印度人基底神经节英语书写功能的PET-CT研究

Objective To explore the neuropsychological mechanism of basal ganglia in English writing and elucidate law of alphabetic writing by means of PET-CT. Methods Subjects were six healthy Indian overseas students,sophomore and junior undergraduate. PET-CT examinations of the pseudo-writing and the English writing were carried out successively with an interval of 3～5 days. Statistical parametric mapping (SPM) was used to compare the datum of the two tasks through paired-t test. After analyzing areas where the metabolism of glucose changed the images about activated cerebral regions in English writing were obtained. Results The metabolism of glucose in leftpatamen(x=-30,y=-11,z=4,t=2.34, Z=1.84, P=0.033) andcaudatehead(x=-8,y= 17, z=-4, t=2.08, Z=1.70, P=0.045) were increased in the comparison between English writing and English pseudo-writing. Conclusion Left basal ganglia participates in English writing with contralateral cerebral domi-nance in right-handedness.     

Uhwang Chungsim Won Decreases Blood Oxygen Level-Dependent fMRI Signal Response to A Motor Stimulation Task

Objectives:To evaluate the effect of Uhwang Chungsim Won[UC,Niuhuang Qingxin Pill(牛黄清心丸)]on the blood oxygen level-dependent(BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI) signal response to a motor stimulation task using a hand grasping paradigm.Methods:Ten healthy right-handed male volunteers were recruited.Their BOLD fMRI signal characteristics during hand grasping were determined before and 1 h after consuming UC.Results:With the administration of UC,BOLD responses to the right hand motor task showed a decrease in both hemispheres including the right cerebellar culmen,right and left medial frontal gyrus,right parahippocampal gyrus,right and left sublobar insula,right and left posterior cinguiate,left precuneus,and right precentral gyrus.Decreased BOLD responses to the left hand motor task were shown in the right lingual gyrus,right cerebellar culmen,left superior temporal gyrus,right and left middle frontal gyrus,and right precentral gyrus after UC administration.Increased BOLD responses to the left hand motor task were shown in the left and right posterior cinguiate,while there was no increased response to the right hand motor task after UC administration.Conclusions:UC administration significantly decreased fMRI BOLD signal responses to hand grasping in most of the brain areas including the primary motor cortex,but it is not clear whether these decreased responses were caused by a decrease in neuronal activities or by an increase in cerebral blood flow due to the cerebral vasodilatory effects of UC.Further studies using positron emission tomography or single photon emission computed tomography are needed to fully elucidate these findings.     

Voxel-based statistical analysis of cerebral glucose metabolism in patients with permanent vegetative state after acquired brain injury

Background Permanent vegetative state is defined as the impaired level of consciousness longer than 12 months after traumatic causes and 3 months after non-traumatic causes of brain injury. Although many studies assessed the cerebral metabolism in patients with acute and persistent vegetative state after brain injury, few studies investigated the cerebral metabolism in patients with permanent vegetative state. In this study, we performed the voxel-based analysis of cerebral glucose metabolism and investigated the relationship between regional cerebral glucose metabolism and the severity of impaired consciousness in patients with permanent vegetative state after acquired brain injury.Methods We compared the regional cerebral glucose metabolism as demonstrated by F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography from 12 patients with permanent vegetative state after acquired brain injury with those from 12 control subjects. Additionally, covariance analysis was performed to identify regions where decreased changes in regional cerebral glucose metabolism significantly correlated with a decrease of level of consciousness measured by JFK-coma recovery scare. Statistical analysis was performed using statistical parametric mapping.Results Compared with controls, patients with permanent vegetative state demonstrated decreased cerebral glucose metabolism in the left precuneus, both posterior cingulate cortices, the left superior parietal lobule （Pcorrected 〈0.001）, and increased cerebral glucose metabolism in the both cerebellum and the right supramarginal cortices （Pcorrected 〈0.001）. In the covariance analysis, a decrease in the level of consciousness was significantly correlated with decreased cerebral glucose metabolism in the both posterior cingulate cortices （Puncorrected 〈0.005）.Conclusion Our findings suggest that the posteromedial parietal cortex, which are part of neural network for consciousness, may be relevant structure for pathophysiological mechanism in patients with permanent vegetative state after acquired brain injury.     

Single photon emission CT perfusion imaging of cerebral blood flow of early syphilis patients

Objective To injvestigate the cerebral blood flow of patients with early syphilis.Methods ^99Tc^m-ECD as brain perfusion imaging agent was used in single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) for 32 patients with early syphilis and 15 controls. Visual analyses were made on every BSPECT image.Results The 32 patients with early syphilis had general, patchy hypoperfusion of cerebral blood flow.Fourteen of the 32 patients had 48 episodes of marked patchy hypoperfusion of rCBF. The responsible areas of hypoperfusion in a patchy distribution involved the left frontal lobe (6 episodes), right frontal lobe (3), left parietal lobe (7), right parietal lobe ( 6 ), left temporal lobe ( 11 ), right temporal lobe(5), left occipital lobe (3), left basal ganglia (3), cerebellum (1), and nerve nuceus (1). No abnormality was found in the control group.Conclusions Cerebral blood flow abnormalities exist in patients with early syphilis. General patchyhy poperfusion on SPECT imaging is common.     

Increased regional homogeneity in internet addiction disorder: a resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging study

Background Internet addition disorder （lAD） is currently becoming a serious mental health problem among Chinese adolescents. The pathogenesis of lAD, however, remains unclear. The purpose of this study applied regional homogeneity （ReHo） method to analyze encephalic functional characteristic of lAD college students under resting state. Methods Functional magnetic resonanc image （fMRI） was performed in 19 lAD college students and 19 controls under resting state. ReHo method was used to analyze the differences between the average ReHo in two groups. Results The following increased ReHo brain regions were found in lAD group compared with control group： cerebellum, brainstem, right cingulate gyrus, bilateral parahippocampus, right frontal lobe （rectal gyrus, inferior frontal gyrus and middle frontal gyrus）, left superior frontal gyrus, left precuneus, right postcentral gyrus, right middle occipital gyrus, right inferior temporal gyrus, left superior temporal gyrus and middle temporal gyrus. The decreased ReHo brain regions were not found in the lAD group compared with the control group. Conclusions There are abnormalities in regional homogeneity in lAD college students compared with the controls and enhancement of synchronization in most encephalic regions can be found. The results reflect the functional change of brain in lAD college students. The connections between the enhancement of synchronization among cerebellum, brainstem, limbic lobe, frontal lobe and apical lobe may be relative to reward pathways.     

Cerebral activation during unilateral clenching in patients with temporomandibular joint synovitis and biting pain: an functional magnetic resonance imaging study

Background  Functional magnetic resonance is a non-invasive method that can examine brain activity and has been widely used in various fields including jaw movement and pain processing. Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) is one of the most frequent facial pain problems. The objective of this study was to investigate the brain activities using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during unilateral maximal voluntary clenching tasks in the TMD synovitis patients with biting pain.

Methods  Fourteen TMD synovitis patients with unilateral biting pain and 14 controls were included in the study. Contralateral biting pain was defined as right molar clenching causing left temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pain. Ipsilateral biting pain was defined as right molar clenching causing right TMJ pain. Symptom Check List-90 (SCL-90) was administered to the patients and controls. Independent sample t-test was used to compare the SCL-90 subscales between the two groups. Unilateral clenching tasks were performed by the patients and controls. Imaging data were analyzed using SPM99.

Results  Patients were divided into contralateral TMD biting pain group (n=8) and ipsilateral TMD biting pain group (n=6). The SCL-90 subscales were significantly different between the two groups for somatization, depression, anxiety, phobic anxiety, and paranoid ideation. Group analysis of the controls demonstrated brain activations in the inferior frontal gyrus, precentral gyrus, middle frontal gyrus, superior temporal gyrus, and insular. The areas of activation were different between right and left clenching task. In TMJ synovitis patients with contralateral or ipsilateral biting pain, the group analysis showed activations in the inferior frontal gyrus, superior temporal gyrus, medium frontal gyrus, precentral gyrus, and anterior cingulate cortex.

Conclusions  The inferior frontal gyrus and precentral gyrus play essential roles during the unilateral clenching task. Activation of anterior cingulate cortex in the synovitis patients with biting pain was associated with higher levels of psychological distress.

     

Spontaneous brain activity in chronic smokers revealed by fractional amplitude of low frequency fluctuation analysis: a resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging study

Background Nicotine is primarily rsponsible for the highly addictive properties of cigarettes. Similar to other substances, nicotine dependence is related to many important brain regions, particular in mesolimbic reward circuit. This study was to further reveal the alteration of brain function activity dudng resting state in chronic smokers by fractional amplitude of low frequency fluctuation （fALFF） based on functional magnetic resonance imaging （fMRI）, in order to provide the evidence of neurobiological mechanism of smoking. Methods This case control study involved twenty healthy smokers and nineteen healthy nonsmokers recruited by advertisement. Sociodemographic, smoking related characteristics and fMRI images were collected and the data analyzed. Results Compared with nonsmokers, smokers showed fALFF increased significantly in the left middle occipital gyrus, left limbic lobe and left cerebellum posterior lobe but decreases in the right middle frontal gyrus, right superior temporal gyrus, right extra nuclear, left postcentral gyrus and left cerebellum anterior lobe （cluster size 〉100 voxels）. Compared with light smokers （pack years 〈20）, heavy smokers （pack years 〉20） showed fALFF increased significantly in the right superior temporal gyrus, right precentral gyrus, and right occipital Iobe/cuneus but decreased in the right/left limbic Iobe/cingulate gyrus, right/left frontal lobe/sub gyral, right/left cerebellum posterior lobe （cluster size 〉50 voxels）. Compared with nonsevere nicotine dependent smokers （FagerstrSm test for nicotine dependence, score 〈6）, severe nicotine dependent smokers （score 〉6） showed fALFF increased significantly in the right/left middle frontal gyrus, right superior frontal gyrus and left inferior parietal Iobule but decreased in the left limbic Iobe/cingulate gyrus （cluster size 〉25 voxels）. Conclusions In smokers during rest, the activity of addiction related regions were increased and the activity of smoking feeling, memory, related regions were also changed. The resting state activity changes in many regions were associated with the cumulative amount of nicotine intake and the severity of nicotine dependence.     

Brain glucose metabolism and neuropsychological test in patients with mild cognitive impairment

Objective To investigate the features of regional cerebral metabolic rate of glucose （rCMRglc） in patients with mild cognitive impairment(MCI) by positron emission-tomography and its relationship with neuropsychological test.Methods Positron emission tomography, mini-mental state examination and Wechsler memory scale were applied in 10 patients with MCI and 10 healthy volunteers as the control group. Results Scores of mini-mental state examination and Wechsler memory scale in MCI patients were lower than those in the control group (P<0.01). rCMRglc of the left orbital gyrus, right middle temporal gyrus and right putamen was lower in the MCI group than in the control group (P<0.05). Correlation analysis in the MCI group indicated that rCMRglc of many brain regions such as the orbital gyrus, putamen, left hippocampus and parahippocampal gyrus, cingulate gyrus, left amygdaloid body, precentral gyrus, postcentral gyrus, and medial occipitotemporal gyrus in MCI patients, were correlated negatively with age; while the rCMRglc of many parts of the brain such as the left putamen, temporal lobe, anterior cingulate gyrus, left insular lobe, amygdaloid body, precentral gyrus, postcentral gyrus and medial occipitotemporal gyrus were correlated positively with mini-mental state examination; and rCMRglc of the left putamen, temporal lobe, left insular lobe, precentral gyrus and postcentral gyrus were correlated positively with Wechsler memory scale. The right putamen, the right inferior temporal gyrus, precentral gyrus, and left postcentral gyrus were correlated positively with the length of education. However, only rCMRglc of the left amygdaloid body were correlated positively with gender. Conclusion The rCMRglc was lower in the orbital gyrus and putamen of MCI patients. Their rCMRglc were correlated with their cognitive impairment severity, age, length of education and sex.     

Gray Matter Volume Changes over the Whole Brain in the Bulbar-and Spinal-onset Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis:a Voxel-based Morphometry Study

Objective To investigate cerebral structural signatures of the bulbar- and spinal-onset amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) using voxel-based morphometry on magnetic resonance imaging. Methods The MR structural images of the brain were obtained from 65 ALS patients (15 bulbar-onset, 50 spinal-onset) and 65 normal controls (NC) on a 3.0T MRI system. Gray matter (GM) volume changes were investigated by voxel-based morphometry, and the distribution of the brain regions with volume changes was compared between ALS and normal controls, as well as between bulbar-onset and spinal-onset ALS based on Neuromorphometrics atlas. Results On voxel-level the decreased volume of brain regions in ALS patients was located in the right precentral gyrus (rPrcGy) and right middle frontal gyrus compared with that in NC. The bulbar-onset ALS presented extra-motor cortex atrophy (fronto-temporal pattern), including left medial orbital gyrus, left inferior temporal gyrus and right middle temporal gyrus; the spinal-onset ALS suffered from motor cortex atrophy (rPrcGy dominance) and extra-motor cortex atrophy (fronto-temporal and extra-fronto-temporal pattern) compared with NC. The spinal-onset ALS featured by GM volume loss of left postcentral gyrus and bulbar-onset ALS featured by GM volume loss of left middle temporal gyrus compared with each other. Conclusions The asymmetric GM atrophy of the motor cortex and extra-motor cortex represents the common MRI structural signatures of spinal-onset ALS, and sole extra-motor cortex atrophy represents the structural signatures of bulbar-onset ALS. The present study also demonstrated that the pattern of GM damage is likely to distribute wider in spinal-onset ALS than in bulbar-onset ALS.     

Cortical Thinning Pattern of Bulbar-and Spinal-onset Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: a Surface-based Morphometry Study

Objective The precise cortical thinning pattern has not been elucidated for onset subtypes of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The current study aimed to investigate the altered cortical thickness signatures of the bulbar-onset and spinal-onset ALS using surface-based morphometry, and the correlation between the cortical thickness of positive brain regions and clinical variables of the patients. Methods MR structural images were obtained from 65 ALS patients (15 bulbar-onset, 50 spinal-onset) and 65 normal controls (NCs) on a 3.0T MRI system. The structural images were segmented into gray matter and white matter based on DARTEL method and the central cortical surfaces were reconstructed using projection-based thickness method. The surface-based morphometry was performed to identify the alteration of cortical thickness in overall ALS patients, bulbar-onset ALS patients and spinal-onset ALS patients comparing to the NCs. The correlation analysis was applied between the clinical variables and the mean cortical thickness of the abnormal brain regions with age and sex as covariates. Results The cortex thinning of ALS patients was located in the left precentral gyrus, left postcentral gyrus, right gyrus rectus and right medial precentral gyrus. The bulbar-onset ALS (ALS-bulbar) presented motor cortex thinning of left precentral gyrus and right supplementary motor cortex, and the spinal-onset ALS (ALS-spinal) suffered from extra-motor cortex thinning of left posterior insula and right gyrus rectus. In ALS patients, the thickness of right gyrus rectus was negatively correlated to disease duration (r=-0.311, P=0.013), the thickness of right precentral gyrus was positively correlated to the score of ALS functional rating score-revise (ALSFRS-R) (r=0.271, P=0.032). The thickness of motor cortices in ALS-bulbar were not correlated to disease duration and ALSFRS-R score; the thickness of extra-motor cortices in ALS-spinal were negatively correlated to the disease duration (left insula, r=-0.409, P=0.004; right gyrus rectus, r=-0.351, P=0.014). Conclusion The findings suggested that bilateral motor cortex thinning presented in bulbar-onset ALS and extra-motor cortex thinning presented in spinal-onset ALS. The motor cortex thinning may be the intrinsic pathophysiological change that associated to the disease disability, and extra-motor cortex thinning may be secondary pathophysiological change that associated to disease duration.     

第二语言书写的功能神经影像学研究

目的 探讨中国人以英语为第二语言进行书写的神经基础.方法 利用PET-CT对6例健康受试者行假写作业和英语文字书写作业的18氟脱氧葡萄糖(18F-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose,18F-FDG)脑 功能成像,用统计参数图(Statistical parametric mapping,SPM)方法对假写、书写的脑PET图像进行配对t检验分析,获得英语文字书写引起的脑内葡萄糖代谢变化区域.结果 左侧顶下小叶、中央后回、扣带回、壳核和右侧额上回、运动前回、丘脑背侧内核、小脑半球葡萄糖代谢增加(P<0.05).结论 第二语言书写涉及多个脑区,左侧顶下小叶、右侧额叶及小脑半球参与词汇的产牛和加工过程,左侧壳核在语言学习上发挥了一定的作用.     

国人英文语言活动区功能磁共振研究

目的利用BOLD功能磁共振,初步探索母语为中文者,说第二语言(L2)英文时大脑的语言相关功能区。方法对22名“晚双语”正常中国人,说英文句子状态下进行BOLD磁共振脑功能成像,探索其L2大脑活动皮层相关功能区。结果说英文时激活的脑区包括：左右侧运动区、左额下回、右额下回、左侧颞上回、岛叶及左右侧小脑。结论BOLD功能磁共振可显示第二语言英文大脑活动相关皮层,是无创性研究人类语言的有力武器。     

印度人基底神经节英语书写功能的PET-CT研究

目的 应用正电子发射计算机体层显像-计算机体层显像(PET-CT)探讨基底神经节在印度人英语书写中的神经心理学机制,并在此基础七阐释拼音文字书写规律.方法 以6名健康的大学本科印度留学生为研究对象,每人分别执行假写和英语书写作业,采用PET-CT进行扫描并获得数据,通过统计参数图对假写和英语书写的图像数据进行配对t检验.分析葡萄糖代谢变化的区域,获得英语书写所引起的脑功能激活图.结果 英语书写与假写比较时,左侧壳核(x=-30,Y=-11,z=4,t值=2.34,Z值=1.84,P值=0.033)、尾状核头(X=-8,Y=17,z=-4,t值=2.08,z值=1.70,P值=0.045)葡萄糖代谢增加.结论 左侧基底神经节参与英语书写过程,并在右利手人群中具有对侧优势性.     

首发未治疗的精神分裂症患者不同脑区葡萄糖代谢水平?

目的：通过观察首发未治疗的精神分裂症患者不同脑区葡萄糖代谢水平,探讨精神分裂症的病理生理学基础。方法纳入符合国际疾病分类标准第10版的首发未治疗的精神分裂症患者18例(观察组),同时选择和观察组年龄和性别相匹配的健康志愿者18人,分别进行正电子发射断层( PET/FDG, position emission tomography/18F-氟代脱氧葡萄糖)扫描,利用参数统计图(SPM)将两组进行配对t检验,分析两组间脑局部葡萄糖代谢差异。结果观察组左颞下回、左颞叶梭状回葡萄糖代谢水平升高,右侧顶下小叶、右侧顶叶缘上回、左顶下小叶、右侧中央后回、右侧额叶辅助运动区葡萄糖代谢水平明显低于健康志愿者,差异均有统计学意义( P<0．05)。结论首发未用药精神分裂症患者不同脑区葡萄糖代谢水平不同,其中颞叶代谢增高,顶叶、额叶代谢降低。     

应用统计参数图软件分析阿尔茨海默病脑白质葡萄糖代谢变化

目的探讨阿尔茨海默病（AD）脑白质葡萄糖代谢异常的分布及意义。方法收集13例符合DSM-IV诊断标准的AD患者,其中6例有痴呆精神行为症状（BPSD）,7例无BPSD,健康对照10名。对所有入组者进行脑正电子发射断层成像（PET）检查;应用统计参数图（SPM2000）对PET图像进行以像素为基础的统计学处理。结果（1）AD患者存在广泛的白质葡萄糖代谢低于健康对照者,较为明显的区域有右侧额叶皮质下白质、左侧额叶上中回皮质下白质（P=0．001）;（2）AD患者左侧额叶内侧回皮质下白质、左侧枕叶楔回皮质下白质葡萄糖代谢高于健康对照者（P：0．001）;（3）伴有BPSD的AD患者在左右枕叶中回、左侧枕叶楔回、右侧顶下小叶、左侧颞叶梭形回、左侧额叶内侧回等脑区的皮质下白质葡萄糖代谢高于不伴有BPSD的AD患者（P=0．001）;而左右额叶中央旁回、右侧额叶上回和中回、左侧颞叶上回等脑区的皮质下白质葡萄糖代谢低于不伴有BPSD的AD患者（P=0．001）。结论AD脑葡萄糖代谢有广泛的白质代谢异常,主要表现为额、顶、颞叶皮质下联络区白质代谢较低,额叶内侧回及枕叶楔回皮质下白质代谢较强,而且BPSD症状与相关部分脑区代谢异常相关。     

学龄期儿童认知发展静息态的功能磁共振研究

目的 探讨不同年龄组学龄期儿童静息态fMRI的特征,研究学龄期儿童认知功能发展变化特点.方法 将29名正常学龄期儿童根据年龄分为3组(8岁组10名、10岁组10名、12岁组9名)进行静息态fMRI扫描,采用局部一致性(ReHo)作为测量指标.结果 10岁组与8岁组、12岁组与10岁组及12岁组与8岁组比较发现颞上回(Z=2.83、Z=3.21)、颞中回(Z=3.74、Z=3.19、Z=4.26)、颞下回(Z=3.01)以及豆状核(Z=3.31)等区域的ReHo值增高;12岁组与10岁组、12岁组与8岁组比较发现额上回(Z=3.21)额中回(Z=3.19、Z=3.22)及额内侧回(Z=3.15)、舌回(Z=3.43)以及小脑(Z=3.11、Z=2.97)等区域ReHo值均增高;12岁组与10岁组比较发现扣带回区域(Z=3.45)以及12岁组与8岁组比较发现楔前叶(Z=2.95)、后扣带回(Z=2.64)等区域的ReHo值增高.结论 随着年龄增长,正常儿童的执行控制功能、注意调节、视觉空间整合以及静息态时的默认网络功能逐渐完善.     

语言熟悉性对汉语和英语神经认知模式 影响的功能磁共振成像研究

目的应用组块设计功能磁共振成像技术,分析语言熟悉性对汉英＇’晚双语者n两种语言神 经认知模式异同影响的重要性。方法利用1.5T磁共振成像系统扫描13名中国汉族成年健康男性“晚双 语者”,同时给予预先录制编辑的中英文声音刺激,并通过反馈系统实时记录反应结果。应用基于Matlab 平台的SPM2 （Statistical Parametric Mapping）软件处理、分析功能成像数据。结果熟悉声音比较,汉语较 英语在右颞上回显著激活,英语较汉语在左楔前叶、额中回和左后扣带回显著激活;不熟悉声音比较,汉语 较英语在右颞中回和右额叶显著激活,英语较汉语在右额下回、额中回和左颞中回显著激活。结论语言 熟悉性在听力水平上可能是影响双语者两种语言神经认知方式异同的关键因素。     

额三针透刺的脑功能性磁共振成像研究

目的:研究额三针透刺引发的脑内功能区的变化情况。方法:对6例健康志愿者进行额三针透刺,利用血氧依赖性磁共振成像技术,获取针刺前后的脑功能变化图像,利用SPM信号处理系统进行对比分析,观察脑皮层相应功能区的激活状况。结果:额三针透刺高激活的脑区,左侧:额上回(BA8/10),额中回(BA9/46),额下回(BA47),颞上回(BA38),颞中回(BA39),边缘叶,楔叶(BA20),小脑;右侧:中央前回(BA6),颞下回(BA20),枕叶(BA18/19),顶下小叶(BA40),脑干,尾状核;低激活的脑区,左侧:豆状核,顶上小叶(BA7),颞上回(BA39),颞下回(BA20),额中回(BA8);右侧:边缘叶(BA33)。结论:额三针透刺激活脑区可能在治疗心境障碍性疾病时起一定作用,fMRI可清楚显示针刺效应引起的脑部功能变化,可作为针刺机制及效应的评价方法。     

注意缺陷多动障碍儿童静息态功能磁共振比率低频振幅的研究

目的 使用静息态功能磁共振(fMRI)比率低频振幅(fALFF)测量技术,从能量的角度对注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)儿童与正常儿童进行比较分析,探讨ADHD儿童执行控制脑功能失调病理机制.方法 分别对30例学龄期ADHD儿童与30名性别、年龄、受教育程度均相匹配的正常儿童进行静息态fMRI扫描,采用比率低频振幅算法作为指标进行比较分析.结果 同正常组比较,fALFF值降低区:双侧额上回(BA10,t=5.40,4.11,Z=4.81,3.82),双侧额中回(BA9,BA46,t=5.72,5.37,Z=5.04,3.08),右侧额内侧回(BA10,t=5.53,Z=4.90),左楔叶(t=3.81,Z=3.57);fALFF值升高区:双侧边缘叶(BA36,t=4.37,5.20,Z=4.02,4.66),右侧脑干(t=4.77,Z=4.34),双侧小脑(t=4.65,4.83,Z=4.24,4.38).结论 研究提示在静息状态下前额叶的激活降低,其调控的执行控制功能缺陷是ADHD的核心缺陷.在一些脑区表现的高激活区,可能与ADHD执行控制脑功能失调代偿作用有关.     

汉英双语者双语脑激活模式fMRI研究

目的探讨汉英双语者双语加工过程脑激活模式的异同。方法母语为汉语的汉英双语者12人,分为英语专业组及非英语专业组,执行单词语义理解任务,采集fMRI图像数据,了解两种语言任务作业时的脑区激活分布模式。结果所有受试者均出现双侧半球脑区不同程度的激活,多数受试者以左侧脑区激活明显,除传统语言脑区Wernicke和Broca区外,还出现其他脑区激活,如小脑、边缘系统、基底神经节等。汉英两种语言任务作业时脑区激活分布存在明显重叠,未发现特异性的汉语或英语加工脑区。感兴趣区分析提示专业组较非专业组执行英语任务时更多依赖右半球机制。结论左侧半球主导语言认知功能,右侧大脑半球不同程度参与该过程,双侧半球分工协作。执行汉英单词语义理解任务作业时相应脑区激活分布存在明显重叠。右半球执行英语任务作业机制与第二语言的熟练程度相关。