水面舰艇军人心理弹性、自我意识、性格与应激水平、心理健康的相关研究

目的 探讨水面舰艇军人心理弹性、自我意识、性格与应激水平、心理健康的关系.方法 采用成人心理弹性量表(RSA)、艾森克人格问卷(EPQ)、自我接纳问卷(SAQ)、一般自我效能感量表((SES)、Wallance自我概念量表(WSCS)、心理应激自评问卷(PSET)和症状自评量表(SCL-90),对1451名水面舰艇军人进行整群抽样调查.结果 ①水面舰艇军人有明显心理应激反应的占2.5%,心理健康状况较中国常模差,除强迫和人际敏感因子外,其他因子分数均显著高于中国军人常模(P＜0.01);②SCL-90总分及心理应激与心理弹性、内外向和自我意识显著负相关,与神经质显著正相关.SCL-90阳性军人(SCL-90总分＞160分)在神经质和PSET的得分显著高于阴性组,在RSA、内外向和自我意识的得分显著低于阴性组(P＜0.01);③回归分析结果显示:应激水平、情绪稳定性、自我意识和心理弹性能较好预测军人应激时的心理健康水平,而心理健康水平、情绪稳定性、内外向和心理弹性能较好预测个体的应激水平,解释率分别为35.1%和33.2%.结论 水面舰艇军人存在一定程度的心理应激和心理健康问题,心理弹性、性格、自我意识是影响心理应激和心理健康的重要因素.

Abstract：

Objective To study the relationships among resilience, self-awareness, personality, stress level and mental health in the warship soldiers. Methods Resilience Scale for Adults ( RSA), Eysenck Personality Questionnaire ( EPQ), Self Acceptance Questionnaire( SAQ), General Self-Efficacy Scale( GSES), Wallance Self Concept Scale (WSCS), Psychological Stress Self-evaluation Test (PSET) and Symptom Checklist (SCL-90)were used to survey 1451 warship soldiers. Results ① 2.5％ of the warship soldiers reported obvious psychological stress. Mental health of warship soldiers was worse than the norm of China population, except for obsessivecompulsive and interpersonal sensitivity factor. While the scores of other factors were significantly higher than the norm of Chinese soldiers(P＜0.01). ②The total scores of SCL-90, psychological stress and resilience, internal/external had negative correlation with self-awareness, and positive correlation with neuroticism. Compared to the SCL-90-negative group,SCL-90-positive soldiers (SCL-90 total score ＞ 160) had higher scores of nervousness and PSET and lower scores of RSA, internal/external and self-awareness (P ＜ 0.01 ). ③Regression analysis showed that stress levels, emotional stability,self-awareness and resilience were able to predict 35.1％ of mental health in warship soldiers. Mental health, emotional stability, internal/external and resilience were able to predict 33.2％of individual's stress level. Conclusion To some extent, warship soldiers have psychological stress and mental health problems. Resilience, personality, self-awareness are important factors affecting psychological stress and mental health.     

高原军人心理弹性状况及影响因素的研究

目的 研究高原军人心理弹性状况及影响因素.方法 采用成人心理弹性量表( RSA)、症状自评量表( SCL-90)、艾森克人格问卷(EPQ)和一般自我效能感量表(GSES),随机选取拉萨和林芝的高原军人756名进行测查.结果 ①高原军人心理弹性状况良好(2.78±0.47)分;不同文化程度的高原军人在未来计划(F=3.261,P=0.039)、家庭凝聚(F=6.428,P=0.002)、计划风格(F=4.135,P=0.016)和RSA总均分(F=4.162,P=0.016)上有显著差异,且大专及以上＞高中＞初中及以下;②RSA低分组在SCL-90( t=10.308,P=0.000)和神经质(t=11.297,p=0.000)的得分显著高于RSA高分组,在自我效能感( t=12.956,P=0.000)和内外向(t=13.004,P=0.000)的得分显著低于RSA高分组;③高原军人的心理弹性与自我效能感和内外向存在显著正相关(r自我效能感=0.48,r内外向=0.46),与神经质和SCL-90存在显著的负相关(r神经质=-0.42,r scL-90=-0.41),进行回归分析结果表明,自我效能感、内外向和神经质对心理弹性具有42％的预测作用.结论 高原军人心理弹性状况良好,自我效能感、内外向和神经质是影响心理弹性的重要因素.     

大学生拖延行为与大五人格的关系研究

Objective To study the relationship of the university students' procrastination and big five personality factors.Methods 461 university students were assessed by the simple edition of tuckman procrastination scale(TPS) and the big five personality inventory short form(NEO-FFI).Results TPS score of the student was (48.51 ± 7.66).There were 89.4% students respectively had different level of procrastination behavior.There were no significant differences in university students by the gender(47.95 ±7.84 vs 48.95 ± 7.43 ) ,whether one-child students(48.64 ± 7.49 vs 48.45 ± 7.81 ) and grades.There were significant positive correlation between procrastination and the personality factor of neuroticism( r=0.235, P＜0.01 ) and significant negative correlation with extraversion ( r=-0.180, P ＜ 0.01 ) and conscientiousness ( r =-0.198, P ＜ 0.01 ).The big five personality factors of neuroticism,extraversion and conscientiousness could explain the 14.0% variation of procrastination of university students.Conclusion Procrastination is a very common phenomenon in the university students.The students with higher neuroticism, lower extraversion and conscientiousness of big five personality have more procrastination behavior.     

大学生拖延行为与大五人格的关系研究

Objective To study the relationship of the university students' procrastination and big five personality factors.Methods 461 university students were assessed by the simple edition of tuckman procrastination scale(TPS) and the big five personality inventory short form(NEO-FFI).Results TPS score of the student was (48.51 ± 7.66).There were 89.4% students respectively had different level of procrastination behavior.There were no significant differences in university students by the gender(47.95 ±7.84 vs 48.95 ± 7.43 ) ,whether one-child students(48.64 ± 7.49 vs 48.45 ± 7.81 ) and grades.There were significant positive correlation between procrastination and the personality factor of neuroticism( r=0.235, P＜0.01 ) and significant negative correlation with extraversion ( r=-0.180, P ＜ 0.01 ) and conscientiousness ( r =-0.198, P ＜ 0.01 ).The big five personality factors of neuroticism,extraversion and conscientiousness could explain the 14.0% variation of procrastination of university students.Conclusion Procrastination is a very common phenomenon in the university students.The students with higher neuroticism, lower extraversion and conscientiousness of big five personality have more procrastination behavior.     

中国新兵心理弹性特点及影响因素分析

目的 了解中国部队新兵的心理弹性特点及其影响因素,为部队新兵的心理健康教育和训练提供科学依据.方法 新兵到达部队两周内,采用成人心理弹性量表(RSA)、症状自评量表(SCL-90)、艾森克人格问卷(EpQ)、情绪调节方式问卷(ERS)和一般自我效能感量表(GSES)对中国大陆范围内来自不同地区的2459名新兵进行调查.结果 ①中国新兵心理弹性状况较好[RSA总均分为(2.94±0.47)分];女新兵RSA总分[(101.76±14.06)分]显著高于男新兵[(96.65±15.62)分,(t=4.13,P＜0.01)];大专及以上文化程度的新兵在RSA总分上显著高于初中及高中文化程度的新兵(P＜0.01);独生子女与非独生子女新兵在RSA总分上无显著差异,仅在RSA组成因子的社会能力(t=2.23,P=0.026)、社会资源(t=2.44,P=0.015)和计划风格(t=2.34,P=0.020)上存在差异.②RSA高分组在性格的内外向(Z=19.13,P=0.000)和情绪的宣泄调节(Z=8.67,P=0.000)及自我效能(Z=19.48,P=0.000)的得分上均显著高于RSA低分组,而在SCL-90(Z=16.28,P=0.000)、神经质(Z=18.14,P=0.000)和情绪的抑制调节因子(Z=3.68,P=0.000)的得分均显著低于RSA低分组.③中国新兵的心理弹性与内外向、宣泄调节和自我效能有显著的正相关,与抑制调节及神经质有显著的负相关.进一步回归分析发现,内外向、神经质、宣泄调节、抑制调节及自我效能对心理弹性有显著的预测力,能解释其变异的41%.结论 中国新兵心理弹性状况较好.情绪调节方式(宣泄调节/抑制调节)、内外向、神经质及自我效能感是中国新兵心理弹性重要的影响因素.     

2406名农村初中生心理健康影响因素的分析

Objective To find out the factors that influence the mental health of the rural junior middle school students (JMSS).Methods 2406 JMSS in rural areas in Hunan province were assessed,using self-designed Demographic Data Recording Form, Adolescent Self-Rating Life Events Check List, Scale of APGAR, Perceived Social Support Scale,Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire,Eysenck Personality Questionnaire,Self-Esteem Scale and Scale of Mental Health.Results There were no significant difference between JMSS with different gender(P = 0.509 ), family income (P = 0.267 ), occupation of their fathers (P = 0.473 ), occupation of their mothers (P=0.105 ), education background of their mothers (P = 0.266 ).There were statistically significant difference between JMSS of different age (P = 0.000 ), grade (P = 0.000 ), whether their parents going out to work (P = 0.000 ),whether their parents divorced(P = 0.001 ) and education background of their fathers (P = 0.000 ); whether their parents going out to work (r = 0.095 ), life events (r = 0.522 ), family care (r =-0.146 ), the perceived social support (r =-0.186 ), positive coping style (r =-0.020 ), negative coping style (r = 0.369 ) and psychoticism (r = 0.322 ),internal and external(r =-0.132), emotional stability (r = 0.555 ), lie (r =-0.293 ) and self-esteem (r =-0.329)were significantly corrected with psychological health( P ＜ 0.01 ).Except age, grade, whether their parents going out to work and the education background and occupation of their parents,the remaining variables entered the regression equation,which could explained 51.2% of changes of the psychological health(F=227.809, P=0.000).Conclusion In order to promote the development of J MSS mental health, we can give then more care to reduce negative life events in their life,guide them to culture health personality and use active coping styles when encounter difficulties and setbacks through a series of health education, promote the healthy development of their personality.     

2406名农村初中生心理健康影响因素的分析

Objective To find out the factors that influence the mental health of the rural junior middle school students (JMSS).Methods 2406 JMSS in rural areas in Hunan province were assessed,using self-designed Demographic Data Recording Form, Adolescent Self-Rating Life Events Check List, Scale of APGAR, Perceived Social Support Scale,Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire,Eysenck Personality Questionnaire,Self-Esteem Scale and Scale of Mental Health.Results There were no significant difference between JMSS with different gender(P = 0.509 ), family income (P = 0.267 ), occupation of their fathers (P = 0.473 ), occupation of their mothers (P=0.105 ), education background of their mothers (P = 0.266 ).There were statistically significant difference between JMSS of different age (P = 0.000 ), grade (P = 0.000 ), whether their parents going out to work (P = 0.000 ),whether their parents divorced(P = 0.001 ) and education background of their fathers (P = 0.000 ); whether their parents going out to work (r = 0.095 ), life events (r = 0.522 ), family care (r =-0.146 ), the perceived social support (r =-0.186 ), positive coping style (r =-0.020 ), negative coping style (r = 0.369 ) and psychoticism (r = 0.322 ),internal and external(r =-0.132), emotional stability (r = 0.555 ), lie (r =-0.293 ) and self-esteem (r =-0.329)were significantly corrected with psychological health( P ＜ 0.01 ).Except age, grade, whether their parents going out to work and the education background and occupation of their parents,the remaining variables entered the regression equation,which could explained 51.2% of changes of the psychological health(F=227.809, P=0.000).Conclusion In order to promote the development of J MSS mental health, we can give then more care to reduce negative life events in their life,guide them to culture health personality and use active coping styles when encounter difficulties and setbacks through a series of health education, promote the healthy development of their personality.     

依恋、社会支持、应对方式在生活事件影响心理健康的中介作用

Objective To study the effect of attachment, coping style and social support on mental health in technical school students.Methods 372 technical school students were assessed by ECR(Experiences in Close Relationship's Inventory) ,Symptom Check Scale List-90 (SCL-90) and Coping Style Scale For Secondary School Students( CSS), Adolescent Self-Rating Life Events Checklist ( ASLEC), Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS).Results ( 1 ) Life events had significant correlations with all indexes score of attachment anxiety ( r =0.293 ～ 0.356, P ＜0.01 ) ,the scale of coping style focus on emotion and the total score of SCL-90 ( r = 0.259 ～0.509, P＜0.01 ) ,and the total score of perceived social support had significant correlations with the total score of SCL-90 ( r =-0.238, P ＜ 0.01 ).( 2 ) Structural equation analysis ( model fit: χ2 = 540.593, RMSEA = 0.114,NFI = 0.864 ,CFI =0.884, P ＜ 0.01 ) showed that life events affect on mental health through the mediation effects of coping style focus on emotion, attachment anxiety and the perceived social support and coping style focus on emotion had most mediating effect on mental health ( mediation effect = 33.2% ).Conclusion Life events had both direct effect and indirect effect through coping style focus on emotion, attachment anxiety and the Perceived Social Support on mental health.     

创伤康复期患者应激障碍与心理弹性的相关研究

目的 调查创伤康复期患者创伤后应激障碍(post traumatic stress disorder,PTSD)发生率、心理健康水平与心理弹性的关系.方法 采用创伤后应激障碍症状清单-平民版(PTSD checklist-civilian version, PCL-C)、成人心理弹性量表(resilience scale for adults,RSA)、症状自评量表(symptom checklist 90,SCL-90)、艾森克人格问卷(eysenck personality questionnaire, EPQ)、应对方式问卷对重庆市3所三甲医院康复科2008年12月至2010年3月158名的创伤康复期患者进行问卷调查.以PTSD总分38分划界,将患者分为PTSD阳性组和阴性组.结果 ①创伤康复期患者PTSD总分≥38分比例为34.18%,PTSD阳性组和阴性组在心理弹性(t=-4.744,P=0.000)、人格的神经质(t=3.549,P=0.001)及应对方式的合理化(t=2.502,P=0.013)方面差异有显著性.②创伤康复期患者SCL-90量表中躯体化、抑郁、焦虑、恐惧、偏执和精神性因子分均显著高于全国常模(P<0.05),SCL-90阳性组在心理弹性的自我认知和未来计划上得分显著低于阴性组(P<0.05),在EPQ的神经质因子得分显著高于阴性组(P<0.01),在应对方式上的自责、幻想、退避、合理化因子得分显著高于阴性组(P<0.05).③PTSD总分与RSA总分显著负相关,与SCL-90总分、神经质和合理化应对方式3个因素显著正相关(r值分别为:-0.343、0.390、0.362和0.170),SCL-90总分和RSA总分共能解释PTSD总分的28.8%.结论 创伤康复期患者创伤后应激障碍发生率较高,低心理弹性、低心理健康水平是PTSD的重要预测因素.     

依恋、社会支持、应对方式在生活事件影响心理健康的中介作用

Objective To study the effect of attachment, coping style and social support on mental health in technical school students.Methods 372 technical school students were assessed by ECR(Experiences in Close Relationship's Inventory) ,Symptom Check Scale List-90 (SCL-90) and Coping Style Scale For Secondary School Students( CSS), Adolescent Self-Rating Life Events Checklist ( ASLEC), Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS).Results ( 1 ) Life events had significant correlations with all indexes score of attachment anxiety ( r =0.293 ～ 0.356, P ＜0.01 ) ,the scale of coping style focus on emotion and the total score of SCL-90 ( r = 0.259 ～0.509, P＜0.01 ) ,and the total score of perceived social support had significant correlations with the total score of SCL-90 ( r =-0.238, P ＜ 0.01 ).( 2 ) Structural equation analysis ( model fit: χ2 = 540.593, RMSEA = 0.114,NFI = 0.864 ,CFI =0.884, P ＜ 0.01 ) showed that life events affect on mental health through the mediation effects of coping style focus on emotion, attachment anxiety and the perceived social support and coping style focus on emotion had most mediating effect on mental health ( mediation effect = 33.2% ).Conclusion Life events had both direct effect and indirect effect through coping style focus on emotion, attachment anxiety and the Perceived Social Support on mental health.     

大学生心理弹性及其影响因素分析

目的研究大学生心理弹性及其影响因素。方法采用成人心理弹性量表(resilience scale for adults,RSA)、青少年生活事件量表、症状自评量表(Symptom Checklist90,SCL-90)、艾森克人格问卷(Eysenck Personality Ques-tionnaire,EPQ)以及社会支持量表对某大学2085名学生进行整群抽样调查。结果大学生的心理弹性水平较高(M=2.76,SD=0.41);男女生在自我认知(t=2.466,P=0.014)和未来计划(t=3.977,P=0.000)两个因子上存在显著性差异;贫困和非贫困的学生在社会支持因子上存在显著性差异(t=-2.073,P=0.038)。②大学生的心理弹性与社会支持、外向性存在显著的正相关(r=0.394,0.459),与神经质、生活事件、SCL-90总分存在显著的负相关(r=-0.270,-0.170,-0.153)。③外向性、社会支持、神经质及生活事件能显著地预测心理弹性,解释率达29.9%。结论大学生心理弹性状况良好,心理弹性与社会支持、人格特点、生活事件密切相关,能较好地预测大学生的心理健康状况。     

妇科癌症患者心理弹性及影响因素的研究

目的研究妇科癌症患者心理弹性状况及影响因素,为妇科癌症患者的心理康复提供依据。方法采用心理弹性量表(connor-davidson resilience scale,CD-RISC)、症状自评量表(symptom checklist 90,SCL-90)、艾森克人格问卷(Eysenck personality questionnaire,EPQ)、应对方式问卷对181例三甲医院的妇科癌症患者进行问卷调查。结果①妇科癌症患者心理弹性总分为60.09±19.38;坚韧性得分30.23±10.65,力量得分20.11±6.40,乐观性得分9.75±3.53。②心理弹性高分组在外向性、合理化得分上显著高于心理弹性低分组(P=0.000,P=0.026),在神经质得分上显著低于心理弹性低分组(P=0.000)。③不同的医保状态下心理弹性有显著差异(P<0.01),心理弹性由高到低依次为商业保险>职工医保>新农合>无保险。④心理弹性随着文化程度有增高的趋势,在CD-RISC总分(P=0.029)、坚韧性(P=0.046)及力量因子(P=0.016)上,小学文化程度者的心理弹性显著低于大专文化程度者的心理弹性。⑤不同年龄患者心理弹性没有显著差异(P>0.05),但在力量因子上,40～49岁组得分显著低于≥50岁组(P=0.047)。⑥心理弹性与外向性人格、合理化应对方式正相关(r分别是0.377、0.172,P<0.05),与神经质及退避负相关(r分别是-0.267、-0.154,P<0.05)。结论妇科癌症患者心理弹性普遍较差,人格特征、应对方式、文化程度及医保类型是影响患者心理弹性的重要因素。     

心理弹性训练对水面舰艇军人作业疲劳心理应激和心理健康的影响

目的 研究心理弹性训练对水面舰艇军人作业疲劳、心理应激和心理健康的影响.方法 选取与团体辅导目标基本一致的舰艇部队军人100名,随机分成训练组(45人)和对照组(55人),训练组按抽签法分成2组(分别为22人和23人).训练组完成全部(为期10周次)团体训练者为39名(脱落6人),脱离率l3％;对照组为50名(脱落5人),脱离率10％.两组被试在训练前后分别采用成人心理弹性量表(RSA)、作业疲劳症状自评量表(WRFFQ)、心理应激自评问卷(PSET)和心理卫生症状自评量表(SCL90)进行心理评估.根据心理弹性理论及构成要素设计10次团体训练的内容,每周1次、每次2h,训练成员的自我意识、情绪管理、人际沟通、问题解决和社会支持等能力.训练前训练组与对照组在年龄、军龄、职务和文化程度,RSA总均分、WRFFQ总分、PSET标准分数和SCL-90总均分方面均差异无统计学意义(P ＞0.05).结果 ①与前测结果相比,训练组(n=39)后测RSA(2.90 ±0.47)得分显著提高,后测WRFFQ [(33.62±11.24)分]、PSET[(47.80±9.09)分]和SCL-90[( 1.14±0.09)分]得分显著降低(P＜0.05);对照组(n=50)后测RSA[(2.56±0.57)分]、WRFFQ[(42.38±17.76)分]、PSET[( 53.70±13.25)分]和SCL-90[( 1.43 ±0.45)分]得分差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);②与对照组后测结果相比,训练组后测RSA 得分显著提高,后测WRFFQ、PSET和SCL-90得分显著降低(P＜0.05).结论 心理弹性训练能有效提升水面舰艇军人的心理弹性,降低艇员自觉疲劳症状,提高其抗应激能力和心理健康水平.     

护理本科生社会适应与心理弹性、社会支持和应对方式的关系

目的 探讨护理本科生社会适应与心理弹性、社会支持、应对方式的关系.方法 采用分层整群随机抽样法,选取山东2所医学类高校的758名护理专业本科生,用中国大学生适应量表（CCSAS）、成人心理弹性量表（RSA）、社会支持评定量表（SSRS）、简易应对方式问卷（SCSQ）进行问卷调查,并用结构方程模型进行路径分析.结果 护理本科生社会适应与心理弹性、社会支持、积极应对方式均呈显著正相关（r=0.113～0.607,P＜0.01）,消极应对只与校园适应呈显著负相关（r=-0.117,P＜0.01）.通过路径分析显示,心理弹性、社会支持、积极应对对社会适应有直接预测作用（β=0.57,P＜0.05;β=0.26,P＜0.05;β=0.1,P＜0.05）,心理弹性、积极应对在社会支持和社会适应之间起中介作用（β=0.31,P＜0.05;β=0.05,P＜0.05）.结论 护理本科生的社会适应与心理弹性、社会支持和积极应对方式密切相关.     

1341名航空兵个性和应对方式研究

目的 探讨航空兵个性和应对方式,研究航空兵心理健康的影响因素.方法 对1341名航空兵进行症状自评量表(Symptom Checklist 90,SCL-90)、艾森克人格问卷(Eysenck Personality Questionaire,EPQ)和简易应对方式问卷(Simplified Coping Style ...     

大学生考试焦虑相关影响因素的路径分析

目的 探讨大学生社会支持、应对和个性对考试焦虑发生的作用大小和途径.方法 应用Sarason考试焦虑量表(TAS)、特质应对问卷、社会支持量表和艾森克人格问卷对552名大学生进行调查,并采用相关、回归和路径分析探讨各影响因素与考试焦虑的相关性及其对焦虑的作用大小和途径.结果 TAS得分在12～20分之间的占15.59%,分数大于20分的占7.78%;考试焦虑与社会支持总分、积极应对、及个性的外倾性成极显著或显著负相关,相关系数分别为-0.309,-0.269,-0.272,焦虑和消极应对、精神质、神经质成极显著或显著正相关,相关系数分别为0.144,0.275,0.298;多元逐步回归分析发现,影响考试焦虑的因素为神经质、外倾性、积极应对、社会支持总分;路径分析显示社会支持、积极应对、精神质、内外向和神经质均对考试焦虑的发生具有显著的直接作用,路径系数分别为-0.247,-0.278,0.194,-0.213,0.326,个性、应对又可以通过间接途径对焦虑的发生产生作用,社会支持既缓冲了个性、应对对焦虑发生的作用,同时对焦虑也有一定的直接缓解作用,路径系数为-0.247.结论 大学生考试焦虑的发生受多因素直接和间接的影响,应从多途径多环节进行预防和干预.     

大肠癌患者的归因风格与人格特征

目的为探索大肠癌归因风格与人格特征的关系,为心理干预提供理论依据。方法采用病例对照的研究方法,对45例大肠癌患者(研究组)及49例健康人(对照组)采用统一的心理学问卷:归因方式问卷(ASQ)、大五人格问卷简化版(NEO-FFI)进行测评。结果大肠癌组患者大五人格特征在神经质、宜人性、认真性得分明显高于对照组(P<0.05);大肠癌患者对正性事件的归因风格在普遍维度上与外倾性(r=-0.362,P<0.05)呈负相关,与宜人性呈负相关(r=-0.449,P<0.01);对负性事件的内外维度与开放性呈正相关(r=0.307,P<0.05),稳定维度与认真性呈负相关(r=-0.301,P<0.05);大肠癌组归因风格各维度与对照组相比:正性事件的内外维度t=2.874,P=0.005;稳定维度t=4.477,P=0.000;普遍维度t=4.461,P=0.000;总体得分t=5.181,P=0.000,以及负性事件的稳定维度t=4.706,P=0.000;总体得分t=3.283,P=0.000。结论大肠癌患者的归因风格倾向于内在归因,且受人格特征的影响;对正性事件的归因较负性事件受人格特征的影响更为明显。