浙江省沿海地区居民碘营养状况分析

目的了解目前浙江省沿海地区居民的碘营养状况,全面评估浙江省沿海地区不同人群的碘营养水平。方法对纳入本次调查的居民的尿碘、水碘、盐碘情况进行调查,采用砷铈催化分光光度测定方法检测水碘、尿碘;硫代硫酸钠法测定盐碘。结果本次调查,浙江省沿海地区水碘浓度中位数为5.7μg/L,食用盐盐碘浓度中位数为27.0 mg/kg,沿海居民尿碘中位数为165.9μg/L,尿碘〈100μg/L的比率为24.8%,尿碘≥300μg/L的比率为18.8%,其中沿海城市、沿海农村居民尿碘中位数分别为156.4μg/L、180.3μg/L。结论浙江省沿海地区居民尿碘、盐碘总体水平处于推荐范围内,从总体上来说浙江省沿海居民碘营养水平处于较适宜水平。     

福建省沿海地区居民碘营养状况调查

目的 了解福建省沿海地区居民碘营养现状,为有效落实科学补碘防控策略提供依据.方法 2009年,在福建省6个设区市各选择1个区,每个区选择1个街道办事处,每个街道办事处选择1个居委会;选择11个县(市、区),每个县(市、区)选择1个乡(镇),每个乡(镇)选择1个村.每个居委会(村)选择30户居民户,检测饮用水水碘、盐碘,用3日称量法测算该户居民人均食盐摄人量;选择18～45岁成人20名,检测尿碘;每个街道(乡、镇)选择孕妇和哺乳期妇女各30名,选择8～10岁儿童50名,检测尿碘.结果 沿海城市、内陆城市、内陆农村、沿海农村、沿海山区农村分别调查153、30、94、183、62个居民户,盐碘中位数范围为28.4～30.8 mg/kg,沿海城市、内陆城市、内陆农村、山区农村碘盐覆盖率和合格碘盐食用率都在90％以上,沿海农村碘盐覆盖率和合格碘盐食用率分别为86.9％( 159/183)、83.6％( 153/183).沿海城市、沿海农村、内陆城市、内陆农村、沿海山区分别调查了258、300、110、160、101名8～ 10岁儿童,尿碘中位数分别为191.0、165.6、267.7、269.0、161.0μg/L;分别调查了101、123、118、63、41名成人,尿碘中位数分别为197.6、2034、174.7、302.8、154.9μg/L;分别调查了151、181、50、101、63名孕妇,尿碘中位数分别为156.5、141.7、116.2、163.0、126.2μg/L;分别调查了154、184、40、111、70名哺乳期妇女,尿碘中位数分别为130.3、118.8、110.9、154.6、175.9 μg/L.结论 沿海地区居民碘营养水平适宜,不存在碘过量的问题,沿海地区仍需供应碘盐;应高度关注孕妇的碘营养状况,并将这部分人群监测纳入常规监测范围.     

山东沿海地区居民糖尿病患病率及危险因素调查

目的调查山东沿海地区20岁以上居民2型糖尿病（DM）的患病情况及其危险因素。方法采用随机、分层、整群抽样的方法，调查青岛、烟台、威海、日照和东营常住居民5000人的DM患病情况。结果（1）DM的患病率为8．37％，按照2000年第五次全国人口普查资料进行年龄调整标化后，标化患病率为7．98％。糖调节受损（IGR）的患病率为10．5％，标化后为9．84％。（2）新诊断的DM有215例，占患病总人数的51．3％。（3）男性DM、IGR30岁以后的患病率随年龄的增加而明显增加（P〈0．01）；女性则在40岁以后随年龄增加而听显增加（P〈0．05～0．01）。（4）由正常糖耐量（NGT）、IFG、IGT至DM，年龄、BMI、腰臀比（WHR）、SBP、DBP、TG、TC、血尿酸（UA）和FPG、胰岛素（Ins）、HOMA-IR逐渐升高，且IFG、IGT、DM组均较NGT组显著升高（P均＜0．01），HDL-C显著降低（P〈0．01）；而UA在IGT组最高。（5）非条件logistic回归分析显示年龄、SBP、TG、TC、BMI、WHR为DM危险因子，HDL—C为保护因素。结论山东沿海居民DM的患病人群明显年轻化。高血压、脂代谢紊乱、中心性肥胖和增龄为糖代谢紊乱的危险因素。     

2009年青海省西宁市居民碘营养状况调查结果分析

自1995年实施全民食盐加碘后,我国在消除碘缺乏病,改善人群碘营养水平方面取得了很大的成就.为了解青海省西宁市消除碘缺乏病基本概况,作者于2009年采用概率抽样法对西宁市4区3县居民碘盐、学生尿碘进行检测,结果报道如下.     

浙江省沿海地区孕妇及哺乳期妇女碘营养状况调查

目的 了解浙江省沿海与内陆地区孕妇及哺乳期妇女碘营养状况,为指导浙江省孕妇、哺乳期妇女科学补碘提供依据.方法 2009年,采用整群抽样法在浙江省抽取13个县(区)作为调查点,其中沿海城市、沿海农村调查点各5个,内陆地区调查点3个.每个调查点抽取1街道(乡、镇),每个街道(乡、镇)中抽取1个居委会(行政村),每个居委会(村)中选择30名孕妇、30名哺乳期妇女、50名8～ 10岁学龄儿童,采集日间即时尿样检测尿碘;抽取30户家中食用盐盐样进行盐碘测定,同时采集饮用水水样进行水碘测定.水源数多于5个时,按东、西、南、北、中5个方位各随机采取一份水样;水源数少于5个时,采样份数同调查点水源数.结果 沿海城市、沿海农村、内陆地区抽样家庭的碘盐中位数分别为28.42、25.29、33.24 mg/kg,水碘中位数分别为5.41、11.52、2.80 μg/L.孕妇和哺乳期妇女尿碘中位数分别为148.72、161.34μg/L,均低于当地8～ 10岁学龄儿童的231.02 μg/L(Z值分别为8.57、8.24,P均＜0.017);各地区中,内陆地区孕妇尿碘中位数最高为211.42μg/L,沿海农村次之为150.51 μg/L,沿海城市最低为123.33μg/L(Z值分别为2.80、5.31、2.42,P均＜0.017),而内陆地区孕妇尿碘中位数(197.43 μg/L)高于沿海城市(139.64 μg/L,Z=4.03,P＜0.017).结论 浙江省哺乳期妇女碘营养水平总体处于适宜水平,沿海农村、内陆地区的孕妇碘营养也处于适宜水平,但沿海城市孕妇则在一定程度上存在碘营养水平不足的问题.     

2008年广西沿海地区碘缺乏病重点人群碘营养状况调查

目的 调查2008年广西沿海5个县(区)碘缺乏病重点人群碘营养状况,提出相应防治措施.方法 在广西碘盐监测中碘盐覆盖率、碘盐合格率和居民合格碘盐食用率一直处于全区低水平的北海市海城区、铁山港区、银海区、合浦县以及钦州市钦南区5个沿海县(区),采用随机抽样的方法,合浦县抽取6个乡(镇),其余县(区)各抽取3个乡(镇),每个乡(镇)抽取2个行政村,每个行政村抽取40名8～10岁学龄儿童及10名18～42岁育龄妇女(要求包括有半数比例的妊娠妇女和哺乳期妇女),用砷铈催化分光光度法(WS/T 107-2006)检测尿碘.结果 共采集8～10岁儿童尿样1437份,尿碘中位数为191.0μg/L,<20μg/L的比例为1.4%(20/1437),<50μg/L的比例为5.4%(77/1437),<100μg/L的比例为20.3%(292/1437);5个县(区)儿童尿碘中位数为134.5～220.0μg/L,其中海城区、合浦县儿童尿碘中位数>200 μg/L(分别为220.0、209.5μg/L),其他3个县(区)儿童尿碘中位数均在100～200μg/L适宜范围内(分别为134.5、162.4、199.3μg/L);8、9岁组儿童尿碘中位数(192.3、206.7μg/L)均高于10岁组(157.2μg/L,χ2值分别为19.644、41.997,P均<0.017).共采集妇女尿样365份,5个县(区)妇女尿碘中位数为88.2～195.6μg/L,其中海城区和合浦县妇女尿碘中位数>150 μg/L(分别为195.6、156.5μg/L),铁山港区妇女尿碘中位数最低(88.2μg/L)且<100μg/L;在妊娠妇女、哺乳期妇女、育龄妇女中,育龄妇女尿碘中位数最高,为152.6μg/L,哺乳期妇女尿碘中位数为131.9μg/L,妊娠妇女尿碘中位数最低(89.4 μg/L)且<100μg/L,仅有6.7%(2/30)的妊娠妇女尿碘水平处于150～250μg/L适宜范围.结论 广西沿海5个县(区)8～10岁儿童碘营养状况良好,育龄妇女和哺乳期妇女尿碘水平在碘营养适宜范围内,妊娠妇女整体上未达碘营养适宜水平.建议将妊娠妇女碘营养监测纳入常规监测,进一步落实碘盐防治措施,加强健康教育宣传,提高碘盐覆盖率.     

沿海地区人群碘营养状况调查

目的了解沿海碘盐普及情况不同的地区,人群尤其是孕妇、哺乳妇女等重点人群的碘营养状况.方法选取地处沿海的辽宁省大洼县、福建省福清县及福建省内陆的平和县,调查学生和孕妇、哺乳妇女的碘营养状况.结果共测定2 400名学生和1185名孕妇家中的盐碘、尿碘及学生甲肿率.盐碘覆盖率大洼县达到99.4%,福清县与平和县均＜90%,分别为63.6%和83.9%.3县学生尿碘中位数均＞100μg/L.3县孕妇、哺乳妇女的尿碘水平显著低于学生,福清与平和县孕妇、哺乳妇女尿碘中位数＜150 μg/L.结论 3县学生人群的碘营养状况良好;孕妇、哺乳妇女的尿碘水平显著低于学生,仍有相当部分的孕妇和哺乳妇女尿碘低于适宜水平,需加以关注,建议今后加强对孕妇和哺乳妇女的碘营养监测.     

苏北沿海地区残存钉螺分布现状调查

目的 了解江苏省苏北沿海地区残存钉螺分布现状。方法 采用系统抽样和环境抽查相结合的方法进行现场查螺，查出钉螺用压碎法解剖，观察钉螺感染情况。结果 1998－2000年共查螺63075框，查出钉螺5521框，有螺框出现率为8．75％，活螺平均密度0．263只／框，未发现感染性钉螺。钉螺分布以西部地区沟渠、河道为主要孳生地，88．82％有螺钉环境钉螺面积在5000m^2以下，呈小块点状分布，灭螺质量差是残存钉螺的主要,其有螺条块占82．75％，有螺面积占77．19％。     

2008年广西沿海地区碘缺乏病重点人群碘营养状况调查

Objective To investigate the nutrition status of the focus groups of iodine deficiency in the 5 coastal counties(districts)in Guangxi in 2008 to propose corresponding prevention and control measures.Methods In the 5 coastal counties(districts)in Guangxi,including Haicheng,Tieshangang,Yinhai districts and Hepu county in Beihai city,Qinnan district in Qinzhou city,the rates of iodized salt coverage,qualified iodized salt and consumption of qualified iodized salt had always been below the average level of Guangxi.In the study,6 towns were randomly picked in Hepu district,and 3 towns were randomly picked in each of the other 4 coastal counties(districts).Two administrative viRages were randomly picked in each town.Forty children ages 8 to 10 and 10 women of child-beating age from 18 to 42 which included 5 pregnant and lactating women,were picked from each administrative village.Arsenic-cerium catalyzed spectrophotometry(WS/T 107-2006)Was used to determine the urinary iodine.Results In total,1437 urine samples of the children Were picked.The median of the children's urinary iodine Was 191.0μg/L,with 1.4%(20/1437)of the children's urinary iodine<20 μg/L,and 5.4%(77/1437)<50 μg/L, and 20.3%(292/1437) < 100 μg/L. The medians of the children's urinary iodine were 134.5 - 220.0 μg/L.In Haicheng and Hepu, the medians of the children's urinary iodine were higher than 200 μg/L(220.0,209.5 μg/L, respectively). The medians of the children's urinary iodine in the other 3 counties(districts) were within the suitable range between 100 and 200 μg/L(134.5,162.4,199.3 μg/L, respectively). The medians of the 8- and 9-year-old ehildren's urinary iodine (192.3,206.7 μg/L, respectively) were higher than that of the 10-year-old children's(157.2 μg/L, χ2 = 19.644,41.997, all P < 0.017). Totally, 365 urine samples of the women were picked.The medians of the women's urinary iodine in the 5 counties were 88.2 - 195.6 μg/L, with 195.6 μg/L in Haicheng and 156.5 μg/L in Hepu, and 88.2 μg/L in Tieshangang, which was the lowest and below 100 μg/L. The median of the childbearing-age women's urinary iodine was the highest(152.6 μg/L). The median of the lactating women's urinary iodine was the second (131.9 μg/L). The median of the pregnant women's urinary iodine was the lowest (89.4 μg/L) and below 100 μg/L. Only 6.7%(2/30) of the pregnant women's urinary iodine were within the suitable range between 150 and 250 μg,/L. Conclusions In the 5 coastal counties(districts) in Guangxi, 8 to 10-year-old children had good nutrition levels while childbearing-age and lactating women were within the suitable range. As a whole, the pregnant women had insufficient iodine nutrition. We propose that the iodine nutritional status of pregnant women is monitored routinely, with further prevention, control measures, health publicity and education necessary to improve iodized salt coverage.     

2008年广西沿海地区碘缺乏病重点人群碘营养状况调查

Objective To investigate the nutrition status of the focus groups of iodine deficiency in the 5 coastal counties(districts)in Guangxi in 2008 to propose corresponding prevention and control measures.Methods In the 5 coastal counties(districts)in Guangxi,including Haicheng,Tieshangang,Yinhai districts and Hepu county in Beihai city,Qinnan district in Qinzhou city,the rates of iodized salt coverage,qualified iodized salt and consumption of qualified iodized salt had always been below the average level of Guangxi.In the study,6 towns were randomly picked in Hepu district,and 3 towns were randomly picked in each of the other 4 coastal counties(districts).Two administrative viRages were randomly picked in each town.Forty children ages 8 to 10 and 10 women of child-beating age from 18 to 42 which included 5 pregnant and lactating women,were picked from each administrative village.Arsenic-cerium catalyzed spectrophotometry(WS/T 107-2006)Was used to determine the urinary iodine.Results In total,1437 urine samples of the children Were picked.The median of the children's urinary iodine Was 191.0μg/L,with 1.4%(20/1437)of the children's urinary iodine<20 μg/L,and 5.4%(77/1437)<50 μg/L, and 20.3%(292/1437) < 100 μg/L. The medians of the children's urinary iodine were 134.5 - 220.0 μg/L.In Haicheng and Hepu, the medians of the children's urinary iodine were higher than 200 μg/L(220.0,209.5 μg/L, respectively). The medians of the children's urinary iodine in the other 3 counties(districts) were within the suitable range between 100 and 200 μg/L(134.5,162.4,199.3 μg/L, respectively). The medians of the 8- and 9-year-old ehildren's urinary iodine (192.3,206.7 μg/L, respectively) were higher than that of the 10-year-old children's(157.2 μg/L, χ2 = 19.644,41.997, all P < 0.017). Totally, 365 urine samples of the women were picked.The medians of the women's urinary iodine in the 5 counties were 88.2 - 195.6 μg/L, with 195.6 μg/L in Haicheng and 156.5 μg/L in Hepu, and 88.2 μg/L in Tieshangang, which was the lowest and below 100 μg/L. The median of the childbearing-age women's urinary iodine was the highest(152.6 μg/L). The median of the lactating women's urinary iodine was the second (131.9 μg/L). The median of the pregnant women's urinary iodine was the lowest (89.4 μg/L) and below 100 μg/L. Only 6.7%(2/30) of the pregnant women's urinary iodine were within the suitable range between 150 and 250 μg,/L. Conclusions In the 5 coastal counties(districts) in Guangxi, 8 to 10-year-old children had good nutrition levels while childbearing-age and lactating women were within the suitable range. As a whole, the pregnant women had insufficient iodine nutrition. We propose that the iodine nutritional status of pregnant women is monitored routinely, with further prevention, control measures, health publicity and education necessary to improve iodized salt coverage.     

沿海产盐区碘缺乏病防治模式研究与应用

目的 探讨我国沿海产盐地区碘缺乏病防治策略和干预措施,以解决沿海产盐区严重干扰可持续消除碘缺乏病的非碘盐问题.方法 1995年开始在非碘盐问题较严重的沿海产盐区厦门市,针对不同区域、不同阶段、不同人群,系统地采取了普及碘盐与特需人群强化补碘相结合、碘盐配给与健康促进相结合、查堵私盐与盐田废转相结合、碘盐质量跟踪监测与碘盐加工工艺改进相结合等综合干预策略和措施.结果 1997年碘盐加工厂出厂碘盐合格率由1995年的89.50%迅速提升至96.17%,并在2000年以后保持在99.00%以上水平.销售点碘盐合格率由1996年的87.33%上升到1998年的96.33%,以后逐年上升,2003年后保持在99.00%以上.城市、郊区和农村的碘盐覆盖率由1995年的0.92%、0、0上升到2000年的100.00%、99.00%、89.00%,2001年后居民碘盐覆盖率保持在93.00%以上.1995年城市、郊区、农村儿童甲状腺肿大率为16.44%(228/1387)、20.57%(266/1293)、24.93%(651/2611),1996年以后儿童甲状腺肿大率逐年下降,城市、郊区、农村儿童甲状腺肿大率分别在1999、2001、2005年以后下降并控制在5.00%以下.1995年城市、郊区、农村儿童的尿碘中位数分别为137.50、102.12、94.66μg/L,从1997年起儿童的尿碘中位数已全部达到100.00 μg/L以上,以后均稳定在120.00 μg/L以上.2007年市区、郊区和农村儿童尿碘中位数分别达到271.10、240.40、198.10μg/L.1997年碘缺乏病防治知识知晓率为74.00%(444/600),2000年后全市小学生碘缺乏病知识知晓率保持在95.00%以上.结论 建立的沿海产盐区可持续消除碘缺乏病的工作模式是成功的,实施应用可行,干预技术行之有效,为非碘盐问题地区推行全民食用加碘食盐、实现可持续消除碘缺乏病提供了可借鉴的模式和经验.     

山东省碘缺乏地区重点人群碘营养调查

目的 了解山东省当前盐碘水平状态下,碘缺乏地区重点人群碘营养状况及防治措施落实情况,为今后防治工作提供依据.方法 2007年,在山东省碘缺乏地区选择山区的岱岳、蒙阴,平原的莒县、高密,沿海的招远,共5个县(市、区)作为调查地区,在每个县(市、区)选择1个乡(镇)作为调查点.采用触诊、B超法进行8～10岁儿童甲状腺检查,直接滴定法检测其家中食用盐含碘量;砷铈催化分光光度法检测8～10岁儿童、孕妇、哺乳期妇女、2岁内婴幼儿及20～45岁育龄妇女5种重点人群的尿碘水平.结果 共检查514例8～10岁儿童甲状腺,触诊甲状腺肿大率为1.8%(9/514),B超检查甲状腺肿大率为1.2%(6/514);共检测501份食用盐,盐碘均值为30.95 mg/kg,碘盐覆盖率为94.6%(474/501),合格碘盐食用率为90.4%(453/501);共检测1707份尿样,尿碘中位数为216.7μg/L,8～10岁儿童、孕妇、哺乳期妇女、2岁内婴幼儿及20～45岁育龄妇女尿碘中位数分别为234.0、165.5、162.4、257.5、233.0μg/L.结论 山东省碘缺乏地区重点人群碘营养水平处于适宜或较适宜状态.表明目前盐碘水平能够满足山东省不同碘缺乏地区人群对碘的需求.

Abstract：

Objective To learn the iodine nutritional status of the vulnerable population with different iodine level under the current level of iodized salt in Shandong province and to offer prevention and cure measures.Methods Five groups of vulnerable population including school children aged 8 - 10, pregnant, lactation women, infants and women of childbearing age from mountain areas ( Daiyue, Mengyin counties ) , plain ( Luxian,Gaomi counties ) and coastal (Zhaoyuan county ) of five different iodine deficient areas were investigated in 2007.The thyroids of children aged 8 - 10 were checked by palpation and B ultrasound, their edible salt iodine level was detected by direct titration. The lever of urinary iodine of vulnerable population was examined by arsenic and cerium speetrophotometry. Results The goiter rates of 8 - 10 year-old were 1.8%(9/514) and 1.2%(6/514), respectively by palpation and B-ultrasonic. The mean iodine of 501 edible salt samples was 30.95 mg/kg. The coverage rate of iodized salt was 94.6% (474/501). The rate of qualified iodized salt was 90.4% (453/501). The median of urinary iodine was 216.7 μg,/L. The urinary iodine of school children aged 8 - 10, pregnant, lactation women, infants and women of childbearing age were 234.0, 165.5, 162.4, 257.5, 233.0 μg/L, respectively. Conclusions Current iodine nutritional level is basically appropriate in all groups of vulnerable people. The current iodine content of iodized salt could meet the needs of population from different iodine deficient areas of Shandong province.     

沿海轻度缺碘地区供应碘盐后人群碘营养状况调查

目的了解沿海轻度缺碘地区人群供碘盐后碘营养状况，评价碘缺乏病防治效果。方法选择碘盐供应比较落实的吴川市黄坡镇为调查点，按5个方位随机抽查8～10岁在校儿童甲状腺肿大率(甲肿率)和尿碘，分层随机抽查部分成人尿碘、家庭食用盐情况。结果人群尿碘中位数为142．7μg/L，儿童尿碘中位数为171．5μg/L，成人男、女尿碘中位数分别为167．1和115．2μg/L；儿童甲肿率为2．58％，居民合格碘盐食用率为84．5％，水碘中位数为9．9μg/L。结论该地区人群的碘缺乏已得到纠正，碘营养处于理想状态，但居民合格碘盐食用率未达到国家消除碘缺乏病标准。     

2007-2008年内蒙古自治区碘缺乏病高危地区病情及碘营养现状调查

目的 了解内蒙古碘缺乏病高危地区是否存在新发地方性克汀病病例,掌握地方性甲状腺肿(简称甲肿)流行现况及综合防治措施落实情况,为制订碘缺乏病的防治策略提供依据.方法 2007-2008年,在内蒙古历史地克病流行严重的松山区、克什克腾旗、喀喇沁旗,扎赉特旗、卓资县,凉城县、清水河县、和林县、东胜区、准格尔旗、伊金霍洛旗等11个旗(县、区),对10岁以下儿童进行新发地克病病例搜索;每个旗(县、区)选择3～5个乡,每个乡选择3～5个村小学,每所小学选择120～200名8～10岁儿童,进行甲状腺检查、智商和尿碘检测;每个乡选择2个村,每个村选择30个居民户,检测家庭主妇尿碘及家中食用盐含碘量情况.结果 11个项目旗(县、区)共搜索出56例疑似新发地克病病例,无确诊病例.触诊法和B超法检查8～10岁甲状腺,甲肿率分别为5.2%(309/5922)、4.3%(252/5922);8～10岁儿童尿碘中位数为241.5μg/L,尿碘为100.0～300.0 μg/L占65.9%(3901/5920).其中9个项目旗(县、区)的尿碘中位数在200.0～300.0μg/L,尿碘<50.0μg/L所占的比例>5%的旗(县、区)为0,<100.0μg/L所占的比例>10%的有1个.家庭主妇的尿碘中位数为225.6μg/L,<50.0μg/L占2.2%(35/1597).<100.0 μg/L所占比例>10%的旗(县、区)有4个.调查的2109户居民中有97.45%(2055/2109)的存食用碘盐,有2.55%(54/2109)的居民食用无碘盐.结论 调查的11个项目旗(县、区)儿童甲肿率降至10%以下,未发现新发克汀病病例,防治成绩显著;儿童和育龄妇女碘营养水平基本适宜;碘盐覆盖率高、销售网络比较健全、价格合理、购买方便,食盐加碘为主消除碘缺乏病防治措施得到有效的落实,儿童的智力得到有效保护.碘缺乏病健康教育仍然是防治工作中的一个薄弱环节,亟待加强.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate new cases of endemic cretinism in high-risk areas of Inner Mongolia, the prevalence of endemic goiter, the implementation of comprehensive measures, and to provide scientific basis for developing control strategies against iodine deficiency disorders (IDD). Methods In 2007 and 2008, a search for new cretin cases was conducted among children under the age of 10 in 11 historical serious epidemic cretinism prevalent areas of Songshan district, Keshiketeng qi, Kalaqin qi, Zhalaite qi, Zhuozi county,Liangcheng county, Qingshuihe county, Helin county, Dongsheng district, Zhungeer qi and Yinjinhuoluo qi. Three to 5 towns were selected in each qi(county, district) and 3 to 5 village primary schools were selected in each town.One hundred and twenty to 200 children aged 8 to 10 were selected in each school to inspect thyroid by B ultrasound and palpation and to test intelligence and urinary iodine. Two villages were selected in each town and 30 households were selected to determine urinary iodine of housewives and salt iodine. Results A total of 56 cases of suspected cases of endemic cretinism were found from the 11 counties but no case was confirmed. The goiter rate of children aged 8 to 10 was 5.2% (309/5922) by palpation and 4.3% (252/5922) by B-ultrasound. The median urinary iodine of children aged 8 to 10 was 241.5 μg/L, and urinary iodine was 100 to 300 μg/L, accounted 65.9%(3901/5920). Median urinary iodine of the 9 Qis(counties, districts) was in the range of 200 and 300μg/L.Higher than 5% of the 11 Qis(counties, districts) with urinary iodine lower than 50 μg/L was zero. Higher than 10% of the 11 Qis(counties, districts) with urinary iodine lower than 100 μg/L was 1. The median urinary iodine of housewives was 225.6 μg/L, and lower than 50 μg/L accounted for 2.2%(35/1597). Higher than 10% of the 11 Qis(counties, districts) with urinary iodine lower than 100 μg/L was 4. A total of 2109 households were investigated and 97.45%(2055/2109) of them ate iodized salt and 2.55%(54/2109) of them ate non-iodized salt. Conclusions In the 11 investigated counties, goiter rate of children has decreased to less than 10%, and no new cretin was found. It could be concluded that the fulfillment of prevention and control of IDD is effective. The iodine nutrition of children and women of childbearing age is in an adequate level. The coverage rate of iodized salt has maintained at a higher level, the sales network is sound, the salt price is reasonable and salt is easy to get and the children's intelligence is protected effectively. But, the health education about IDD is still weak, need to be reinforced.     

消除碘缺乏病指标的初步探讨

目的探讨合格碘盐食用率达到90％作为消除碘缺乏病指标的合理性。方法在闽东南沿海漳浦县随机抽取30个行政村，每个村各抽查8-10岁学生40名共1200名甲状腺大小，对740名学生进行智力测验、尿碘测定和食用盐碘含量测定，并检查孕妇和育龄妇女尿碘水平。结果在居民合格碘盐食用率51．1％情况下，当地儿童甲状腺肿大率为4．9％，尿碘中位数为200.3μg/L，孕妇尿碘中位数为207．8μg/L，育龄妇女尿碘中位数为228．5μg/L。结论对沿海地区而言，合格碘盐食用率是否达到90％不应作为消除碘缺乏病目标的一项首要的指标。     

福建省厦门市沿海产盐区与非产盐区特需人群碘营养状况研究

目的 了解厦门市沿海产盐区和非产盐区碘特需人群碘营养状况,为采取针对性防治碘缺乏病措施提供依据.方法 2009年,在福建省厦门市选择沿海产盐区(翔安区)和非产盐区(集美区)为调查点,每个区采集出厂水1份和末梢水2份,检测水含碘量;选择600名8～ 10岁儿童,进行甲状腺触诊检查,并采集尿样及家中盐样,检测含碘量;选择孕妇、哺乳期妇女、0～2岁婴幼儿各60人,采集尿样、家中盐样,检测尿碘、盐含碘量.结果 翔安区、集美区水含碘量分别为3.1、6.05 μg/L,合格碘盐食用率分别为84.4％ (438/519)、98.3％ (392/399);8～10岁儿童甲状腺肿大率分别为3.03％(19/628)、0.67％(4/600),尿碘中位数分别为202.80、238.40 μg/L,＜50μg/L的比例分别为3.5％ (14/405)、1.0％(2/202);孕妇尿碘中位数分别为120.55、153.35μg/L,尿碘＜150 μg/L的比例分别为62.1％(46/74)、46.8％(29/62),孕早、孕中、孕晚期孕妇尿碘中位数分别为173.10、144.75、101.90μg/L,孕早期高于孕中、孕晚期(Z=6.151、3.052,P均＜0.05),孕中期高于孕晚期(Z=2.016,P＜0.05);哺乳期妇女尿碘中位数分别为131.20、104.35μg/L,＜100 μg/L的比例分别为35.3％ (24/68)、46.7％ (28/60);婴幼儿尿碘中位数分别为81.95、80.20 μg/L,＜100μg/L的比例分别为59.7％(37/62)、61.6％( 40/65),尿碘＜50 μg/L的比例分别为32.3％(20/62)、30.8％ (20/65).结论 产盐区的翔安区和非产盐区的集美区的哺乳期妇女、孕妇和婴幼儿的碘营养未达理想水平,其中婴幼儿和产盐区孕妇处于碘营养不足,应引起高度重视.要加强碘盐市场监管,开展对孕妇、哺乳期妇女和婴幼儿的碘营养监测,做好碘特需人群碘营养知识的宣传,及时指导科学补碘.     

山东省碘缺乏地区居民饮水含碘量调查

目的 了解山东省碘缺乏地区居民饮水含碘量分布现况,指导碘缺乏地区的重新划定及科学补碘措施的实施.方法 2008年以<山东省实施〈食盐加碘消除碘缺乏危害管理条例〉办法>划定的100个碘缺乏县(市、区)作为调查范围,以自然村为调查单位,采集1～3份饮用人数最多的水源样品,用砷铈催化分光光度法检测水碘.结果共收集水样65 716份,回收样品有效率达到99.8%(65 572/65 716),水碘中位数为5.57μg/L.有82.05%(1097/1337)的乡(镇)符合碘缺乏地区划分标准(水碘＜10 μg/L),17.43%(233/1337)的乡(镇)水碘适中(水碘10～150μg/L),0.52%(7/1337)的乡(镇)为高碘地区(水碘＞150～300μg/L).结论碘缺乏地区居民饮水含碘量发生改变,需进行重新界定;建议不同含碘量食盐供应范围最小单位设定为乡(镇).     

山东省日照市沿海与非沿海地区8～10岁儿童碘营养水平调查

目的 调查山东省日照市沿海与非沿海地区8～10岁儿童碘营养状况,为因地制宜、科学补碘提供参考依据.方法 2009、2010年,选择日照市紧靠海岸的东港区和岚山区为沿海地区调查点,以远离海岸50 km以外的莒县和五莲县为非沿海地区调查点.采用硫酸铈催化分光光度法,检测调查点所有自然村及居民饮用水供水点的含碘量;以县为单位,按东、西、南、北、中5个方位,抽取5～9个乡,每乡抽取4个行政村,每村抽取8～ 15户居民,采集食用盐样,用直接滴定法检测盐碘;每个县抽取5所小学,每所小学抽取60名8～10岁儿童,采用触诊法进行甲状腺检查,收集其中20名儿童的即时尿样,采用砷铈催化分光光度法测定尿碘.结果 共检测居民饮用水样3483份,沿海及非沿海地区水碘≤10μg/L的比例分别为90.03％(1011/1123)和91.10％(2150/2360),水碘中位数分别为5.6、4.2μg/L;检测居民户食用盐1164份,盐碘中位数分别为29.03、29.99mg/kg,合格碘盐食用率分别为96.77％(569/588)和97.05％(559/576);共调查8～ 10岁儿童1200名,甲状腺肿大率分别为1.17％(7/600)和1.33％(8/600);共检测8～ 10岁儿童尿样476份,尿碘中位数分别为144.05、159.15 μg/L,＜100 μg/L的比例分别为26.58％(63/237)和22.59％ (54/239),100～300 μg/L的比例分别为66.67％(158/237)和64.02％(153/239),＞300 μg/L的比例分别为6.75％(16/237)和13.39％(32/239).结论 日照市沿海地区外环境缺碘.目前居民户合格碘盐普及情况适宜,8～ 10岁儿童碘营养水平适宜,达到国家消除碘缺乏病(IDD)标准要求,不存在碘过量的问题.沿海和非沿海地区在同样食用碘盐的情况下碘营养水平未见明显差异,无需实行差异化碘盐供应.