Effect of Zizyphus sativa leaves on blood glucose levels in normal and alloxan-diabetic rats

An alcoholic extract of Zizyphus sativa leaves was tested for hypoglycemic activity in normal and alloxan-diabetic rats. Single (100-400 mg/kg) oral doses of extract to normal animals showed a dose-dependent statistically significant lowering of blood glucose 2, 4 and 6 h later. The effect was most pronounced at 6 h with blood glucose returning to control values at 24 h. In alloxan-diabetic rats, no significant effect was observed with extract and tolbutamide. The minimum lethal dose was greater than 3000 mg/kg, orally in mice.     

Effect of Cirsium pascuarense on blood glucose levels of normoglycaemic and alloxan-diabetic mice

Blood glucose levels of normal and alloxan-treated diabetic mice were determined after i.p. administration of various doses of the hexane, chloroform and methanol extracts of Cirsium pascuarense. From the data obtained, it is concluded that the i.p. administration of 100, 150 and 200 mg/kg of hexane extract of this plant produced a significant hypoglycaemic effect in normal as well as in diabetic mice. In addition, the extracts altered glucose tolerance in alloxan induced diabetic rats. Chloroform and methanol extracts did not produce any significant change in blood glucose levels.     

Effect of aloes on blood glucose levels in normal and alloxan diabetic mice

The acute and chronic effects of the exudate of Aloe barbadensis leaves and its bitter principle were studied on plasma glucose levels of alloxan-diabetic mice. Aloes was administered orally, 500 mg/kg, and the bitter principle was administered intraperitoneally, 5 mg/kg. The hypoglycemic effect of a single oral dose of aloes on serum glucose level was insignificant whereas that of the bitter principle was very highly significant and extended over a period of 24 h with maximum hypoglycemia observed at +8 h. In chronic studies, aloes was administered twice daily and the bitter principle was administered once a day for 4 days. The maximum reduction in plasma glucose level was observed at the 5th day in both cases. The hypoglycemic effect of aloes and its bitter principle may be mediated through stimulating synthesis and/or release of insulin from the beta-cells of Langerhans.     

Effect of Red Sea sponge extracts on blood glucose levels in normal mice

The effects of extracts from 6 species of Red Sea sponges at two oral dose levels on blood glucose in normal mice were studied. Most extracts showed a hyperglycemic effect. An ethanol extract of Haliclona virdis showed a significant hypoglycemic effect lasting for more than 8 h after single oral doses of 200 or 500 mg/kg to normal mice.     

金柑黄酮对小鼠血糖的影响

目的：探讨金柑黄酮对糖尿病小鼠和小鼠血糖的影响。方法：用四氧嘧啶致糖尿病小鼠模型,分别研究不同产地（湖南浏阳、江西遂川）与不同剂量（160mg/Kg、80mg/Kg、20mg/Kg）金柑黄酮对糖尿病小鼠和正常小鼠血糖的影响。结果：金柑黄酮160mg/Kg剂量可显著降低糖尿病小鼠第6天血糖,对第17天血糖降低效果非常显著;80mg/Kg剂量可显著降低糖尿病小鼠第17天血糖;各剂量组对正常小鼠血糖的影响不明显。结论：金柑黄酮对糖尿病小鼠的血糖具有明显的降糖作用。     

宁夏胡芦巴种子中挥发性成分研究

目的研究宁夏胡芦巴种子挥发油中的化学成分。方法用乙醚作溶剂,采用索氏提取法从胡芦巴种子中提取了挥发性物质,并采用GC-MS联用技术对挥发油中的成分进行了分析鉴定,用色谱峰面积归一化法计算了各成分的相对含量。结果 与结论从宁夏胡芦巴种子挥发油中鉴定了82个化合物,其中含量最大的是2-Methyl-pentanol(3.45%),化合物16,29,50,52,65,67,76,78都是具有复杂结构的化合物。     

Prophylaxis effect of Trigonella foenum graecum L. seeds on renal stone formation in rats

Despite considerable progress in medical therapy, there is no satisfactory drug to treat kidney stones. Therefore, the current study aimed to look for an alternative by using Trigonella foenum graecum (Tfg) on nephrolithiasic rats as a preventive agent against the development of kidney stones, which is commonly used in Morocco as a phytotherapeutic agent. The inhibitory effect of the aqueous extract of Tfg seeds was examined on the formation of calcium oxalate renal stones induced by ethylene glycol (EG) with ammonium chloride. At the end of the experiment all kidneys were removed and examined microscopically for possible crystal/stone locations and the total calcium amount in the renal tissue was evaluated. The blood was recovered to determine the levels of calcium, phosphorus, creatinine and urea. The results showed that the amount of calcification in the kidneys and the total calcium amount of the renal tissue in rats treated with Tfg were significantly reduced compared with the untreated group. Consequently, Tfg may be a useful agent in the treatment of patients with calcic urolithiasis.     

Effect of ambrein on blood glucose levels of rats.

Ambrein reduced the blood glucose level of normal and moderately alloxan-diabetic rats but did not reduce the blood glucose levels of severely-diabetic rats. Ambrein did not reduce the hyperglycemia of glucose-loaded rats also given mannoheptulose but it reduced the hyperglycemia of glucose-loaded rats in the absence of mannoheptulose. Results suggested that the hypoglycemic activity of ambrein may be mediated by enhanced glucose utilization.     

胡芦巴茎叶化学成分研究

从胡芦巴茎叶中分得2个化合物。用化学和光谱方法鉴定了它们的结构,分别为γ-五味子素、东莨菪内酯,系首次从胡芦巴中得到。     

泽泻水提物对正常及高血糖小鼠血糖的影响

泽泻水提物１０ｇ／ｋｇ及２０ｇ／ｋｇｉｇ２天，可使正常小鼠血糖明显降低。２０ｇ／ｋｇ治疗７天或预防给药３天均可使四氧嘧啶小鼠血糖明显降低     

Effects of Lepidium sativum,Nigella sativa and Trigonella foenum‐graceum on Phenytoin Pharmacokinetics in Beagle Dogs

The present work was designed to evaluate the effect of some commonly used herbs viz. garden cress (Lepidium sativum), black seed (Nigella sativa) and fenugreek (Trigonella foenum‐graceum) on the disposition of phenytoin after oral administration in a dog model. Phenytoin was given orally at a dose of 50 mg, and blood samples were obtained for the determination of drug's pharmacokinetic parameters. After a suitable washout period, animals were commenced on a specific herb treatment for one week. Garden cress treatment caused a modest increase in maximum observed concentration (C_max) and terminal half‐life (T_1/2λ) of phenytoin with a reduction in clearance by 33%. The effect of black seed therapy was more drastic on drug elimination and to a lesser extent on its volume of distribution at steady state (V_ss) with a consequent reduction in systemic exposure measured by area under the curve (AUC_0‐∞) by about 87%. The effect of fenugreek therapy resembled, albeit to a lesser extent, that of black seed with a significant reduction in AUC_0‐∞ by ~72%. In addition, there was a 73% increase in V_ss. Our findings suggest that the phenytoin disposition can be significantly altered by the concurrent consumption of tested herbal products. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

经络舒胶囊对糖尿病大鼠血糖及糖化血红蛋白含量水平的影响

目的:观察经络舒胶囊对糖尿病大鼠血糖、糖化血红蛋白含量水平的影响。方法:Wistar大鼠腹腔注射链脲佐菌素(STZ)制成糖尿病大鼠模型。将动物随机分为正常对照组、模型对照组、西药阳性对照组(胰岛素)、中药阳性对照组(糖脉康)、经络舒胶囊高、中、低剂量组。给药60d以后测定大鼠空腹血糖浓度及糖化血红蛋白含量。结果:与模型对照组比较,胰岛素对照组能明显降低糖尿病大鼠空腹血糖水平(P<0.01)。与模型对照组比较,胰岛素对照组和高剂量组能明显降低糖尿病大鼠糖化血红蛋白水平(P<0.05)。结论:高剂量组的经络舒胶囊能明显降低糖尿病大鼠糖化血红蛋白水平,为该制剂临床上用于糖尿病神经病变包括外周神经炎和糖尿病植物神经功能紊乱提供了实验理论依据。     

Effects of Artemisia pallens Wall. on blood glucose levels in normal and alloxan-induced diabetic rats

Oral administration of the methanol extract of the aerial parts of Artemisia pallens Wall. (used in Indian folk medicine for the treatment of diabetes mellitus) led to significant blood glucose lowering effect in glucose-fed hyperglycaemic and alloxan-induced diabetic rats. This effect of the extract was dose dependent and significant at 100 mg/kg level in glucose-fed rats. In fasted normal rats, the extract caused a moderate hypoglycaemic effect at a higher dose (1000 mg/kg). The water extract (1000 mg/kg) was inactive.     

Gastroprotective effect of fenugreek seeds (Trigonella foenum graecum) on experimental gastric ulcer in rats

The effect of fenugreek seeds (Trigonella foenum graecum) compared to omeprazole was studied on ethanol-induced gastric ulcer. The aqueous extract and a gel fraction isolated from the seeds showed significant ulcer protective effects. The cytoprotective effect of the seeds seemed to be not only due to the anti-secretory action but also to the effects on mucosal glycoproteins. The fenugreek seeds also prevented the rise in lipid peroxidation induced by ethanol presumably by enhancing antioxidant potential of the gastric mucosa thereby lowering mucosal injury. Histological studies revealed that the soluble gel fraction derived from the seeds was more effective than omeprazole in preventing lesion formation. These observations show that fenugreek seeds possess antiulcer potential.     

Protective effect of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum) seeds in experimental ethanol toxicity

The study investigates the effect of aqueous extract of fenugreek seeds (Trigonella foenum graecum) on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status in experimental ethanol toxicity in rats. The ability of the seed extract to prevent iron-induced lipid peroxidation in vitro was also investigated. Ethanol feeding for 60 days resulted in significant increases in the activities of serum aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase and alkaline phosphatase. The levels of serum lipid hydroperoxides and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances in liver and brain were also significantly elevated. Significantly lower activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione S-transferase and glutathione reductase were observed in liver and brain accompanied by depletion in glutathione, ascorbic acid and alpha-tocopherol concentrations. Activity of Ca(2+) ATPase in brain was significantly lowered. Simultaneous administration of aqueous extract of fenugreek seeds with ethanol prevented the enzymatic leakage and the rise in lipid peroxidation and enhanced the antioxidant potential. The seeds exhibited appreciable antioxidant property in vitro which was comparable with that of reduced glutathione and alpha-tocopherol. Further, histopathological examination of liver and brain revealed that, aqueous extract of fenugreek seeds could offer a significant protection against ethanol toxicity.     

Investigation on the hypoglycaemic effects of extracts of four Mexican medicinal plants in normal and alloxan-diabetic mice

The hypoglycaemic activities of four water ethanol extracts (WEE) prepared from Bidens pilosa L., Salvia officinalis L., Psacalium peltatum H.B.K. (Cass) and Turnera diffusa Willd. were investigated in healthy and alloxan-diabetic mice. The WEE of S. officinalis significantly reduced the blood glucose of fasting normal mice 120 (15.7%) and 240 min (30.2%) after intraperitoneal administration (p < 0.05). The WEE of P. peltatum and B. pilosa also significantly diminished glycaemia in healthy mice at 240 min (19.6% and 13.8%, respectively). In mildly diabetic mice, the WEE of P. peltatum lowered the basal blood glucose level 120 (16%) and 240 min (54%) after intraperitoneal administration (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively). The WEE of B. pilosa and S. officinalis also significantly diminished the hyperglycaemia in mildly diabetic mice at 240 mins (32.6% and 22.7%, respectively). The administration of these three extracts to animals with severe hyperglycaemia did not cause a significant decrease. The WEE of T. diffusa did not show any hypoglycaemic activity. Thus, three of the WEE studied conserved the hypoglycaemic activity originally detected in the traditional preparations of the studied antidiabetic plants. It appears that these extracts require the presence of insulin to show hypoglycaemic activity.     

Effect of Vaccinium bracteatum Thunb. leaves extract on blood glucose and plasma lipid levels in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice

Aim of the study

To investigate the hypoglycemic effects of Vaccinium bracteatum Thunb. leaves (VBTL) extract in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice.

Materials and methods

After administration of VBTL extract for 4 weeks, the body weight, organ weight, blood glucose (BG), insulin and plasma lipid levels of streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice were measured.

Results

Body weights of diabetic mice treated with VBTL extract were partly recovered. The BG levels of AEG (diabetic mice treated with VBTL aqueous extract) were reduced to 91.52 and 85.82% at week 2 and week 4, respectively (P < 0.05), while those of EEG (diabetic mice treated with VBTL ethanolic extract) were reduced slightly (P > 0.05). The insulin levels of AEG and EEG were obviously higher (P < 0.05) than those of MC (diabetic mice in model control group). Comparing with MC, AEG and EEG had significantly lower (P < 0.05) TC or TG levels and similar HDL-cholesterol or LDL-cholesterol levels. In comparison with non-diabetic control mice, AEG had similar plasma lipid levels except higher LDL-cholesterol level, while EEG had higher TC, TG and LDL-cholesterol levels and lower HDL-cholesterol levels.

Conclusions

Both aqueous and ethanolic extract of VBTL possess a potential hypoglycemic effect in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice.     

Effects of American ginseng berry extract on blood glucose levels in ob/ob mice

In this study, we evaluated antihyperglycemic effects of American ginseng berry extract in diabetic ob/ob mice. Animals received daily intraperitoneal (IP) injections of the extract 150 mg/kg for 12 days. On days 5 and 12, the extract-treated ob/ob mice had significantly lower fasting blood glucose levels compared to day 0 (both p < 0.05). Glucose tolerance improved significantly, which was shown by overall glucose excursion, calculated as area under the curve (AUC) during the two-hour IP glucose tolerance test. The AUC decreased by 31.8% on day 12 compared to day 0 (p < 0.01). In addition, after 12 days of the berry extract treatment, a significant reduction in body weight (p < 0.01 compared to day 0) and a significant increase in body temperature (p < 0.01 compared to day 0) was noticeable. Our results support in vivo antihyperglycemic and antiobese activity of American ginseng berry extract that may prove to be of clinical importance in the prevention and treatment of Type 2 diabetes.     

Effect of Artemisia santonicum L. on blood glucose in normal and alloxan-induced diabetic rabbits

The hypoglycaemic effect of panicles of Artemisia santonicum L. in normal and alloxan-induced diabetic rabbits was investigated. Blood glucose levels were determined after oral administration of an aqueous extract of Artemisia santonicum L. In normal and diabetic rabbits, 2 mL/kg (0.42 g/kg) aqueous extract significantly (p < 0.01) reduced blood glucose levels 6 h after administration, which was consistent and time-dependent.