霍山石斛及相似种的位点特异性PCR鉴别

目的设计出霍山石斛的位点特异性鉴别引物,仅通过PCR就能对霍山石斛的真伪进行准确鉴别。方法利用石斛属植物基因库中rDNA ITS序列数据库进行同源性比较,在与霍山石斛差异较大的区段设计1对特异性引物,然后对19份石斛属植物DNA模板进行PCR扩增,阳性者即为霍山石斛正品。结果发现在退火温度为60℃时,该引物能把霍山石斛的模板从19份石斛属植物中扩增出来,而其他的石斛属植物均为阴性。结论运用位点特异性鉴别引物成功地对霍山石斛进行PCR鉴别,该鉴别反应重现性好,能在霍山石斛鉴别时发挥重要的作用,与形态学、DNA测序等鉴别方法相比,该方法具有高效、准确、简便、省时等优点。     

鼓槌石斛特异性PCR分子鉴定

目的 研究能够特异性鉴别鼓槌石斛的PCR引物,并优化PCR检测体系,确立一种快速、准确鉴别鼓槌石斛的方法。方法 从GenBank数据库中下载石斛属rDNA ITS序列170余条,运用MEGA 5.0对所有序列进行同源性比较,找出各变异位点,在非保守区设计1对特异性引物。对35份石斛属植物DNA模板进行特异性引物PCR扩增,显示阳性者为鼓槌石斛。结果 将退火温度升至58 ℃时,鼓槌石斛能被该引物特异性地扩增出来,而其他石斛属植物均为阴性,且该引物的灵敏度可达到0.69 ng/μL。结论 建立一种特异性鉴别鼓槌石斛的方法,运用该特异性引物可实现从同源物种中快速、准确地鉴定出鼓槌石斛,具有特异性好,操作简便、高效、准确等优点。     

中金钗石斛相关序列扩增多态性反应体系的正交优化研究药大质量观及实践

目的 建立金钗石斛Dendrobium nobile相关序列扩增多态性 (SRAP) 反应体系,为金钗石斛分子生物学研究提供技术支持。方法 运用 L25(56) 正交设计对影响金钗石斛 SRAP 反应的5个因素：模板 DNA、Mg2+、dNTPs、Taq 酶、引物在5个水平上进行优化试验,对 PCR 结果进行极差分析。结果 金钗石斛 SRAP 反应最佳体系为：25 μL PCR 体系中含有 20 ng 模板 DNA,2.0 mmol/L Mg2+,0.2 mmol/L dNTPs, 1 U Taq 酶,0.6 μmol/L 引物。各因素对 SRAP 反应的影响依次为：〖WTBX〗Taq 酶＞Mg2+＞dNTPs＞模板 DNA＞引物。结论 所建立的金钗石斛 SRAP 反应体系具有标记位点清晰、多态性丰富、稳定性好等特点,可用于金钗石斛分子生物学的研究。     

金钗石斛遗传多样性研究的ISSR-PCR反应体系建立与优化

目的：对影响金钗石斛ISSR-PCR扩增效果的一些因素进行优化,为进一步研究其遗传多样性奠定基础。方法：通过筛选引物并设定影响金钗石斛ISSR反应诸因子的不同浓度,检测ISSR不同反应体系的扩增效果;通过分析非特异性条带的产生原因并进行条件优化,建立金钗石斛ISSR稳定可靠的反应体系。结果：金钗石斛较适宜的ISSR-PCR反应条件为：10 lμPCR反应体系,含5～15 ng模板DNA、2.0 mmol/L Mg^2＋、0.20 mmol/L dNTP、0.6～0.75 U Taq DNA聚合酶、1.0μmol/L引物。较适宜的退火温度为46～62℃。结论：Taq酶质量、DNA模板品质、退火温度等对ISSR反应结果具有较大影响。所建立的金钗石斛ISSR反应体系具有标记位点清晰、反应系统稳定、检测多态性能力较强、重复性好等特点,可用于金钗石斛的遗传多样性研究。     

ISSR-PCR在石斛种间鉴别中的应用

目的 采用ISSR-PCR方法对石斛属9种植物进行鉴别,探讨不同种石斛在DNA分子水平上的差异。方法 选取10条由SSR组成的引物,对9种石斛进行PCR扩增及琼脂糖凝胶电泳分析。结果 10条引物中有7条扩增出多态性条带。每条引物可检测的多态性位点最少7个,最多14个,扩增片段大小为220-1260 bp。其中,引物UBC-807和UBC-864具有较高的多态性条带比率,均可以独立将所有被测种区分开来。结论ISSR-PCR作为一种简便、可靠的分子标记鉴定技术,可以作为石斛属种间鉴别的方法之一。     

金钗石斛及其相似种RAPD优化和DNA多态性分析

目的:以金钗石斛为材料,建立石斛的RAPD优化条件,应用于石斛相似种的DNA多态性分析.方法:分别设置模板DNA,Mg2 ,Taq DNA聚合酶,dNTPs,引物的浓度梯度,优化RAPD反应体系.结果:在25 μl总反应体系中,以上反应物的用量分别为100 ng,3.0 mmol/L,1.0 U,0.2 mmol/L,0.4 μmol/L时所获得的石斛属DNA指纹图谱谱带型清晰、重复性好.其中用S48 扩增的DNA指纹图谱具有更大的相似性,适合于石斛真伪鉴别;而S90 扩增的片段具有明显的多态性,适合于石斛遗传分化研究.结论:优化后的RAPD方法可作为研究石斛属植物的遗传多样性及真伪鉴别的有效方法.     

广地龙特异性引物序列的设计及其混伪品的鉴别

目的?通过设计特异性引物来鉴定广地龙及其混伪品。方法?提取广地龙及其混伪品的DNA。利用通用引物COⅠ序列对广地龙及其混伪品进行PCR扩增,并对扩增产物进行双向测序。通过比对广地龙及其混伪品的COⅠ序列,找出广地龙的变异位点,设计出广地龙的特异性引物,用于广地龙及其混伪品的鉴定。对PCR反应条件退火温度、循环次数、DNA模板量和Taq酶用量进行适应性考察。结果?COⅠ序列不存在特异性,不同物种、不同品种的动物药均可扩增出750?bp大小的片段,无法鉴定广地龙及其混伪品。通过比对广地龙及其混伪品的COⅠ序列,设计出广地龙的特异性引物PA-f/PA-r。在建立的PCR反应体系中,只有广地龙可以获得574?bp的基因片段,其他混伪品未扩增出相应条带。结论?设计的广地龙特异性引物可以准确、成功鉴别广地龙,与其他混伪品区分,为广地龙的品种鉴别提供了有效的方法。      

菊花和野菊花位点特异性聚合酶链式反应的鉴别研究

目的:研究菊花和野菊花药材的DNA分子鉴别方法。方法:提取菊花和野菊花样品的总DNA,利用Gen Bank数据库中菊花和野菊花的trn L-trn F序列,使用Bio Edit软件进行序列比对,找出具有稳定差异的变异位点,根据变异位点利用Primer premier 5软件设计菊花特异性鉴别引物,并对位点特异性聚合酶链式反应(polymerase chain reaction,PCR)方法进行条件优化。结果:用菊花特异性鉴别引物对所有样品进行PCR扩增,可以将菊花和野菊花予以区分。结论:通过位点特异性PCR的方法初步实现了菊花和野菊花药材快速、准确的鉴别。     

AS-PCR法鉴别炮制辅料鳖血和常见掺伪品的研究

目的 建立一种炮制辅料鳖血等位基因特异性PCR(AS-PCR)鉴别方法,快速、准确地鉴别鳖血与其它常见动物血液。方法 通过比较鳖血基原中华鳖和驴、牛、羊、鸡、猪、兔为代表的常见动物的COⅠ序列差异,根据SNP位点设计鳖血特异性鉴别引物,优化PCR反应体系,并进行耐受性、适用性、掺伪灵敏度考察验证。结果 实验条件为退火温度62℃、循环次数29次、引物用量0.2μL、DNA模板浓度100 ng时,鳖血使用设计的ZHB286引物经PCR扩增和凝胶电泳后出现约286 bp的明亮条带,其他动物血液样品均无条带出现。结论 该AS-PCR鉴别方法具有高度特异性,能准确鉴别鳖血和其他常见动物血液,进而可用于鳖血与驴、牛、羊、鸡、猪、兔血掺伪鉴别,在血液类药材分子鉴定中具有广泛应用价值。     

HVP-18、HCMV及HSV多重PCR检测模板的建立方法及应用效果

目的探讨HVP-18、HCMV及HSV多重PCR检测模板的建立方法及应用效果。方法依据HVP-18、HCMV及HSV特异性非编码区保守序列设计三对引物,采用RT-PCR技术对引物进行特异性扩增,通过对单管多重PCR扩增的特异性、敏感性分析以及扩增条件的优化,建立含有三种引物序列的检测模板。结果含有多重引物的检测模板PCR反应体系可同时扩增出HVP-18、HCMV及HSV片段,灵敏度及特异度检测发现其能够对HVP-18、HCMV及HSV基因片段特异性扩增,分别扩增出182bp、206 bp、101 bp目的片段。结论采用多重PCR扩增技术能够建立具有高灵敏度及特异度的HVP-18、HCMV及HSV多重PCR检测模板,满足临床检测需要。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.