高原汽车驾驶员腰痛的流行病学调查

目的 了解高原汽车驾驶员腰痛的患病情况、流行特征。方法 通过问卷方式调查高原汽车驾驶员腰痛的流行病学特征。结果 （1）高原汽车驾驶员腰痛的患病率为86．1％，明显高于对照组（P＜0．01）。（2）高原缺氧反应、吸烟、长途驾驶均与腰痛有关。结论 本组平均年龄小而腰痛患病率高与高原恶劣的工作环境和劳动强度过大等因素有关。腰痛是与职业相关的亚临床症候群。     

高原汽车驾驶员腰痛分析

目的：本文对高原汽车驾驶员腰痛的状况,腰痛的性质、特征和诱因进行分析研究。方法：通过对1132名高原汽车驾驶员的问卷调查和91名驾驶员的体格检查,分析各种造成腰痛的原因和相关因素。结果：（1）高原缺氧反应可导致驾驶员发生腰痛,并具有一定的相关性。（2）职业行为和不良工作体位与腰痛有关。（3）腰痛性质以酸痛为主。（4）半数以上驾驶员腰背部有压痛点,而与腰背肌有关的压痛点占45.61%。结论：高原汽车驾驶员腰痛的病因较为复杂。此种腰痛为一种可逆性、与职业习惯相关的亚临床症候群。     

北京市三级医院医护人员腰痛患病率调查及相关因素分析

目的调查北京三级医院临床医护人员腰痛的患病率及分析相关因素。方法采取横截面研究,面对面问卷调查及查体获得原始数据,采用SPSS 22.0对数据进行统计学分析。结果489例医务人员接受调查,402例出现腰痛,患病率为82.4%,女性患病率(84.7%)高于男性(73.7%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);从来不参加体育活动的人出现腰痛的人数比例(86.1%)高于参加体育锻炼的人数比例(1~2次/周:76.1%;3~4次/周:74.3%;>5次/周:50.0%);差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);过去一年出现过腰痛的研究对象每天站立工作时间(4.85±3.21)h高于未出现腰痛人员(3.48±2.66)h,其差异有统计学意义。结论北京三级医院医护人员腰痛的患病率高,腰痛与站立时间、性别有关,女性患病率高于男性,教育程度和体育锻炼是腰痛的保护性因素。     

护理人员腰痛相关因素调查

目的 探讨护理人员腰痛及疼痛程度的影响因素.方法 对广州市一家三级甲等医院502名护理人员进行问卷调查.结果 调查对象中过去1年里出现腰痛者307例(61.16％),最近1周有腰痛症状者173例(34.46％).最近1周存在腰痛的调查对象中轻度疼痛者占23.70％,中度及重度疼痛者分别为61.85％和14.45％.已婚者较未婚者的患病率高;所在的工作科别不同,患病率及疼痛程度也不同;工龄越长,疼痛程度越重.结论 护理人员腰痛的患病率与婚姻状况及工作科别有关;疼痛程度与工作科别及工龄有关.     

国内护理人员腰背痛患病率的Meta分析

目的 评价国内护理人员腰背痛的患病率情况.方法 系统检索PubMed、Springer、OVID、中国期刊网、万方及维普数据库有关国内护理人员腰背痛患病率的研究文献,对纳入的文献采用Meta分析的方法进行腰痛患病率的定量合并.结果 护理人员腰痛患病率的合并值为72％(65％～79％),并得出不同科室、工龄、文献发表时间以及文献质量各亚组的患病率.结论 国内护理人员腰背痛患病率较高,而ICU护士较其他科室护士的患病率高,工龄越长,腰痛的患病率也越高.     

高原移居内地人群与世居内地人群心血管疾病调查对比分析

目的探讨从西藏高原移居成都市与世居成都市人群罹患心血管疾病的异同特征和分布规律。方法选择从西藏高原移居成都市且住地相对集中的汉族成人500例为观察组,世居成都市人群500例为对照组,就两组调查人群数、性别、年龄及居住环境进行配对,通过问诊查体和有关检查,结合相关心血管疾病标准做出诊断。采用Stata(Ver5.0)统计软件进行资料分析,两组计数资料比较采用χ2检验。结果观察组心血管疾病总患病率(16%)及心血管疾病亚组人群中高血压(19.8%)和风心病患病率(0%)均明显低于对照组(42.0%,26.4%,2.4%)(P均<0.05),其他各类心血管疾病患病率两组差异均无显著性(χ2=0～2.25,P均>0.05);男性心血管病总患病率(37.2%)对照组高于观察组(49.6%)(χ2=7.33,P<0.05),两组均显示心血管疾病随年龄增加而增加,尤其61～80岁中对照组更为显著(χ2=12.39,P<0.05)。结论高原移居成都市人群高血压患病率低于世居成都市人群,显示部分高原高血压在移居成都后血压可恢复正常;世居成都市人群风心病患病率高于高原移居成都市人群,表明气候潮湿在风心病发病中可能为一独立的重要诱因;世居成都市人群中男性心血管病总患病率高于西藏移居成都市人群,同时,世居成都市人群中,老年心血管疾病患病率高于西藏移居成都市人群,均提示该性     

高原移居内地人群与世居内地人群心血管疾病调查对比分析

目的 探讨从西藏高原移居成都市与世居成都市人群罹患心血管疾病的异同特征和分布规律。方法 选择从西藏高原移居成都市且住地相对集中的汉族成人500例为观察组，世居成都市人群500例为对照组，就两组调查人群数、性别、年龄及居住环境进行配对，通过问诊查体和有关检查，结合相关心血管疾病标准做出诊断。采用Stata(Ver5．0)统计软件进行资料分析，两组计数资料比较采用x^2检验。结果 观察组心血管疾病总患病率(16％)及心血管疾病亚组人群中高血压(19．8％)和风心病患病率(0％)均明显低于对照组(42．0％，26．4％。2．4％)(P均&;lt;0．05)，其他各类心血管疾病患病率两组差异均无显著性(x^2=0～2．25，P均&;gt;0．05)；男性心血管病总患病率(37．2％)对照组高于观察组(49．6％)(x^2==7．33，P&;lt;0．05)，两组均显示心血管疾病随年龄增加而增加，尤其6l一80岁中对照组更为显著(x^2=12．39，P&;lt;0．05)。结论 高原移居成都市人群高血压患病率低于世居成都市人群，显示部分高原高血压在移居成都后血压可恢复正常；世居成都市人群风心病患病率高于高原移居成都市人群，表明气候潮湿在风心病发病中可能为一独立的重要诱因；世居成都市人群中男性心血管病总患病率高于西藏移居成都市人群，同时，世居成都市人群中，老年心血管疾病患病率高于西藏移居成都市人群，均提示该性别及该年龄段的高血压患病率较高。     

基于中国腰痛患者Oswestry功能障碍指数测量性能证据的COSMIN系统评价

腰痛患病率稳居全球第一,是人类致残的首要原因[1].我国慢性腰痛患病率为20.60％-41.54％[2],给个人及家庭生活、社会医疗系统均带来极大负担.功能障碍为腰痛临床试验的核心结局指标[3],Oswestry功能障碍指数(Oswestry dis-ability index,ODI)是功能障碍的测量工具[4].OD...     

循证综述:慢性腰痛和软组织综合征存在神经病理性疼痛的证据

目的:本综述旨在提供慢性腰痛和软组织综合征与神经病理性疼痛是否相关的证据,以及两者中神经病理性疼痛的患病率。方法:研究的816例患者中,11例慢性腰痛患者存在神经病理性疼痛诊断,5例软组织综合征患者存在神经病理性疼痛诊断。研究分组依据神经病理性疼痛的诊断方法,如体格检查、神经病理性疼痛量表类型等。神经病理性疼痛的患病率为各组研究中所有患者的合计。慢性腰痛和软组织综合征中神经病理性疼痛的患病率为两者各自研究中所有患者的总和。两名评价者独立根据11项质量标准对每个研究做出质量评分,依据卫生保健政策和研究机构(AHCPR)指南评估各分组证据的强度和一致性。结果:各分组中所有研究报道均存在神经病理性疼痛。慢性腰痛中神经病理性疼痛的患病率是36.6%,软组织综合征中神经病理性疼痛的患病率是41.1%。不同的神经病理性疼痛诊断方法间患病率存在显著差异。结论:所有的方法一致证实,慢性腰痛和软组织综合征患者中存在神经病理性疼痛,且合并患病率显著。这对慢性腰痛和软组织综合征的治疗有重要意义。     

急性和亚急性下腰痛患者腰椎MRI影像学特征分析

目的:探讨急性和亚急性下腰痛患者腰椎MRI影像学特征及临床意义。方法:回顾性连续收集因下腰痛至本院就诊并行腰椎MRI检查患者177例。根据病程时间将患者分为亚急性下腰痛组(n=103)和急性下腰痛组(n=74例),另招募42例无下腰痛志愿者作为正常对照组。采用视觉模拟评分(visual anologue scale,VAS)评定患者腰痛程度。观察各组研究对象腰椎MRI影像学特征,包括:椎间盘退变、椎间盘突出、椎间盘膨出、纤维环后方高信号、Schmorl结节、椎体终板炎、小关节退变、小关节积液、棘间韧带高信号、皮下或椎后旁肌肉水肿、小关节退变等,对不同组间腰椎MRI影像学特征分布进行统计学比较分析。结果:与正常对照组相比,急性、亚急性下腰痛组研究对象椎间盘退变、椎间盘突出发生率较高(P0.05)。3组间椎间盘膨出、Schmorl结节、腰椎终板Modic改变发生情况差异无统计学意义。急性下腰痛组患者腰椎MRI纤维环后方高信号、棘间韧带高信号、皮下或椎后旁软组织肿胀发生率均高于亚急性下腰痛组和正常对照组(P0.05);亚急性下腰痛组患者中小关节退变和小关节积液发生率均高于急性下腰痛组和正常对照组(P0.05)。结论:椎间盘退变、突出是腰痛症状持续存在的原因;腰椎间盘局限性高信号、棘间韧带高信号和皮下或椎后旁软组织肿胀与急性下腰痛相关;小关节退变、小关节积液与亚急性下腰痛有关。     

Low back pain: prevalence and associated risk factors among hospital staff

Title. Low back pain: prevalence and associated risk factors among hospital staff. Aim. This paper is a report of a study conducted to describe the prevalence and risk factors for lower back pain amongst a variety of Turkish hospital workers including nurses, physicians, physical therapists, technicians, secretaries and hospital aides. Background. Hospital workers experience more low back pain than many other groups, the incidence varies among countries. Work activities involving bending, twisting, frequent heavy lifting, awkward static posture and psychological stress are regarded as causal factors for many back injuries. Method. A 44‐item questionnaire was completed by 1600 employees in six hospitals associated with one Turkish university using a cross‐sectional survey design. Data were collected over nine months from December 2005 to August 2006 and analysed using Chi square and multivariate logistic regression techniques. Findings. Most respondents (65·8%) had experienced low back pain, with 61·3% reporting an occurrence within the last 12 months. The highest prevalence was reported by nurses (77·1%) and the lowest amongst secretaries (54·1%) and hospital aides (53·5%). In the majority of cases (78·3%), low back pain began after respondents started working in the hospital, 33·3% of respondents seeking medical care for ‘moderate’ low back pain while 53·8% (n = 143) had been diagnosed with a herniated lumbar disc. Age, female gender, smoking, occupation, perceived work stress and heavy lifting were statistically significant risk‐factors when multivariate logistic regression techniques were conducted (P < 0·05). Conclusion. Preventive measures should be taken to reduce the risk of lower back pain, such as arranging proper rest periods, educational programmes to teach the proper use of body mechanics and smoking cessation programmes.     

Maintaining Moderate or Vigorous Exercise Reduces the Risk of Low Back Pain at 4 Years of Follow-Up: Evidence From the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing

Few studies have examined whether maintaining moderate or vigorous physical activity (PA) reduces the risk of low back pain in older people. This study aimed to examine the magnitude of the associations of changes in PA on the risk of low back pain at 4 years of follow-up. We analyzed 4,882 participants in the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing who were initially free from low back pain (mean age, 65.6 ± 8.9 years at baseline). Self-reported PA, which was assessed at wave 6 (2012–2013) and wave 7 (2014–2015), was used as the exposure. The PA of the respondents was categorized into “no PA at all,” “up to moderate PA,” and “up to vigorous PA” groups. Self-reported moderate/severe low back pain assessed at 4 years of follow-up (2016–2017) was used as the outcome. Maintaining moderate (relative risk [RR], 0.59; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.36–0.99) or vigorous (RR, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.27–0.77) PA at least 1–3 times a month was negatively associated with prevalence of low back pain compared with no PA at all. Interventions for maintaining either moderate or vigorous PA might be beneficial in preventing the incidence of low back pain in the older population.PerspectiveThis study examined the magnitude of the association between changes in physical activity over time and the risk of low back pain. The findings suggest that encouraging people to maintain at least moderate physical activity over 2 years is useful for reducing the risk of low back pain at 4 years of follow-up.     

Prevalence,Incidence, and Factors Associated With Non-Specific Chronic Low Back Pain in Community-Dwelling Older Adults Aged 60 Years and Older: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is common among older adults. This systematic review aimed to summarize: (1) the prevalence and incidence of CLBP in older adults, and (2) demographic, psychological, and clinical factors positively/negatively associated with prevalence/incidence of CLBP among older adults. Four databases were searched to identify relevant publications. Ten studies (31,080 older adults) were included after being screened by 5 independent reviewers using predetermined criteria. The methodological quality of these studies was evaluated by standardized tools. The quality of evidence for all factors were appraised by modified GRADE for cohort studies. Twenty-eight and 1 factors were associated with a higher prevalence and a lower 5-year cumulative incidence of CLBP, respectively. No prognostic factor was identified. There was very limited to limited evidence that females, obesity, anxiety, depression, mental disorders, self-expectation of recovery, self-perceived health status, lifestyle (smoking, daily fluoride consumption), previous falls or lower body injury, retirement/disability due to ill health, family history of body pain, comorbidity (knee osteoarthritis, or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with/without hypertension), weak abdominal muscles, leg pain, leg pain intensity, widespread pain, pain interference on functioning, use of pain medication, occupational exposure (driving for >20 years, or jobs involving bending/twisting for >10 years), disc space narrowing and severe facet osteoarthritis were significantly related to a higher prevalence of CLBP in older adults. However, very limited evidence suggested that intermediate level of leisure-time physical activity was associated with a lower prevalence of CLBP in older adults. Given the aging population and limited information regarding risk factors for CLBP in older adults, future high-quality prospective studies should identify relevant risk factors to help develop proper preventive and treatment strategies.PerspectiveDespite the high prevalence of non-specific chronic low back pain among older adults, there is only very limited to limited evidence regarding factors associated with a higher prevalence of chronic low back pain in this population. Given the aging population, high-quality prospective studies are warranted to address this gap.     

Work-related back pain in nurses

This summary draws together the findings from over 80 studies published over three decades The studies reviewed are categorized into three groups (a) epidemiological, (b)'testing out', and (c) exploratory There has been agreement on a number of points, in particular that nursing is among the high risk occupations with respect to low back problems, with a point prevalence of approximately 17%, an annual (period) prevalence of 40–50% and a lifetime prevalence of 35–80% When considering the contributory factors there is some divergence, but one of the popular notions is generally proven, that more frequent patient handling appears to correlate with increased incidence of low back pain However, the traditional approach of training in lifting and handling techniques alone has been shown to be of little, or no, long-term benefit and the value of ergonomics remains to be seen Much work has also been done by taking aspects of nursing work into the laboratory, using experimental studies which have mostly focused on specific sub-tasks (of the generic task of patient handling), looking at specific transfers and procedures (e g bed to chair) or transfer techniques ('stoop versus squat') Although a level of quantification can be made about the different techniques, it is questionable whether this is of any practical use, especially when considering the wide variation of loads encountered during manual handling of patients The limitations of using quantitative methodologies is revealed in the very small number of exploratory studies All of the studies cited in this review used methodologies based in the positivist paradigm There does not appear to be any published work using participative or interview methods to obtain qualitative data which might identify contributory factors in the onset of occupational low back pain in nursing staff     

Prevalence of low back pain in the population

Studies on selected populations lead to biased estimates of the prevalence of back pain and associated factors. In order to obtain a valid picture of the prevalence of back pain this review article focuses on epidemiological studies in the general population. These studies can be divided into general health surveys and surveys with specific reference to back pain. General health surveys including questions on the prevalence of back pain have the greatest methodological differences because of different aims. Due to these different aims, different target populations and different methods these studies depict point prevalences between 0.8% and 41% and 1-year prevalences between 15% and 56%. These general health surveys are contrasted with epidemiological studies especially designed to evaluate the prevalence of back pain. In these studies the point prevalence ranges between 14% and 42% and the lifetime period prevalence between 51% and 84%. Depending on the study reviewed the highest prevalence is found at age 50 to 64. This prevalence pattern may be explained by several effects that are discussed in this article. Severe forms of back pain increase even in the higher age groups, especially in women. Beside this effect the reviewed articles show either no difference between men and women or only a slightly higher prevalence in women. The problems faced by epidemiological studies on back pain, resulting from different definitions of "the back", severity, chronicity and different methodology, are discussed in detail.     

Risikofaktoren für Rückenschmerzen bei Kindern und Jugendlichen in Industrienationen

Factors that have led to the increasing prevalence of back pain amongst children and adolescents living in industrialized nations are mostly unknown. The following literature review was aimed at determining the risk factors for back pain amongst children and adolescents. We searched both PUBMED and MEDLINE between the years 1985 and 2003 for the keywords "children or adolescents" and "back pain". Only data published in original articles were used. The risk for suffering back pain is influenced by physical, behavioural, emotional and social factors. The effects of physical activity, sitting, muscle status, weight of schoolbags, exercise, television and computer use, as well as age and gender on the development of back pain in children and adolescents were examined. Associations between continuous or recurring back pain and psychosocial factors (lifestyle, emotional factors, social relationships) could be demonstrated. There was no relationship between changes of the spine seen by radiological tests and the development of chronic back pain. Longitudinal epidemiological studies are urgently needed to delineate the risk factors for the development as well as the natural history of chronic back pain in the young.     

Prevalence and risk factors of the lower back syndrome in automobile drivers

AIM: To study epidemiology of low spine pain syndrome (LSPS) in drivers of municipal transport; to specify factors stimulating its onset. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 600 drivers from Orenburg were screened for LSPS. Risk factors were evaluated in two groups of patients: 130 drivers with LSPS and 130 matched controls free of LSPS. The data obtained were entered to a standard questionnaire, risk factors were considered according to working place attestation. RESULTS: Low spine pain complaints were registered in each 1-2 drivers of three. Those having the pain were as a rule 30-50-year-olds with service duration more than 10 years. They had pain for more than 5 years. 94.6% of them had acute pain. Spinal function was restricted in most of the examined LSPS drivers. Major risk factors of LSPS were the following: toxic substances, static loads, physical overstrain, draughts. A relationship was found between intensive smoking, alcohol abuse, low physical activity and LSPS onset. CONCLUSION: High prevalence of LSPS, frequent exacerbations, impaired spinal function cause a high disability rate. Thus, LSPS is an important medicosocial problem.     

Prevalence of and risk factors for low back pain among dentists

[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence, symptoms of, and risk factors for low back pain among dentists as well as to discover the possible correlation of these factors with working posture and how to reduce their prevalence. [Subjects and Methods] The study was conducted among 60 dentists (28 male and 32 female) with a mean age of 25.7 years. Dentists were evaluated with the self-administered Nordic musculoskeletal evaluation chart, postural discomfort chart, and a self-prepared questionnaire. [Results] The data showed a 70% incidence of back pain among dentists, with low back pain predominating in 47.6% of cases. Most of the subjects (90.5%) had a mild-to-moderate level of severity, and only 9.5% had a severe level of low back pain. The majority of the dentists (57%) treated 1–3 patients per day. Only a few dentists (17%) exercised during their rest period even though 57% of them reported taking a break during their working hours. Although 63% of the dentists were aware of the advantages of assistive tools, only 40% of them used any kind of assistive devices. [Conclusion] Dental professionals demonstrate a high prevalence of low back pain.Key words: Dentists, Back, Risk     

Radiating low back pain in general practice: Incidence,prevalence, diagnosis,and long-term clinical course of illness

Objective. The aim of this study was to calculate the incidence and prevalence of radiating low back pain, to explore the long-term clinical course of radiating low back pain including the influence of radiculopathy (in a subsample of the study population) and non-radiating low back pain thereon, and to describe general practitioners’ (GPs’) treatment strategies for radiating low back pain. Design. A historic prospective cohort study. Setting. Dutch general practice. Subjects. Patients over 18 years of age with a first episode of radiating low back pain, registered by the ICPC code L86. Main outcome measures. Incidence and prevalence, clinical course of illness, initial diagnoses established by the GPs, and treatment strategies. Results. Mean incidence was 9.4 and mean prevalence was 17.2 per 1000 person years. In total, 390 patients had 1193 contacts with their GPs; 50% had only one contact with their GP. Consultation rates were higher in patients with a history of non-radiating low back pain and in patients with a diagnosis of radiculopathy in the first five years. In this study's subsample of 103 patients, L86 episodes represented radiculopathy in 50% of cases. Medication was prescribed to 64% of patients, mostly NSAIDs. Some 53% of patients were referred, mainly to physiotherapists and neurologists; 9% of patients underwent surgery. Conclusion. Watchful waiting seems to be sufficient general practice care in most cases of radiating low back pain. Further research should be focused on clarifying the relationship between radicular radiating low back pain, non-radicular radiating low back pain, and non-radiating low back pain.     

Low back pain in adolescent and associated factors: A cross sectional study with schoolchildren

Objective:

To determine the prevalence of low back pain nonspecific and associated factors in schoolchildren.

Method:

This cross-sectional study investigated 343 adolescents, aged between 12 and 15 years, of both sexes of public schools. The questionnaire included questions regarding sociodemographic characteristics, type of school transportation, body mass index and low back pain. The outcome was defined as discomfort localized below the costal margin and above the inferior gluteal folds in the last 12 months.

Results

: The prevalence of low back pain in the last year was 57% (n=195) among participants, with no significant difference between the sexes (OR 1.13, 95% CI 0.93 to 1.37). Advancing age and body mass index were associated with the presence of low back pain in the bivariate analysis. The remaining seated at school in usual days was considered one of the main activities that trigger symptoms that lasted up to seven days for the majority (80%) of adolescents.

Conclusions:

The high prevalence of low back pain presented, indicating that it is a common condition among these adolescents. There was no difference between the sexes, but had influence of age and body mass index. Our results point to the need for the development epidemiological studies of low back pain among children and adolescents.