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1.
《临床心血管病杂志》2021,37(9):871-874
正1 病例资料患者,男,60岁。因"间断胸闷、咳嗽10年,加重伴呼吸困难半年"就诊于我院。10年前受凉后出现胸闷、咳嗽,伴心慌、出汗、乏力,伴咳白色黏痰,偶有双下肢水肿,无心前区疼痛,无头晕头痛、关节酸痛及恶心厌食,当地医院诊断为"风湿性心脏病二尖瓣狭窄",给予对症及支持治疗后好转出院。期间胸闷反复发作,性质同前,住院给予纠正心力衰竭(心衰)等治疗后可好转。近半年发病次数增多,胸闷程度较前加重,伴乏力、呼吸困难、咳嗽、咳痰、双下肢水肿  相似文献   

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随着人们生活方式的改变和人口的老龄化,主动脉瓣硬化、钙化与狭窄的发病率日益增高。研究显示,年龄大于65岁的人群中1/4存在主动脉瓣硬化,而其中约1/6主动脉瓣硬化将发展成主动脉瓣狭窄(aortic stenosis,AS),而半数轻一中度AS患者将会发展为血流动力学异常的重度主动脉瓣狭窄(symptomatic severe aortic stenosis,SAS)。  相似文献   

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钙化性主动脉瓣狭窄(CAS)是目前最常见的一种可能需要外科手术或导管介入干预的原发性瓣膜疾病,因缺乏有效的药物干预手段,大多数CAS患者会逐渐进展为重度主动脉瓣狭窄(SAS)。在临床实践中,有许多SAS患者处于无症状期,其中有些患者病情进展快速,预后较差。现行的心脏瓣膜病管理指南推荐对所有无症状SAS患者进行风险评估,...  相似文献   

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《新英格兰医学杂志》(New England Journal of Medicine)在2012年5月3日发表了经导管主动脉瓣置入(TAVR)研究(PARTNER)的结果。表明重度主动脉瓣狭窄并且不适合手术候选者的患者,经过恰当选择,采用TAVR可降低死亡率和住院率,并且在随访2年时,患者症状的减少和瓣膜血流动力学的改善仍然得以维持。但存在广泛的共存病况有可能减少TAVR的生存获益(N Engl J Med,2012,366:1696—1704)。  相似文献   

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目的分享经导管主动脉瓣植入术(TAVI)治疗重度主动脉瓣狭窄患者的经验。方法分析已完成TAVI患者的基线特征、术后血流动力学变化情况及临床结果。结果 2012年4月至2014年3月共36例患者于四川大学华西医院进行TAVI,平均年龄(73.9±7.2)岁,其中男24例(66.7%),平均欧洲心脏手术风险回归评分为(20.6±9.9)%。25例(69.4%)患者主动脉瓣叶形态呈二叶式畸形。TAVI成功35例(97.2%),4例(11.1%)需植入第2枚瓣膜。术后主动脉瓣平均跨瓣压差下降至(10.5±5.7)mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa),2例残余瓣周漏接近中度。术后30 d内死亡1例(2.8%),脑卒中2例(5.6%)。10例(27.8%)患者因出现Ⅲ度房室传导阻滞而植入了永久起搏器。中位随访时间323 d,除2例患者分别于术后374 d和680 d死于恶性肿瘤外,其余患者均保持无症状生存。结论对于不适合进行外科手术的二叶式和三叶式主动脉瓣重度狭窄患者,TAVI是可行、安全和有效的。  相似文献   

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目的探讨主动脉瓣重度狭窄患者接受经导管主动脉瓣置换术(TAVR)治疗的有效性和安全性。方法回顾性选取2017年9月至2019年12月接受TAVR的主动脉瓣重度狭窄患者36例。收集患者的人口学、实验室检查、影像辅助检查等全部临床资料,对手术过程、成功率、并发症以及手术前后超声心动图结果等进行分析。结果患者平均年龄(72.42±6.14)岁,瓣膜置入成功率100%。与术前相比,术后第1天的脑钠肽、主动脉瓣最大跨瓣压差、主动脉瓣跨瓣流速差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.01),术后6个月随访左心室射血分数、左心室舒张末期内径及左心室收缩末期内径都有显著改善(均P<0.01)。并发症方面,住院期间1例(2.8%)患者因三度房室传导阻滞行永久性起搏器植入;术后1周有2例(5.6%)患者存在轻度瓣周漏(<2mm),术后6个月随访时只有1例(2.8%)患者存在轻度瓣周漏;术后6个月随访时1例(2.8%)患者缺血性卒中。结论主动脉瓣重度狭窄患者行TAVR治疗有较好的安全性和有效性,可有效改善左心室重塑。  相似文献   

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目的:探讨主动脉瓣重度狭窄患者经股动脉导管主动脉瓣置换术(TAVR)治疗前后围术期内心功能及主动脉瓣压差、跨瓣流速的变化情况。方法:本研究为回顾性研究,选取2017年9月至2019年6月,在郑州市心血管病医院接受TAVR的27例主动脉瓣狭窄患者。对经TAVR治疗前、术后1d、7 d、1个月患者的临床症状、BNP、LVEF、最大跨瓣血流速度、主动脉瓣最大跨瓣压差进行分析,观察主动脉瓣重度狭窄患者接受TAVR治疗后围术期内疗效。结果:与术前相比,患者术后临床症状、心功能NYHA分级明显改善。患者BNP、主动脉瓣最大跨瓣压差、最大跨瓣流速下降明显,在术后1 d,差异有统计学意义(均P<0. 01);术后LVEF值明显上升,术后7 d可显现,差异有统计学意义,在心功能<50%的患者中,术后1 d差异有统计学意义(P<0. 05)。结论:TAVR治疗主动脉瓣重度狭窄临床疗效确切,在围术期即可迅速缓解临床症状、改善心功能、降低BNP值、提高LVEF。合并LVEF下降的主动脉瓣重度狭窄的患者接受TAVR治疗后患者心功能改善效果更明显。  相似文献   

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目的:70岁以上老年中重度主动脉瓣狭窄(AS)患者行主动脉瓣置换术(AVR)早期疗效分析。方法:回顾性分析我院2013年1月至2015年8月,心脏外科108例70岁以上中重度AS患者进行AVR的临床资料。结果:108例老年患者,男性82例,女性26例,平均年龄(78.6±5.2)岁,住院30d死亡6例(5.6%)。Logistic回归分析显示,住院30d死亡危险因素与术前肾功能不全、术前心功能NYHAⅣ级、体外循环时间≥180min、同时合并冠状动脉移植手术有关。随访26.3个月,随访率97.2%,死亡2例,1例发生脑部并发症,1例死于非心源性猝死。所有患者术后心功能和生活质量较术前明显提高。结论:术前脏器功能不全是患者住院死亡的主要危险因素,提示早期手术的重要性。  相似文献   

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目的:比较经导管主动脉瓣置换术(TAVR)与外科主动脉瓣置换术(SAVR)在中低危重度主动脉瓣狭窄患者中的治疗效果.方法:通过检索PubMed、Embase、Cochrane图书馆数据库收集关于TAVR在中危或低危重度主动脉狭窄患者中应用的临床研究进行Meta分析.结果:共纳入6项研究6891例患者,TAVR组与SAV...  相似文献   

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Objectives

The authors sought to collect data on contemporary practice and outcome of transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) in oncology patients with severe aortic stenosis (AS).

Background

Oncology patients with severe AS are often denied valve replacement. TAVR may be an emerging treatment option.

Methods

A worldwide registry was designed to collect data on patients who undergo TAVR while having active malignancy. Data from 222 cancer patients from 18 TAVR centers were compared versus 2,522 “no-cancer” patients from 5 participating centers. Propensity-score matching was performed to further adjust for bias.

Results

Cancer patients’ age was 78.8 ± 7.5 years, STS score 4.9 ± 3.4%, 62% men. Most frequent cancers were gastrointestinal (22%), prostate (16%), breast (15%), hematologic (15%), and lung (11%). At the time of TAVR, 40% had stage 4 cancer. Periprocedural complications were comparable between the groups. Although 30-day mortality was similar, 1-year mortality was higher in cancer patients (15% vs. 9%; p < 0.001); one-half of the deaths were due to neoplasm. Among patients who survived 1 year after the TAVR, one-third were in remission/cured from cancer. Progressive malignancy (stage III to IV) was a strong mortality predictor (hazard ratio: 2.37; 95% confidence interval: 1.74 to 3.23; p < 0.001), whereas stage I to II cancer was not associated with higher mortality compared with no-cancer patients.

Conclusions

TAVR in cancer patients is associated with similar short-term but worse long-term prognosis compared with patients without cancer. Among this cohort, mortality is largely driven by cancer, and progressive malignancy is a strong mortality predictor. Importantly, 85% of the patients were alive at 1 year, one-third were in remission/cured from cancer. (Outcomes of Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation in Oncology Patients With Severe Aortic Stenosis [TOP-AS]; NCT03181997)  相似文献   

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目的:探讨经导管主动脉瓣置换术治疗心功能衰竭主动脉瓣狭窄患者的有效性和安全性。方法:回顾性分析阜外医院2019年1月至2020年12月行TAVR手术的主动脉瓣狭窄患者142例。结果: 围手术期内共有2例(1.4%)患者中转外科手术,重度心功能衰竭组1例(17%),中度心功能衰竭组1例(3.0%),有显著的统计学差异(p<0.01)。术后使用ECMO辅助循环2例(1.4%),重度心功能衰竭组1例(17%),中度心功能衰竭组1例(3.0%),有显著的统计学差异(p<0.01)。术中使用体外循环辅助1例(0.70%),死亡1例(0.70%),均发生于中度心功能衰竭组,术中左室破裂1例(0.70%),术后致残性脑卒中1例(0.70%),均发生于正常心功能组,三组无明显的统计学差异。术后外周血管并发症4例(2.8%),术后起搏器植入11例(7.7%),三组无明显的统计学差异。结论:经导管主动脉瓣置换术是治疗心功能衰竭的主动脉狭窄患者的有效及安全的治疗方法。  相似文献   

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Background: Patients with aortic stenosis (AS) should undergo aortic valve replacement (AVR) before irreversible LV dysfunction has developed. Assessment of long‐axis left ventricular (LV) function may assist in proper timing of AVR. Objectives: To assess serial changes in long‐axis LV function before and after AVR in patients with severe AS and preserved LV ejection fraction. Methods: The study comprised 27 consecutive patients (mean age 64.9 ± 11.7 years, 15 males) with symptomatic severe AS, scheduled for AVR. Seventeen subjects without known cardiac disease, matched for age, gender, LV ejection fraction and cardiovascular risk factors, served as a control group. Long‐axis LV function assessment was done with tissue Doppler imaging at 3 weeks, 6 months, and 12 months after AVR. Results: Mean aortic valve area in the AS group was 0.70 ± 0.24 cm2. Pre‐AVR peak systolic mitral annular velocities were significantly lower compared to controls (6.7 ± 1.5 vs. 8.9 ± 2.0 cm/s, P < 0.05). Post‐AVR peak systolic mitral annular velocities improved to 9.1 ± 2.9 at 3 weeks, 8.6 ± 2.7 at 6 months, and 8.1 ± 1.7 cm/s at 12 months (P < 0.05). Improvements were seen over the whole range of pre‐AVR peak systolic mitral annular velocities. Patients with improved Sm after AVR (defined as ≥10% compared to baseline values) did not differ in baseline characteristics as compared to those who did not improve. Conclusions: In patients with severe AS and preserved LV ejection fraction, abnormal systolic mitral annular velocities improve after AVR, independent of the pre‐AVR value. (Echocardiography 2010;27:1177‐1181)  相似文献   

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Objectives

The authors sought to compare clinical and hemodynamic outcomes in patients receiving transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) for low-gradient (LG) aortic stenosis in the CoreValve EUS (Expanded Use Study) versus those with high-gradient (HG) aortic stenosis from the CoreValve U.S. Pivotal Extreme Risk Trial and CAS (Continued Access Study).

Background

The EUS examined the impact of TAVR in patients unsuitable for surgical aortic valve replacement who were excluded from the U.S. Pivotal Extreme Risk Trial due to LG aortic stenosis.

Methods

EUS patients were stratified by left ventricular ejection fraction: normal (≥50%, LG–normal ejection fraction), and low (<50%, did not respond to dobutamine by generating a mean gradient >40 mm Hg and/or velocity >4.0 m/s, “nonresponders”), and compared with extreme-risk patients from U.S. Pivotal and CAS that had either low resting gradient and responded to dobutamine (“responders”), or a high resting gradient (HG) or velocity. The primary endpoint was all-cause mortality or major stroke at 1 year. Hemodynamics and quality of life are reported at 30 days and 1 year.

Results

At 30 days, patients with LG/low left ventricular ejection fraction (nonresponders and responders) had significantly higher rates of all-cause mortality or major stroke, all-cause mortality, and cardiovascular mortality than both HG and LG–normal ejection fraction patients. At 1 year, only the responders had higher rates of these outcomes in comparison to the other 3 groups. Mean gradient and effective orifice area improved significantly in all patients and were maintained through 1 year. New York Heart Association functional classification and Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire overall summary scores improved (p < 0.05) in all cohorts through 1 year. When all 4 subgroups were pooled, both decreasing mean gradient and stroke volume index were associated with increased mortality. Pre-procedural mean gradient was the only hemodynamic independent predictor of 1-year mortality by multivariate analysis.

Conclusions

In this study, TAVR provided EUS patients significant hemodynamic relief with both 1-year survival and quality of life outcomes comparable to Pivotal and CAS patients (Safety & Efficacy Study of the Medtronic CoreValve System-Treatment of Symptomatic Severe Aortic Stenosis With Significant Comorbidities in Extreme Risk Subjects Who Need Aortic Valve Replacement, NCT01675440; Safety and Efficacy Study of the Medtronic CoreValve System in the Treatment of Symptomatic Severe Aortic Stenosis in High Risk and Very High Risk Subjects Who Need Aortic Valve Replacement, NCT01240902; Safety and Efficacy Continued Access Study of the Medtronic CoreValve System in the Treatment of Symptomatic Severe Aortic Stenosis in Very High Risk Subjects and High Risk Subjects Who Need Aortic Valve Replacement, NCT01531374)  相似文献   

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