to find an appropriate method to adjust the valve, initial valve-opening pressure, adjustment scale, adjustment time interval, and final valve-opening pressure of a programmable valve.

Methods

Seventy patients with hydrocephalus of various etiologies were shunted with programmable shunting devices (Micro Valve with RICKHAM® Reservoir). The most common initial diseases were subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and head trauma. Sixty-six patients had a communicating type of hydrocephalus, and 4 had an obstructive type of hydrocephalus. Fifty-one patients had normal pressure-type hydrocephalus and 19 patients had high pressure-type hydrocephalus. We set the initial valve pressure to 10-30 mmH₂O, which is lower than the preoperative lumbar tapping pressure or the intraoperative ventricular tapping pressure, conducted brain computerized tomographic (CT) scans every 2 to 3 weeks, correlated results with clinical symptoms, and reset valve-opening pressures.

Results

Initial valve-opening pressures varied from 30 to 180 mmH₂O (mean, 102 ± 27.5 mmH₂O). In high pressure-type hydrocephalus patients, we have set the initial valve-opening pressure from 100 to 180 mmH₂O. We decreased the valve-opening pressure 20-30 mmH₂O at every 2- or 3-week interval, until hydrocephalus-related symptoms improved and the size of the ventricle was normalized. There were 154 adjustments in 81 operations (mean, 1.9 times). In 19 high pressure-type patients, final valve-opening pressures were 30-160 mmH₂O, and 16 (84%) patients'' symptoms had nearly improved completely. However, in 51 normal pressure-type patients, only 31 (61%) had improved. Surprisingly, in 22 of the 31 normal pressure-type improved patients, final valve-opening pressures were 30 mmH₂O (16 patients) and 40 mmH₂O (6 patients). Furthermore, when final valve-opening pressures were adjusted to 30 mmH₂O, 14 patients symptom was improved just at the point. There were 18 (22%) major complications : 7 subdural hygroma, 6 shunt obstructions, and 5 shunt infections.

Conclusion

In normal pressure-type hydrocephalus, most patients improved when the final valve-opening pressure was 30 mmH₂O. We suggest that all normal pressure-type hydrocephalus patients be shunted with programmable valves, and their initial valve-opening pressures set to 10-30 mmH₂O below their preoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressures. If final valve-opening pressures are lowered in 20 or 30 mmH₂O scale at 2- or 3-week intervals, reaching a final pressure of 30 mmH₂O, we believe that there is a low risk of overdrainage syndromes.     

高位腰椎间盘突出症前后路植骨结合金属植入物内固定治疗效果的对比☆

目的：对比观察高位腰椎间盘突出症患者行前后路植骨结合金属植入物内固定治疗效果的比较。 方法：选择2002-09/2006-09中南大学湘雅二医院脊柱外科收治的高位腰椎间盘突出症患者33例,男20例,女13例;年龄34~61岁,平均52.5岁。全部为单一间隙椎间盘突出,其中T12~L1突出1例,L1/2突出6例,L2/3突出10例,L3/4突出16例。33例患者根据手术入路不同分为2组：后路组(n=18)：行后路双侧小关节切除自体小关节骨质及自体髂骨或异体人工骨椎间植骨及椎弓根钉内固定(经后方椎板切除入路);前路组(n=15)：行前路椎间盘切除植骨及钛板内固定(经侧前方入路)。比较两组患者的临床治疗基本情况,应用JOA 评分评价患者金属内固定材料植入前后及随访时的神经功能,总结并发症,观察植骨融合情况。 结果：33例患者均获得随访,随访时间18~48(40.5±3.0)个月,在内固定时间及金属材料植入过程中出血量计算经后方椎板切除入路优于前外侧入路,但在临床症状改善率以及神经损伤发生率方面两种方式没有显著性差异。后路组植入中2例硬脊膜撕裂,1例椎弓根螺钉位置偏斜,JOA评分由内固定前(12.84±2.59)分提高到随访时的(25.63±3.06)分,优良率为88%,随访时骨性融合率为94%;前路组植入中1例硬脊膜破裂,1例植入后单侧神经根麻痹,1例植入后出现难制性呃逆,JOA评分由内固定前(11.96±2.14)分提高到随访时的(24.92±3.91)分,优良率为84%,随访时骨性融合率93%。 结论：前路或后路手术治疗高位腰椎间盘突出症均可获得良好的临床疗效,可根据术者的熟练程度选择术式,同时应进行内固定融合。     

Extent of ictal origin in mesial temporal sclerosis patients monitored with subdural intracranial electrodes predicts outcome.

In patients with mesiotemporal sclerosis, posterior hippocampal involvement at the ictal onset is not associated with an excellent outcome. A study confirmed that ictal onset in the posterior parahippocampal gyrus is associated with a less favorable outcome compared with ictal onset in the anterior parahippocampal gyrus in patients with mesiobasal temporal lobe epilepsy who are undergoing foramen ovale recording. The authors hypothesized that involvement of the two medial contact points of posterior basal temporal subdural (SD) strip at the ictal onset, representing ictal onset in the posterior parahippocampal gyrus, may also adversely influence the surgical outcome. With this objective, the authors assessed the incidence of posterior basal temporal SD strip (the two medial contact points) involvement at the ictal onset in patients with mesiotemporal sclerosis and determined whether presence of this finding influenced surgical outcome. Thirty-six patients with mesiotemporal sclerosis underwent a single SD grid (lateral frontotemporal) and strips (three basal temporal and one orbitosubfrontal) monitoring. Based on the earliest involvement of basal temporal strips (the two medial contact points) during the seizure, patients were classified into (1) anterior and/or middle basal temporal, or (2) posterior basal temporal (with or without involvement of anterior and/or middle basal temporal) ictal onset groups. A temporal lobectomy with adequate resection of the ictal onset zone was performed in all patients. Surgical outcome was based on Engel's classification. Six of 36 (17%) patients were classified into the posterior basal temporal ictal onset group. Only two patients from the posterior basal temporal ictal onset group experienced a good outcome compared with 26 of 30 patients from anterior and/or middle basal temporal ictal onset group (P = 0.01). In patients with mesiotemporal sclerosis who were monitored with SD electrodes, involvement of the two medial contact points of posterior basal temporal strip at the ictal onset (representing ictal onset in the posterior parahippocampal gyrus) occurred in 17% of the patients. These patients might not experience an excellent surgical outcome despite including the ictal onset zone in resection. These findings may be useful in presurgical counseling of patients with mesiotemporal sclerosis who undergo intracranial SD monitoring.     

成人后颅窝巨大蛛网膜囊肿的诊断与手术治疗

目的 探讨成人后颅窝蛛网膜囊肿的诊断和治疗方法.方法 回顾性总结分析10例成人后颅窝巨大蛛网膜囊肿的临床资料和手术效果,10例全部采取开颅囊壁切除造口粘连松解术,并使之与第四脑室和蛛网膜下腔交通,1例同期行颅内多发性硬膜下积液钻孔引流术.结果 所有病人术后恢复良好,出院前症状改善6例,无变化4例.术后1周常规复查头部MRI,囊肿缩小、小脑部分复位6例.3个月后随访复查头部CT,无囊肿复发.其中小脑完全复位4例,大部分复位6例;脑积水消失、脑室恢复正常4例,脑积水减轻6例;临床症状消失7例,好转3例.结论 开颅在显微镜下获得囊肿腔与脑室及蛛网膜下腔的交通是避免后颅窝巨大蛛网膜囊肿复发和治疗脑积水的关键,手术效果良好.     

桥小脑角脑膜瘤的分类及其意义

目的 探讨桥小脑角脑膜瘤的分类及其临床意义。方法 回顾分析经于术治疗的21例桥小脑角脑膜瘤，并对其分类。结果 肿瘤全切除16例(72.7％)，无手术外死亡。随访发现2例死亡，2例复发，根据肿瘤与内听道的解剖位置关系分为后外侧(59％)和前内侧(4l％)。术前面神经功能和听力障碍的发生率前内侧组(33％，100％)高于后外侧组(8％，54％)，而后外侧以小脑症状为主，术后前内侧组易发生面神经和听力损害。结论 将桥小脑角脑膜瘤根据其与内听道之间的关系进行局部解剖分类是重要的，两的临床症状、手术入路及预后均不同。     

Somatostatin-like immunoreactivity and substance-P-like immunoreactivity in the CSF of patients with senile dementia of Alzheimer type,multi-infarct syndrome and communicating hydrocephalus

Summary The concentrations of somatostatin-like immunoreactivity (SLI) and substance-P-like immunoreactivity (SPLI) in lumbar spinal fluid of patients with senile dementia of the Alzheimer type (SDAT), multi-infarct syndrome, communicating hydrocephalus and control patients were determined by specific radio-immunoassay. Mean SLI and SPLI levels were significantly lower in an aged control patient group (mean age 83.5±5.6 years) than in an adult control patient group (mean age 30.8±10 years). In the latter group SPLI levels correlated negatively with age. Mean SLI levels decreased with deterioration in SDAT patients by up to 33% in late dementia. SPLI correlated with SLI in SDAT patients but was decreased significantly only in late dementia patients. Moderate and insignificant decreases of SLI were observed in patients with multi-infarct syndrome or communicating hydrocephalus. Analysis of SLI by gel-permeation chromatography revealed molecular heterogeneity of SLI. At least four peaks of SLI were eluted, two of which had apparent molecular weights of about 10,000 and 15,500, possibly representing somatostatin precursors. The ratio of SRIF to SLI of higher molecular weight was increased in patients with dementia compared to control patients.     

Thoracic Myelopathy Caused by Ossification of the Ligamentum Flavum

Objective

Ossification of the ligamentum flavum (OLF) is a rare cause of thoracic myelopathy. The aim of this study was to identify factors associated with the surgical outcome on the basis of preoperative clinical and radiological findings.

Methods

Data obtained in 26 patients whot underwent posterior decompression for thoracic myelopathy, caused by thoracic OLF, were analyzed retrospectively. Patient age, duration of symptoms, OLF type, preoperative and postoperative neurological status using the Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) scoring system, surgical outcome, and other factors were reviewed. We compared the various factors and postoperative prognosis. All patients had undergone decompressive laminectomy and excision of the OLF.

Results

Using the JOA score, the functional improvement was excellent in 8 patients, good in 14, fair in 2, and unchanged in 2. A mean preoperative JOA score of 6.65 improved to 8.17 after an average of 27.3 months. According to our analysis, age, gender, duration of symptoms, the involved spinal level, coexisting spinal disorders, associated trauma, intramedullary signal change, and dural adhesions were not related to the surgical outcome. However, the preoperative JOA score and type of OLF were the most important predictors of the surgical outcome.

Conclusion

Early diagnosis and sufficient surgical decompression could improve the functional prognosis for thoracic OLF. The postoperative results were found to be significantly associated with the preoperative severity of myelopathy and type of OLF.     

Correlates of local cerebral blood flow (CBF) in normal pressure hydrocephalus patients before and after shunting--A retrospective analysis of [(15)O]H(2)O PET-CBF studies in 65 patients

OBJECTIVES: Findings in local cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in Normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) have always been challenged by the variable and inconsistent relation to clinical symptoms before and after shunt treatment. [(15)O]H(2)O PET data from a consecutive cohort of 65 idiopathic NPH patients were retrospectively analyzed questioning whether the functional status before and after shunt treatment might correlate with local blood flow. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Using statistical parametric mapping (SPM99, Wellcome Department of Cognitive Neurology, London), the [(15)O]H(2)O uptake was correlated with the preoperative clinical scores, graded according to a modified Stein and Langfitt score. Furthermore, differences in the uptake in the pre-and post-shunt treatment study after seven to 10 days in patients with and without clinical improvement were studied. RESULTS: A higher clinical score significantly correlated with a reduced tracer uptake in mesial frontal (k=1,239 voxel, Z=4.41) and anterior temporal (k=469, Z=4.07) areas. In the mesial frontal areas, tracer uptake showed significant reciprocal changes in the clinically improved vs. the unimproved patients. CONCLUSION: Matched with the existing literature, the regional blood flow alterations are suggested relevant to the NPH syndrome and to post-treatment functional changes. The present rCBF findings warrant prospective studies on the accuracy of neuroimaging studies as they may provide a more specific insight into disease mechanisms.     

脑血管痉挛和手术时机对颅内破裂动脉瘤患者预后的影响

目的探讨脑血管痉挛(CVS)和手术时机对颅内破裂动脉瘤患者预后的影响。方法回顾性分析2008年11月至2009年3月经手术夹闭的71例颅内破裂动脉瘤患者的临床资料。利用经颅多普勒超声监测CVS,并分析CVS、手术时机与术中动脉瘤破裂发生率、术后主要并发症(CVS、脑积水)发生率和术后疗效(GOS评分)的关系。结果出院当天按GOS进行术后短期疗效评价,其中良好(GOS4～5分)54例,差(GOS2～3分)12例,死亡(GOS1分)5例。术前不同程度CVS患者术中动脉瘤破裂发生率、术后CVS和脑积水发生率以及患者预后良好率均无明显差异(P>0.05)。不同手术时期患者术中动脉瘤破裂发生率、术后并发症(CVS和脑积水)和患者预后良好率亦无明显差异(P>0.05)。中期手术患者中术前轻度或无CVS患者术后CVS的发生率显著低于术前中、重度CVS患者(P<0.05)。结论术前CVS程度和手术时机对颅内破裂动脉瘤患者总体预后并无显著影响;选择中期手术亦可以获得良好的治疗效果。     

颅内后循环动脉瘤的临床特征及显微外科治疗

目的 探讨颅内后循环动脉瘤的临床特征、显微外科治疗的方法及其效果.方法 对2000年1月至2008年10月手术治疗的10例颅内后循环动脉瘤的临床资料进行回顾分析.结果 动脉瘤位于基底动脉分叉部4例,大脑后动脉P1-P2交界处2例,小脑后下动脉3例,小脑前下动脉1例.以蛛网膜下腔出血为临床表现者8例,以脑神经麻痹等占位效应为表现者2例;8例行单纯动脉瘤夹闭术,2例行动脉瘤夹闭及残颈包裹术.术后随访6个月至8年,恢复良好6例,中度伤残2例,重度残疾1例,死亡1例.结论 后循环动脉瘤手术较为困难,应选择合适的入路,充分显露动脉瘤和载瘤动脉,术中尽可能保护脑干、脑干穿支动脉及脑神经,以减少手术后致死致残率.     

Selective versus non-selective temporal lobe surgery for epilepsy

Over a 10-year period 100 temporal lobe operations were performed for non-lesional temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Seventy-two patients had conventional anterior temporal lobectomy (ATL) and 28 had selective amygdalohippocampectomy (AH). Forty-three ATL patients (60%) became seizure free compared to 6 AH patients (21%) (P < 0.005). An unsatisfactory outcome was obtained in 11 (15%) ATL patients and 14 (50%) AH patients (P < 0.01). Fourteen AH patients subsequently had a second ATL procedure; 6 improved, 3 becoming seizure free. There were no differences between the two groups in the incidence of mesial temporal sclerosis (MTS) or normal pathology. However, ATL patients had a higher concordance rate of preoperative investigations which may have made them more favourable surgical candidates. It was concluded that ATL was more likely to produce a seizure free outcome than AH and should be used as the routine surgical procedure for temporal lobectomy. However, AH can give a satisfactory outcome and may be preferred when a patient has good verbal memory and all preoperative tests are concordant.