血管内超声对于无保护左主干病变应用药物洗脱支架介入治疗的指导作用

目的评价血管内超声(IVUS)对无保护左主干(ULMCA)病变药物支架介入治疗的指导作用及对于预后的影响。方法 2003年4月—2008年6月150例无保护LMCA病变患者接受介入治疗,年龄(62.5±10.82)岁(38～83岁),其中44例(29.33%)患者术中应用血管内超声指导。结果 IVUS对斑块性质的分析显示非分叉病变组软斑块多见,而分叉病变组混合斑块(纤维钙化)多见;单纯冠脉造影组与IVUS组测得数据比较,前者的最小管腔直径(1.72±0.62)mm比(2.27±0.38)mm,最小管腔面积(2.62±1.87)mm2比(4.93±1.63)mm2,均明显低于IVUS组,面积狭窄率(78.08±7.31%)比(64.53±9.18)%,明显高于IVUS组,且单纯冠脉造影组置入的支架比IVUS指导组偏小(3.46±0.36)mm比(3.75±0.26)mm;IVUS指导组的再发心绞痛(15.91%比35.8%)、TLR(0%比16.05%),和总MACE事件(2.27%比19.75%)均明显低于无IVUS指导组。结论无保护左主干病变介入治疗术中应用IVUS指导可显著改善预后,减少MACE事件的发生。     

血管内超声成像在冠脉左主干复杂病变介入治疗中的作用

目的:研究血管内超声成像(IVUS)在冠脉左主干复杂病变介入治疗中的作用.方法:我院的102例需行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)的冠脉左主干复杂病变患者被随机均分为常规造影组(PCI术中行常规冠脉造影)与IVUS组(PCI术中行IVUS).观察比较两组PCI治疗指标、冠脉左主干最小管腔面积(MLA)、最小管腔直径(ML...     

血管内超声与定量冠脉造影应用于冠脉临界病变诊治的比较

目的 研究血管内超声（intravascular ultrasound,IVUS）在优化民航飞行员冠脉临界病变诊断和治疗中的应用。 方法 通过定量冠脉造影（quantitative coronary angiography,QCA）和IVUS对120例飞行员患者165处冠脉临界病的最小管腔直径（minimal lumen diameter,MLD）、直径狭窄率（diamter stenosis,DS）与最小管腔面积（minimal lumen area,MLA）、面积狭窄率（area stenosis,AS）等参数进行对比分析;对IVUS提示管腔MLA<4 mm2飞行员患者的冠脉临界病变行支架植入术。 结果 ①同一临界病变处QCA显示的MLD,DS及MLA,AS值均小于IVUS相应的测量值,且差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）,表明IVUS对冠脉病变狭窄定量测量方面准确性更高;②IVUS提高血栓病变（15.0% vs. 2.5%,P<0.05）和心肌桥（42.5% vs. 2.5%,P<0.01）的诊断率;③与QCA相比,IVUS直接显示介入治疗中支架的贴壁情况,指导支架扩张完全。 结论 IVUS较QCA能更准确地检测冠脉临界病变范围,更灵敏地诊断血栓和心肌桥,利于全面优化临界病变的诊疗。     

血管内超声与光学相干断层扫描在冠状动脉临界病变中的长期随访对比研究

目的:研究血管内超声(intravenous ultrasound,IVUS)与光学相干断层扫描(optical coher-ence tomography,OCT)在冠状动脉临界病变中的长期随访研究。方法:共入选经过冠状动脉造影(至少4体位造影)证实病变狭窄处于临界病变的患者90例。将入选者按照2∶1随机分为:血管内超声组(IVUS)60例,光学相干断层成像(OCT)组30例。通过血管内超声定量分析最小管腔直径、参考血管直径、最小管腔面积等参数指标;通过光学相干断层扫描分析最小管腔直径、最小管腔面积。同时依据两组检查方法不同特征确定斑块的性质进行定性亚组分析:纤维性斑块、钙化斑块及脂质斑块等,对于高危易损斑块进行冠状动脉介入治疗,术后规律服用药物,观察两组术后住院期间、30d、3个月、9个月、1年和2年的主要心血管事件。采用COX回归模型分析两组2年内免于心血管事件的差异。结果:IVUS和OCT进行亚组软斑块分析,两组测得最小管腔直径分别为[(1.84±0.06)vs.(1.84±0.13)mm,P=0.947]。另外,在最小管腔面积方面两组分别为[(4.7±0.98)vs.(4.8±1.17)mm2,P=0.853]。OCT组通过分析软斑块纤维帽厚度为(94±24.72)μm。通过COX回归模型显示,两组在免于心血管事件的差异无统计学意义(P=0.826)。结论:对于临界病变的患者,采用IVUS或OCT成像系统能够更好的分辨血管内斑块性质,尤其易识别易损斑块。对于临界病变的患者,采用介入影像学方法进行测量分析是安全的、可靠的,能更好指导临床治疗。     

冠状动脉临界病变血管内超声检查参数与定量血流分数的相关性研究

目的探讨冠状动脉临界病变血管内超声(IVUS)检查参数与定量血流分数(QFR)的相关性。方法前瞻性连续入选2018年9月至2019年9月于同济大学附属东方医院接受QFR和IVUS检查的116例患者(117处冠状动脉临界病变)。根据QFR评估结果,将患者分为QFR≤0.80组(25处病变)和QFR>0.80组(92处病变),比较两组IVUS检查参数的差异。应用Poisson线性相关性分析以及受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线评估IVUS与QFR的相关性,应用logistic多元回归分析QFR≤0.80的预测因素。结果IVUS检查发现,QFR≤0.80组最小管腔面积(MLA)[(3.1±0.8)mm²比(3.6±1.1)mm²,P=0.040]、最小管腔直径(MLD)[(1.8±0.3)mm比(2.0±0.3)mm,P=0.012]显著小于QFR>0.80组,而斑块负荷[(73.5±5.6)%比(68.0±8.4)%,P=0.002]、面积狭窄率[(69.8±8.8)%比(63.8±9.8)%,P=0.007]、斑块偏心指数[(0.83±0.12)比(0.73±0.19),P=0.008]及回声消减斑块比例(52.0%比23.9%,P=0.003)显著高于QFR>0.80组,差异均有统计学意义。Poisson线性相关分析显示,MLA(r=0.259,P=0.005)、MLD(r=0.300,P=0.001)与QFR正相关,而斑块负荷(r=–0.357,P<0.001)以及斑块偏心指数(r=–0.247,P=0.008)与QFR负相关。logistic多因素回归分析表明斑块负荷>70%(OR 4.531,95%CI 1.443~14.222,P=0.010)和斑块偏心指数(OR 1.066,95%CI 1.014~1.121,P=0.012)为QFR≤0.80的独立预测因素。结论冠状动脉临界病变IVUS检查结果中斑块负荷>70%以及斑块偏心指数是QFR≤0.80的独立预测因子。     

在冠状动脉临界病变中血管内超声与压力血流储备的实际应用

目的:研究血管内超声(IVUS)与压力血流储备(FFR)在冠状动脉临界病变中的长期随访研究。方法:2014年5月至2015年5月,经过冠状动脉造影(QCA)分析证实病变狭窄处于临界病变的住院患者78例,排除20例,共计58例患者入选。对QCA测定直径狭窄30%~50%临界病变的患者进行随机分组:血管内超声组29例,压力血流储备组29例。通过压力导丝测定相关数值<0.75,IVUS最小管腔面积≤4.0mm2或者面积狭窄率≥70%的患者,积极给予介入干预治疗。术后规律服用药物,观察两组围手术期间以及1年随访的主要心血管事件。结果:IVUS组依据临界病变的指标进行判定,有8例超出临界病变的标准,其中发现前降支病变5例,混合斑块1例,6例明显钙化灶;依据FFR数值<0.75患者共计7例,给予介入干预治疗。术后给予规律冠心病二级预防。IVUS组3例失访,随访率90%。1例再发作心绞痛入院介入治疗;FFR组4例失访,随访率86%。3例再发作心绞痛入院介入治疗。结论:对于临界病变的患者,采用IVUS的方法能够检测出更多易损斑块等情况,联合QCA结合FFR能够提供临界病变患者危险分层依据,术中、术后FFR值越高,临床不良事件发生率就越低,患者长期预后越好。     

血管内超声在冠状动脉临界病变中的应用研究

目的:研究传统冠状动脉定量分析方法(QCA)与血管内超声(IVUS)在冠状动脉临界病变中的应用。方法:共入选经过冠状动脉造影(至少4体位造影)证实病变狭窄处于临界病变的患者150例。将入选者分为:常规冠状动脉造影组90例(QCA),血管内超声组60例(IVUS)。通过QCA和血管内超声定量分析方法分析2组最小管腔直径、参考血管直径、直径狭窄率及最小管腔面积等参数指标;将相关数据建立直线回归分析方程,分析二者之间是否具有线性关系;采用Cox回归模型分析2组免于心血管事件方面差异,观察2组术后住院期间、30d、3个月、6个月、9个月和12个月主要心血管事件。结果:血管内超声组分别采用QCA和IVUS分析,参考血管直径2者具有正相关性分别为(3.28±0.19)mmvs.(3.17±0.21)mm,R=0.627。最小管腔直径分别为(2.04±0.18)mmvs.(2.0±0.17)mm,R=0.782。比较2组之间的参数:QCA组通过计算得出直径狭窄率,与IVUS管腔面积狭窄率之间无相关性(R20.05,P=0.222),IVUS最小管腔面积(4.7±0.67)mm2。通过COX回归模型显示2组在免于心血管事件方面的差异,可见QCA组发生心血管事件率具有较高的趋势。结论:对于临界病变的患者,采用IVUS的方法能够检测出更严重狭窄的发生率,传统冠状动脉造影判定结果往往低估真正的病变情况。对于临界病变的患者,采用IVUS进行测量分析,具有减低心血管事件风险的趋势。     

血管内超声检查评估不稳定型心绞痛患者预后的价值

目的探讨临界病变的血管内超声(IVUS)对不稳定型心绞痛患者预后的评估价值。方法心血管内科住院并行冠状动脉造影(CAG)检查确定为临界病变的患者104例,48例行IVUS检查后行介入治疗,为IVUS组;56例未行IVUS检查,为对照组。用血管内超声测量病变处血管外弹力膜面积、最小管腔面积、斑块负荷等。术后1、3、6、12及24个月随访,评估心绞痛发作,发生非致命性急性心肌梗死及再住院的情况,比较两组预后差异。结果随访24个月,IVUS组复发心绞痛10例(23.26%);对照组复发心绞痛24例(42.86%),非致命性急性心肌梗死5例(12.5%),两组预后差异显著(P<0.05)。IVUS组再住院率〔2例(4.2%)〕较对照组〔13例(23.2%)〕明显低(P<0.05)。其他时间点无明显差异。结论 IVUS检查可以作为临界病变是否需要介入治疗的重要依据;IVUS检查使临界病变介入干预获得较高的成功率和较好的临床预后。     

不同年龄急性心肌梗死患者冠脉造影及血管内超声特征研究

目的 观察不同年龄急性心肌梗死(AMI)的冠脉造影和罪犯病变血管内超声(IVUS)特征.方法 入选2003年6月至2006年6月于杭州市第一人民医院行介入治疗的AMI患者236例,其中42例年龄≤50岁分入A组,194例年龄＞50岁分入B组,应用冠脉造影观察冠脉病变特点.冠脉介入治疗前应用IVUS观察14例A组和38例B组AMI患者罪犯病变,测量血管外弹力膜面积,最小管腔面积,斑块面积,狭窄程度,斑块纤维帽厚度,脂核大小,脂核负荷和斑块破裂情况等.结果 吸烟、酗酒和冠心病家族史在A组多见,B组多合并高血压、糖尿病.A组单支血管病变发生率高,而B组多支血管病变发生率高且侧支循环形成多;IVUS发现2组罪犯病变均主要表现为斑块不稳定和破裂,部分A组患者冠脉血管无严重病变,A组血管病变脂核大,纤维帽薄,B组罪犯病变狭窄程度重,斑块面积大,纤维帽厚度较厚,脂核较小.结论 AMI主要由于斑块不稳定和破裂所致,不同年龄AMI冠脉病变特征和危险因素不同,提示不同年龄患者预防AMI各有侧重.     

血管内超声在急性冠脉综合征中的运用价值

目的分析急性冠脉综合征患者冠状动脉造影(CAG)及血管内超声(IVUS)检查数据,探讨血管内超声在定量分析冠状动脉临界病变管腔狭窄率,斑块性质,评价经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)治疗效果中的作用。研究血管内超声(IVUS)在急性冠脉综合征(ACS)临界病变中的应用价值。方法 2010年1月—2014年3月大同市三医院心内科32例根据临床表现诊断为ACS患者,行冠状动脉造影评估患者左主干(LM)、左前降支(LAD)、左回旋支(LCX)、右冠状动脉(RCA)的管腔狭窄情况;冠状动脉造影发现狭窄≥70%病变直接行PCI,临界病变血管段进行IVUS检测,观察血管壁的形态结构,分析动脉粥样硬化斑块的类型、性质及其狭窄程度,对符合PCI干预指征的病变行PCI术。PCI术后行IVUS检查即刻评价支架置入是否理想、是否合并手术并发症。结果 32例患者中CAG发现冠脉血管12支17处病变管腔直径狭窄率≥70%,予直接行支架植入术,共植入17枚支架;CAG测得38处管腔直径狭窄率为50%~70%(临界病变),经IVUS测得有33处病变管腔狭窄率≥70%,涉及28位患者,共置入33枚支架,单支架23例,双支架5例;3CAG与IVUS检测的38处临界病变处直径狭窄率及管腔面积狭窄率(斑块负荷)比较,IVUS测值显著高于CAG测值有统计学意义(P0.01)。术后行IVUS检查示均显示支架完全贴壁、扩张充分、展开均匀、完全覆盖病变,未发现冠脉内夹层形成、壁内血肿、支架断裂等PCI术后并发症。结论 CAG不同程度地低估了冠状动脉临界病变狭窄,IVUS与CAG相比发现的临界病变管腔狭窄率诊断更精确。IVUS对斑块定性较CAG更优。更能准确选择临界病变支架置入的适应证。IVUS能明确冠状动脉临界病变的性质和狭窄程度。     

Comparison of coronary minimal lumen area quantification by sixty-four-slice computed tomography versus intravascular ultrasound for intermediate stenosis

The present study assessed 64-slice computed tomographic accuracy to quantify minimal lumen area (MLA) and determine lesion severity in intermediate stenosis by angiography compared with intravascular ultrasound (IVUS). Sixty-four-slice computed tomography (CT) has been shown to be effective in coronary stenotic assessment by visual estimation compared with angiography. However, angiography is not an accurate gold standard for intermediate stenotic quantification compared with IVUS. Forty patients (54 lesions) with 30% to 70% coronary stenosis by angiography in a major coronary branch were included. All patients underwent quantitative angiography, retrospective electrocardiographically gated 64-slice CT (Siemens), and IVUS (40-MHz Atlantis; Boston Scientific). MLA was manually traced by 2 blinded and independent operators on 64-slice computed tomographic cross-sectional reconstruction and compared with IVUS MLA. A lesion was considered significant if the MLA was 相似文献   

血管内超声对冠脉造影临界病变的诊断价值

目的评价血管内超声（IVUS）在冠状动脉临界病变中的应用价值。方法对冠状动脉造影（CAG）提示单支冠状动脉临界病变的83例患者进行IVUS检查,观察病变斑块性质、特征和血管最大狭窄程度,并对CAG和IVUS两种检查结果进行比较。结果CAG检查与IVUS检测显示临界病变最小血管径、直径狭窄率、面积狭窄率分别为[（1．87±0．54）mm、（2．19±0．69）mm]、[（43．14±9．87）％、（53．37±10．20）％]、[（57．17±11．20）％、（71．54±13．84）％],差异均具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论IVUS可准确地判定冠状动脉的病变性质和狭窄程度,更好地指导临床确定治疗方案。     

Comparison of two- and three-dimensional quantitative coronary angiography to intravascular ultrasound in the assessment of intermediate left main stenosis

Angiographic evaluation of intermediate left main coronary artery stenosis (LMS) is often limited. Three-dimensional (3D) quantitative coronary angiography has recently developed to overcome 2-dimensional (2D) quantitative coronary angiographic (QCA) limitations. In patients with angiographically intermediate LMS, we investigated whether 3D quantitative coronary angiography was superior to 2D quantitative coronary angiography in predicting the presence of a significant LMS, defined as a minimum luminal area <6 mm(2) at intravascular ultrasound (IVUS). 2D and 3D quantitative coronary angiography were compared in their measurements of minimum luminal area, percent area stenosis, minimum luminal diameter, and percent diameter stenosis and in their prediction of an IVUS minimum luminal area <6 mm(2). In total 58 target lesions were interrogated, 25 (43%) of which had an IVUS minimum luminal area <6 mm(2). Correlation between 3D-QCA minimum luminal area and IVUS minimum luminal area was stronger than the correlation between 2D-QCA minimum luminal area (or minimum luminal diameter) and IVUS minimum luminal area (R = 0.67, p = 0.0001, and R = 0.40, p = 0.001, respectively, p = 0.04 for comparison). To predict IVUS minimum luminal area <6 mm(2), the most accurate 2D-QCA measurement was minimum luminal diameter (area under curve 0.81, cutoff 2.2 mm, p = 0.0001), and the most accurate 3D-QCA measurement was minimum luminal area (area under curve 0.86, cutoff 5.6 mm(2), p = 0.0001). 2D-QCA percent diameter stenosis did not significantly predict IVUS minimum luminal area <6 mm(2) (area under curve 0.56, cutoff 38%, p = 0.45). In conclusion, the accuracy of quantitative coronary angiography in predicting LM IVUS minimum luminal area <6 mm(2) is limited. When IVUS is not available or contraindicated, 3D quantitative coronary angiography may assist in the evaluation of intermediate LMS. Among 2D-QCA parameters, minimum luminal diameter is more accurate than percent diameter stenosis in predicting significant LMS.     

血管内超声与冠状动脉造影在不稳定性心绞痛患者冠状动脉轻度狭窄中的显像特征

目的探讨血管内超声(IVUS)与冠状动脉造影(CAG)在不稳定性心绞痛患者冠状动脉轻度狭窄中的显像特征。方法对经CAG发现冠状动脉轻度狭窄的30例不稳定性心绞痛患者42处病变进行IVUS检查,观察病变斑块性质和血管最大狭窄程度,并对CAG和IVUS两种检查结果进行比较。结果 CAG发现,偏心性狭窄26处,向心性狭窄16处,病变最窄处血管直径狭窄率为(29.06±7.20)%;IVUS发现,偏心性斑块34处,向心性斑块8处,易损斑块28处,病变最窄处血管直径狭窄率为(37.37±6.50)%,面积狭窄率为(41.51±7.50)%。IVUS所测病变最窄处血管直径狭窄率明显高于CAG(P<0.05)。结论 CAG低估血管内病变情况,IVUS可准确地判定冠状动脉的病变性质和狭窄程度,更好地指导临床确定治疗策略。     

Assessment of intermediate severity coronary lesions in the catheterization laboratory.

The management of intermediate coronary lesions, defined by a diameter stenosis of 40% to 70%, continues to be a therapeutic dilemma for cardiologists. The 2-dimensional representation of the arterial lesion provided by angiography is limited in distinguishing intermediate lesions that require stenting from those that simply need appropriate medical therapy. In the era of drug-eluting stents, some might propose that stenting all intermediate coronary lesions is an appropriate solution. However, the possibility of procedural complications such as coronary dissection, no reflow phenomenon, in-stent restenosis, and stent thrombosis requires accurate stratification of patients with intermediate coronary lesions to appropriate therapy. Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) and fractional flow reserve index (FFR) provide anatomic and functional information that can be used in the catheterization laboratory to designate patients to the most appropriate therapy. The purpose of this review is to discuss the critical information obtained from IVUS and FFR in guiding treatment of patients with intermediate coronary lesions. In addition, the importance of IVUS and FFR in the management of patients with serial stenosis, bifurcation lesions, left main disease, saphenous vein graft disease, and acute coronary syndrome will be discussed.     

Assessment of intermediate severity coronary lesions in the catheterization laboratory

The management of intermediate coronary lesions, defined by a diameter stenosis of 40% to 70%, continues to be a therapeutic dilemma for cardiologists. The 2-dimensional representation of the arterial lesion provided by angiography is limited in distinguishing intermediate lesions that require stenting from those that simply need appropriate medical therapy. In the era of drug-eluting stents, some might propose that stenting all intermediate coronary lesions is an appropriate solution. However, the possibility of procedural complications such as coronary dissection, no reflow phenomenon, in-stent restenosis, and stent thrombosis requires accurate stratification of patients with intermediate coronary lesions to appropriate therapy. Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) and fractional flow reserve index (FFR) provide anatomic and functional information that can be used in the catheterization laboratory to designate patients to the most appropriate therapy. The purpose of this review is to discuss the critical information obtained from IVUS and FFR in guiding treatment of patients with intermediate coronary lesions. In addition, the importance of IVUS and FFR in the management of patients with serial stenosis, bifurcation lesions, left main disease, saphenous vein graft disease, and acute coronary syndrome will be discussed.     

冠状动脉造影三维重建与造影平面定量对比分析

目的研究冠状动脉造影三维重建定量分析冠状动脉狭窄病变的准确性，并与传统冠状动脉造影平面图像比较。方法收集2006年9月至200／年3月于解放军总医院接受冠状动脉造影和冠状动脉血管内超声检查（IVUS）的20处血管段（19例患者）的影像资料。以IVUS为参照，回顾性分析比较冠状动脉三维重建和传统平面图像对狭窄病变血管段最窄处管腔直径／面积、参考血管直径／面积、最窄处截面积狭窄率等的测量值。结果全部20处病变中，在三维重建和平面图像两种测量方法与IVUS各参数值差异无统计学意义；进一步分成偏心斑块组和向心斑块组，向心斑块组中三者测量值差异仍无统计学意义，而在偏心斑块组中冠状动脉三维重建对病变狭窄率测量比传统平面图像更准确（两组病变血管最窄处面积狭窄率为56．42％±11．02％比43．69％±21．41％，P〈0．05）。结论冠状动脉造影三维重建能够准确定量分析冠状动脉狭窄病变，对偏心性狭窄病变的准确性比传统造影平面图像更高。     

Evaluation of intermediate coronary stenosis with intravascular ultrasound and fractional flow reserve: Its use and abuse

Clinical decision making in patients with intermediate coronary stenosis is still debated. Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) examination and/or functional assessment of coronary stenosis by fractional flow reserve (FFR) are currently used to define the severity of such lesions. There are very few studies with a small sample size that have a head‐to‐head comparison between IVUS and FFR in the evaluation of angiographically de novo intermediate lesions. There are no randomized, controlled trials to demonstrate the superiority of IVUS versus FFR in providing improved clinical outcomes in comparison with angiography alone. However, the issue of superiority might be irrelevant, because IVUS and FFR could be complementary techniques to be used in the catheterization laboratory to provide critical anatomic and functional data that permit more accurate decisions in the management of the patient. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.