颅外颈动脉瘤的诊断和治疗

探讨颅外颈动脉瘤的诊断和治疗方法。方法对１２例颅外颈动脉瘤的治疗进行回顾性总结。结果颈总脉瘤９例，颈内动脉瘤３例，均经手术治疗。其中动脉瘤切除，颈内动脉重建术１１例；动脉瘤包裹术１例。术中未用内转流。手术并发症１例，无手术死亡。     

胸主动脉真性动脉瘤的外科治疗

目的 总结胸主动脉真性动脉瘤的外科治疗经验. 方法 回顾性分析2007年7月至2009年8月云南省心血管病医院采用Bentall手术治疗25例胸主动脉瘤患者的临床资料,其中男16例,女9例;年龄26～65岁.单纯主动脉根部瘤9例,主动脉根部瘤合并升主动脉瘤6例,主动脉根部瘤合并升主动脉瘤累及主动脉弓10例. 结果 无手术死亡.术后发生并发症12例,包括心律失常、出现神经系统症状和二次开胸止血等,均经相应的治疗治愈.围术期无心肌梗死发生.随访24例,失访1例.随访时间6个月～1 5年,随访期间因心律失常死亡1例.术后6个月所有随访患者行64排双源螺旋CT复查显示:冠状动脉吻合口未见狭窄. 结论 采用外科手术治疗胸主动脉真性动脉瘤效果确切.     

先天性主动脉褶叠五例报告

先天性主动脉褶叠临床少见，作者收治５例。此病患者胸骨左缘和肩胛间区可闻及收缩期杂音，均有不同程度的右上肝血压，胸部Ｘ线片示左上纵隔影增宽。主动脉造影可见弓降部主动脉过长，褶叠和不同程度的瘤样扩张，其中１例瘤体破裂形成假性动脉瘤，３例合并弓部缩窄，１例俣并降主动脉始部缩窄，１例合并主动脉弓中断。４例在左心转流下置入人工血管，１例在深低温停循环下完成手术、术后均恢复良好，作者就该病的临床特点，解剖特征     

升主动脉瘤伴主动脉瓣关闭不全外科治疗25例

报告２５例升主动脉瘤伴主动脉瓣关闭不全的手术经验。方法１１例伴有主动脉夹层分离，其中ＤｅＢａｋｅｙⅠ型６例、Ⅱ型５例。施行Ｂｅｎｔａｌ手术１９例，分别置换主动脉瓣及升主动脉１例，升主动脉置换加主动脉瓣悬吊５例。结果因止血困难采用Ｃａｂｒｏｌ分流止血２例；术后１６小时延迟大出血１例；无早期死亡病例。远期因心内膜炎死亡２例；术后３０月发生胸降主动脉瘤１例；无假性动脉瘤发生。结论应根据升主动脉瘤的病变类型及范围采用不同的手术方式。准确的吻合技术、保留瘤壁的完整性，使升主动脉瘤的手术治疗更为安全。心内膜炎是Ｂｅｎｔａｌ手术后最主要的远期并发症，须引起高度重视     

腔内支架人工血管治疗主动脉弓部动脉瘤

目的 探讨腔内支架人工血管治疗主动脉弓部动脉瘤的基本方法。方法 采用国产腔内支架人工血管治疗主动脉弓部动脉瘤患者46例,其中主动脉瘤累及主动脉弓中部23例(50％),单纯累及弓降部22例(48％),累及胸降主动脉1例(2％)。选择支架直径是夹层破裂口或瘤口近端相应部位主动脉直径宽的1．15～1．20倍。支架近端直径34～38mm,长度90～120mm。支架材料为国产形状记忆镍钛合金。结果 支架释放成功45例(98％),无远端动脉并发症发生。支架释放后即刻封闭瘤口或破裂口43例(96％),早期内漏2例(4％)。夹层真腔全部恢复正常。急性期患者中转手术1例,死亡2例。术后43例患者获随访,随访时间1～23个月,远期内漏3例(7％),但所有随访患者均恢复正常生活。结论 腔内支架人工血管可用于主动脉弓部动脉瘤的治疗,其治疗的长期效果还需进一步观察。     

大脑后动脉瘤的显微手术治疗

目的：报道１２例大脑后动脉（ＰＣＡ）动脉瘤的显微手术治疗的效果。方法：１２例动脉瘤，其中ＰＩ（脚间池段）段２例，Ｐ２段７例、Ｐ３段２例，Ｐ４段１例，Ｐ１段动脉瘤经翼点入路手术，Ｐ２、Ｐ３段动脉瘤经颞下入路手术，ＰＣＡ动脉瘤的手术方法主要有夹闭瘤颈、夹闭动脉瘤近侧ＰＣＡ及孤立动脉瘤等。结果：术后死亡１例，效果较差２例，良好以上９例，结论：显微外科手术治疗大脑后动脉动脉瘤，手术较彻底，可避免术中损伤，手术并发症减少，可显著提高手术疗效。     

深低温停循环上腔静脉逆行灌注在主动脉瘤手术中的应用

１９９２．９－１９９３．７在深低温停循环连续上腔静脉逆行灌注下行升主动脉瘤及主动脉夹层动脉瘤手术１２例。病变侵及主动脉右弓，主动脉弓或弓降部。包括Ｂｅｎｔａｌｌ手术，高位右弓峡替换１０例；主动脉升，弓，降部替换，头臂动脉移植１例；大动脉炎，升主动脉全长狭窄行长补片成形术１例。病人全部存活。ＤＨＣＡ逆行灌注时间２７－８１ｍｉｎ，病人均于术后４小时内清醒，无神经系统并发症，测定入脑血和出脑血氧含量及乳     

动脉瘤192例外科治疗体会

总结我院１９８４－１９９７年治疗的动脉瘤１９２例临床经验，方法回顾性分析外科治疗周围动脉瘤１０６例和肾下脉主动脉８６例的手术方式和疗效。结果本组１７５例接受手术治疗，手术治愈率９１．４％，手术病列死率２．３％，其中腹主动脉瘤３例劲动脉瘤１例，手术并发症发生率６．３％，包括吻合口假性动脉瘤７例，肢体远端有缺血症状４例。     

瘤袋与右房搭桥吻合治疗升主动脉夹层动脉瘤术后出血

瘤袋与右房搭桥吻合治疗升主动脉夹层动脉瘤术后出血杨辰垣，蓝鸿钧，孙宗全，张凯伦，刘成硅升主动脉夹层动脉瘤切除手术后出血，用常规方法往往难以控制。１９９３年３月～１９９４年１２月我们采用Ｃａｂｒｏｌ手术方案连续为３例升主动脉夹层动脉瘤病人作了手术。其中...     

复杂主动脉病变的腔内治疗和杂交手术

目的：总结复杂主动脉病变腔内治疗和杂交手术的疗效和近中期结果。方法：回顾性分析2003年4月—2012年12月间收治的53例复杂主动脉病变患者的临床资料，其中男39例，女14例；年龄31~82岁，平均55岁；主动脉夹层35例，主动脉弓动脉瘤2例，腹主动脉瘤16例；其中5例合并髂动脉瘤。分别采用不同的腔内技术和/或杂交手术治疗。结果：全组患者手术技术成功率100%。术中即刻发生I型内漏8例，2例在其近端加一Cuff后内漏消失，其他患者未作特殊处理。随访1~72个月，平均20.2个月，无移植物移位及器官缺血。随访患者中无I型内漏发生，发生II型内漏2例，未行特殊处理，后自愈；无截瘫病例；1例高龄腹主动脉瘤患者术后1个月死于痰堵塞导致的窒息。结论：腔内治疗和杂交手术治疗复杂主动脉病变具有较好的近、中期疗效，远期疗效有待进一步评估。

     

Single-stage surgery for distal aortic arch aneurysm and infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm through anterolateral approach.

A 58-year-old man with a distal aortic arch aneurysm (DAA) associated with an infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) successfully underwent a single-stage replacement of the aneurysms. A left anterolateral thoracotomy was used for replacement of the DAA, which was performed using profound hypothermic circulatory arrest and continuous retrograde cerebral perfusion. An extraperitoneal approach in conjunction with a lateral abdominal incision was employed for replacement of the AAA. The combination of an anterolateral thoracotomy and a lateral abdominal incision is useful in combined surgery for DAA and AAA.     

Simple hypothermic retrograde cerebral perfusion during aortic arch replacement. A preliminary report on two successful cases.

We recently found that hypothermic retrograde cerebral perfusion can be performed by simply elevating the central venous pressure in Trendelenburg's position while the aortic arch is open. In this technique, with an occlusion balloon in the descending aorta, deep hypothermic perfusion of the lower half of the body is performed as oxygen-rich venous blood supplies the brain. Two successful cases are reported: one of dissecting aortic aneurysm, DeBakey type II, with a true aortic arch aneurysm, in a 53-year-old woman, and one of acute aortic dissection, DeBakey type I, in a 53-year-old man. With the brain under retrograde perfusion at a rectal temperature of 15 degrees C and a central venous pressure of 15 mm Hg, replacement of the ascending to the descending aorta in the former case and to the proximal aortic arch in the latter case was successful. Cerebral circulatory arrest times were 81 and 65 minutes, respectively. No neurologic deficit was found postoperatively. It is suggested that this simple technique protected the brain for a long period of cerebral circulatory arrest during the aortic arch operation by supplying it with oxygen and simplifying the operative procedure.     

A case of ruptured aortic arch aneurysm into the lung]

Successful surgical treatment of aortic arch aneurysm ruptured into the left lung was reported. The patient was a 74-year-old man suffering from recurrent hemoptysis. Computed tomography and aortic angiography demonstrated a giant aortic arch aneurysm. Emergency operation was performed. Arch reconstruction by a Dacron graft was performed with hypothermic circulatory arrest. The post operative course was uneventful and there was no evidence of cerebral complication. In the emergency operation for ruptured aortic arch aneurysm, hypothermic circulatory is very useful method for cerebral protection.     

Ruptured thoracic aortic aneurysm complicated by acute aortic dissection and aortic valve regurgitation; report of a case

An 87-year-old man was found loss of consciousness after falling. He was found in a state of shock. Computed tomography showed rupture of aneurysm of the ascending aorta and aortic arch with acute aortic dissection. Echocardiography revealed aortic valve regurgitation and cardiac tamponade. As the result of emergency operation, a large hematoma in the mediastinum and pleural cavity as well as massive serous pericardial effusion were found. The dissection was seen in aneurysm of the ascending aorta and aortic arch with an intimal tear located in the aortic arch. After aortic valve replacement was performed, the ascending aorta and aortic arch were replaced, and reconstruction of 3 cervical vessel branches was performed under deep hypothermic circulatory arrest with selective cerebral perfusion. Despite the complex clinical state and serious condition in the elderly patient, emergency surgery saved the life of the patient without complications.     

A successful case of simultaneous operation of aortic arch aneurysm and left lung cancer

We report a simultaneous operated case of a 73-year-old man with aortic arch aneurysm and squamous cell carcinoma of the lung. Via median sternotomy, aneurysmectomy and graft replacement was performed under hypothermic circulatory arrest and selective brain perfusion. After changing the position, left upper lobectomy with lymph node dissection was performed via left posterolateral thoracotomy. In spite of using cardiopulmonary bypass, hemostasis was easy, and there was no complication through intra-operative to post-operative course. The cases of simultaneous operation of thoracic aortic aneurysm and lung cancer are rare, and only 3 cases have been reported in Japan. Under careful selection of the patients, simultaneous operations can be performed safely.     

Surgery for distal aortic arch aneurysm with a patent left internal mammary-to-coronary artery graft; report of a case

We report a case of 62-year-old male who suffered from a distal aortic arch aneurysm developed 5 years after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Preoperative angiography revealed a distal arch aneurysm and a patent left internal mammary artery (LIMA) graft. Graft replacement of the total aortic arch was performed using a 4 branched graft. After the re-median sternotomy, cardiopulmonary bypass was established with ascending aortic perfusion and right atrium (RA) drainage. Myocardial protection was achieved with root cold blood cardioplegia and LIMA continuous cold blood perfusion. Distal anastomosis was performed under selective cerebral perfusion and during deep hypothermic circulatory arrest. Postoperative course was satisfactory and the patient was discharged without complications.     

Use of profound hypothermia and circulatory arrest in complex intra-cardiac repair in adults

Profound hypothermia and circulatory arrest is a well worked out technique for total repair of congenital defects in infants. Recently, it has been popularized for the repair of aneurysms of the transverse aortic arch. We have applied this technique of profound hypothermia and circulatory arrest in three other adult patients in whom conventional techniques would not allow safe and adequate complete repair of acquired intra-cardiac defects. The first patient, a 76-year-old female, had a large chronic ascending aortic aneurysm involving the aortic valve, as well as the innominate and left common carotid arteries. Resuspension of the aortic valve, resection of the ascending aneurysm, and reconstruction of the ascending and transverse aorta were performed under profound circulatory arrest. In addition, multi-dose hypothermic blood K+ cardioplegia was utilized to protect the myocardium. The second patient underwent valve replacement during a period of circulatory arrest because of extensive calcification of the entire ascending aorta and transverse aortic arch. Arrest time was 56 minutes. The third patient was a 54-year-old female and had a large patent ductus arteriosus with a 3:1 left-to-right shunt as well as significant aortic and mitral valve disease. The ductus was closed through an incision in the pulmonary artery during a 13-minute period of profound hypothermia and circulatory arrest. Aortic valve replacement and mitral repair were also performed at the same time, utilizing conventional techniques. All three patients recovered uneventfully with no evidence of any significant neurologic defect. Long-term follow-up has shown improvement in functional classification in all patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Bentall术联合全弓置换及支架象鼻手术治疗危重Debakey Ⅰ型主动脉夹层动脉瘤

目的 总结Bentall术同期全弓置换加支架象鼻手术治疗危重Debakey I型主动脉夹层动脉瘤的经验.方法 2005年1月至2007年12月共12例危重Debakey I型主动脉夹层动脉瘤患者接受手术治疗.男性10例,女性2例,平均年龄(40.1±9.5)岁.急性夹层10例,慢性2例.主动脉根部内径平均(5.3±1.8)cm.包括马方综合征4例,主动脉瓣关闭不全12例,持续剧烈胸痛9例,急性左心功能不全8例,心包填塞4例.患者在深低温停循环、低流量选择性脑灌注下行Bentall术+全弓替换+支架象鼻手术.结果 急诊手术9例,从发病到手术完成的时间(41.0±15.9)h.全组心肺转流时间(191±26)min,主动脉阻断时间(134±31)min,深低温停循环时间(50.0±14.5)min.术后死亡1例;出现神志异常6例,偏瘫、偏盲1例,截肢1例,出血二次开胸止血1例,消化道出血1例,胸腔积液2例.11例随访8周～36个月,人工血管通畅无扭曲,支架位置及形态正常,无二次手术病例,1例患者于术后6个月死亡.结论 在充分的器官保护和完善的心肺转流下,Bentall术+全弓置换+支架象鼻手术治疗危重Debakey I型主动脉夹层动脉瘤安全有效.     

Simultaneous Operations for Combined Thoracic and Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms

Purpose. To assess whether simultaneous operations are appropriate for combined thoracic and abdominal aortic aneurysms.Methods. Simultaneous operations were performed for combined thoracic and abdominal aortic aneurysms in nine patients. The thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) was repaired first, followed by repair of the abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). Selective cerebral perfusion was used in eight patients, after the exception of one who underwent replacement of the ascending aorta under hypothermic circulatory arrest. The abdominal organs were perfused during distal anastomosis in surgery for Stanford type A aortic dissection or aortic arch aneurysm; via the femoral artery with an aortic balloon occlusion catheter in one patient, and via an occlusion catheter with a perfusion lumen in two patients.Results. All patients underwent planned simultaneous repair of the AAA. One of the patients who underwent simultaneous replacement of both the descending thoracic and abdominal aorta was left with paraplegia, and one patient died suddenly of massive hemoptysis and melena on the 29th postoperative day. Autopsy revealed that the bleeding had been caused by aorto-broncho-esophageal fistulae. The overall operative mortality was 11%.Conclusions. Simultaneous repair of combined TAA and AAA can be safely performed; however, the risk of paraplegia should be considered, especially with simultaneous repair of concomitant aneurysms of the descending thoracic and abdominal aorta.     

Surgical treatment of an aneurysm of the aberrant right subclavian artery involving an aortic arch aneurysm and coronary artery disease.

A 55-year-old man presented with clinical signs of an aortic arch aneurysm. Angiography, MRI and CT demonstrated an aortic arch aneurysm and an aneurysm of the aberrant right subclavian artery. Coronary angiography revealed 95% stenosis in the right coronary artery. Right common carotid artery-right subclavian artery bypass, arch graft replacement and coronary artery bypass grafting were performed successfully. The use of internal shunt tube, hypothermic circulatory arrest and selective cerebral perfusion were useful methods in prevention of cerebral ischemia during surgical reconstruction of the aortic arch. To our knowledge, this is the first report in the literature of a successfully managed case with an aneurysm of an aberrant right subclavian artery involving an aortic arch aneurysm and coronary artery disease.