2009年青海省饮水型地方性氟中毒监测结果分析

目的 掌握青海省饮水型地方性氟中毒病情变化和防治措施落实效果,为防治工作提供依据。方法 2009年,采用单纯随机抽样方法选择6个监测县,每个县根据历史资料将病区村分成轻、中、重3个类型,每个类型抽取1个病区村作为监测村。在已改水病区村采集出厂水1份和末梢水3份,在未改水病区村按东、西、南、北、中5个方位各采集1份水样,水氟测定按照《生活饮用水标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750--2006)。对监测村全部8～ 12岁儿童进行氟斑牙检查,氟斑牙诊断采用Dean法。对监测村全部16岁以上常住人口进行临床氟骨症检查,选择其中2个村,对有临床氟骨症症状的成人进行X线氟骨症检查,氟骨症诊断采用地方性氟骨症诊断标准(WS 192-2008)。每个监测村采集儿童尿样30份、成人尿样20份,采用尿中氟化物的测定离子选择电极法(WS/T 89-2006)检测尿氟。结果 6个县18个病区村中,14个村已落实改水项目,改水率为77.78％(14/18),其中5个改水工程供水正常、9个间歇供水;共检测水样75份,水氟均值为0.48 mg/L。8～ 12岁儿童氟斑牙检出率为31.95％(285/892);16岁以上人群临床氟骨症检出率为36.55％(1570/4295),X线氟骨症检出率为25.64％(20/78)。共检测儿童尿样571份,尿氟几何均数为1.04 mg/L;共检测成人尿样370份,尿氟几何均数为1.52 mg/L。结论 青海省饮水型氟中毒流行仍然较为严重,改水防氟措施应进一步加强和完善。     

2010年山西省忻州市饮水型氟中毒监测结果分析

目的 掌握忻州市饮水型氟中毒流行现况,评价改水降氟防治效果,为开展病情监测和制订防治策略提供科学依据.方法 将忻州市按照水氟浓度和病区类型分层后,抽取25个病区村作为调查点.在未改水降氟调查村按东、西、南、北、中5个方位各采集1份水样,已改水降氟调查村分别抽取3份居民户末梢水样和1份水源水样,测定水氟.水氟测定按照《生活饮用水标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750-2006).对调查村所有8～ 12岁儿童进行氟斑牙检查,氟斑牙诊断采用Dean法.对调查村所有16周岁以上人群进行临床氟骨症患病情况检查.抽取调查村中8个村,每村抽取男、女各10人,进行X线氟骨症检查.氟骨症诊断采用《地方性氟骨症诊断标准》(WS/T 192-2007).抽取调查村中13个村的8～ 12岁儿童,每个年龄段采集6人份尿样,共30人份,采用氟离子选择电极法( WS/T 89-2006)测定尿氟.结果 未改水村检测水样56份,水氟均值为2.7 mg/L;已改水村检测水样52份,水氟均值为1.6 mg/L;其中水源水氟＞1.5mg/L的占46.15％(6/13).儿童氟斑牙检出率未改水村为74.75％(622/832),已改水村为23.67％(241/1018),未改水村与已改水村儿童氟斑牙检出率比较差异有统计学意义(x2=140,P＜ 0.01).未改水村氟骨症检出率为30.02％(2803/9335),已改水村为9.44％(1230/13 022),二者比较差异有统计学意义(x2=1557.75,P＜0.01).儿童尿氟几何均数(G)为3.31mg/L,未改水村与已改水村儿童尿氟比较差异有统计学意义(t=2.27,P＜0.05).结论 忻州市饮水型氟中毒病区通过改水降氟病情得到一定控制,但局部病区病情还很严重,部分改水村水氟回升,病情也有上升趋势,须加大监测防治工作力度.     

2009年河南省许昌市饮水型地方性氟中毒监测结果分析

目的 了解许昌市地方性氟中毒的病情动态,评价防治措施的落实效果.方法 2009年,在河南省许昌市,抽取长葛市、许昌县作为监测县(市),调查监测县(市)的改水工程运行情况及水含氟量,并选择10个病区村作为监测村,调查8～ 12岁儿童氟斑牙及尿含氟量,16岁成人临床氟骨症及尿含氟量.结果 2个监测县所有改水村中,改水工程正在使用的村有97个,占61.39％(97/158),报废的村有61个,占38.61％(61/158).在10个监测村中,9个未改水村,水氟均值范围为1.32 ～ 2.25 mg/L;1个已改水村,末梢水水氟为0.44 mg/L;8～12岁儿童氟斑牙检出率为38.65％(80/207),儿童的尿氟几何均数为1.65 mg/L;成人临床氟骨症检出率为0.30％(9/2982),成人尿氟几何均数为2.09 mg/L.结论 许昌市属于地方性氟中毒轻中度流行区,病情尚未得到有效控制,需进一步加大防治力度.     

2008年青海省饮水型地方性氟中毒病情调查分析

目的 掌握2008年青海省地方性氟中毒病情,为地方性氟中毒防治提供科学依据.方法 将青海省所有地方性氟中毒病村以改水前的水氟分为轻、中、重3类,分别抽取2、4、4个调查村.对未改水的村按东、西、南、北、中5个方位采集5份水样,测定水氟;对已改水病村,抽检3份末梢水样和1份水源水样测定水氟,水氟测定用<地方性氟中毒病区饮水氟化物的测定方法>;用Dean法对调查村所有8～12岁儿童进行氟斑牙检查,并按年龄段各抽检6人的尿氟;尿氟测定采用离子选择电极法;对调查村16岁及以上成人进行临床氟骨症检查,在中等病区和重病区调查村,每村按年龄段抽取约20人进行X线氟骨症检查.结果 共检查8～12岁儿童562名,氟斑牙检出率为43.59%(245/562);检测300例8～12岁儿童尿样,尿氟为1.52 mg/L:对3144名16岁以上成人进行临床氟骨症检查,临床氟骨症检出率为50.32%(1582/3144);对163名成人进行了X线拍片检查,氟骨症检出率为29.45%(48/163).结论 青海省地方性氟中毒病情仍然很严重,并且有回升趋势,须进一步加强防治措施.     

2007年全国饮茶型氟中毒现况调查资料的聚类分析

目的 应用聚类分析方法对全国饮茶型氟中毒流行现况调查数据进行分析,明确全国各病区省级或市级病情的分类层次,以指导饮茶型氟中毒的防治.方法 利用2007年全国饮茶型氟中毒流行现况调查数据库,以Ⅱ度及以上临床氟骨症检出率为聚类指标,对全部调查资料进行聚类分析,绘制聚类图,根据聚类结果进行方差分析以及两两比较.结果 全国饮茶型氟中毒病区从省级层面可分为三类:一类地区包括西藏和四川,二类地区为青海,三类地区包括内蒙古、甘肃、新疆和宁夏.从地市级层面也可分为三类:一类地区包括四川阿坝州、西藏日喀则地区及拉萨市;二类地区包括内蒙古乌兰察布市、呼伦贝尔市、包头市,青海海北州、果洛州、海西州、西宁市、海东地区,四川甘孜州,甘肃陇南市、酒泉市,新疆乌鲁木齐市和博尔塔拉州;其他地市(州、盟)为三类地区.省级及地市级一、二、三类地区Ⅱ度及以上临床氟骨症检出率(35.18％、16.21％、5.22％,41.16％、19.64％、4.19％)任意两类间比较差异均有统计学意义(P均＜0.05).结论 全国省级层面与地市级层面饮茶型氟中毒流行程度可以应用聚类分析法进行分类,聚类分析结果可以为国家有效落实饮茶型氟中毒防治措施提供科学依据.     

2010年山东省地方性氟中毒流行病学调查

目的 了解山东省地方性氟中毒的病情现状,为制订防制策略提供科学依据.方法 按照国家《2009年地方病防治项目技术实施方案》和《饮水型地方性氟中毒监测方案(试行)》的要求,选择10个县,了解改水工程进度和运行效果;每个县选择3个村,测定饮用水含氟量,对8～ 12岁儿童进行氟斑牙检杏,对25岁以上成人进行氟骨症检查.水氟测定采用氟离子选择电极法,儿童氟斑牙诊断采用Dean法,氟骨症诊断依据《地方性氟骨症诊断标准》(WS 192-2008).结果 在10个县中,共有改水降氟工程687个,改水率为83.34％(3247/3896).调查84个改水工程中,运行基本正常的工程占98.81％(83/84);水氟≤1.20 mg/L的工程有41个,合格率为48.81％(41/84),水氟最大值为5.76 mg/L.调查26个已改水村,水氟均值≤1.20 mg/L的村有15个,占57.69％(15/26);水氟均值＞1.20 mg/L的村有11个,占42.31％(11/26),水氟最大值为5.58 mg/L.调查4个未改水村中,水氟均值≤1.20 mg/L的村1个,＞1.20 mg/L的村3个,水氟最大值为2.92 mg/L.检查已改水村8～ 12岁儿童1331人,氟斑牙检出率为59.73％(795/1331),氟斑牙指数为1.17,缺损率为10.14％(123/1331).检查未改水村8～ 12岁儿童138人,氟斑牙检出率为51.45％(71/138),氟斑牙指数为0.95,缺损率为0.72％(1/138).已改水村和未改水村25岁以上成人的氟骨症X线检出率分别为8.80％(113/1284)和3.05％(6/197).结论 山东省改水降氟工程水氟超标严重,地方性氟中毒尚未得到有效控制.     

2009年山东省地方性氟中毒监测结果分析

目的 了解山东省地方性氟中毒的病情现状,为制订防治策略提供科学依据.方法 按照国家<2008年地方病防治项目技术实施方案>的要求,在山东省选择34个县为项目县,各项目县将所有病区村按病情的严重程度分为轻、中、重3层,再在每一层各选择1个病区村,进行病情监测.水氟、尿氟测定采用氟离子选择电极法,8～12岁儿童氟斑牙诊断采用Dean法,16岁以上成人临床和X线摄片检查氟骨症.结果 在34个县中,调查70个改水村,水氟≤1.00 mg/L的村54个,占77.14%(54/70);＞1.00 mg/L的村16个,占22.86%(16/70);水氟最大值为4.46 mg/L.调查32个未改水村,水氟≤1.00 mg/L的村9个,占28.12%(9/32);＞1.00mg/L的村23个,占71.88%(23/32),水氟最大值为4.09 mg/L.8～12岁儿童氟斑牙总检出率为45.81%(1988/4340),氟斑牙指数为0.97,缺损率为6.91%(300/4340).儿童尿氟在1.40 mg/L以上的人数占55.33%(1417/2657),最高值为18.53 mg/L.16岁以上成人的氟骨症临床和X线检出率分别为4.25%(2462/57 968)、28.40%(23/81).成人尿氟在1.60 mg/L以上的人数占55.86%(1130/2023),最高值为25.44 mg/L.结论 山东省地方性氟中毒病情尚未得到有效的控制,防治形势依然比较严峻,须进一步加大防治力度.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the current status of endemic fluorosis in Shandong province, and to provide the scientific evidence for making strategies for prevention and control of the disease. Methods According to "The National Technical Scheme for Endemic Disease Control in 2008", thirty-four counties were divided into mild, moderate and severe endemic fluorosis areas and a village was randomly selected from each category of the area to carry out the monitoring of endemic fluorosis. The content of fluoride in drinking water and urine was determined by F-ion selective electrode, dental fluorosis of children aged 8 to 12 was diagnosed by Dean method and skeletal fluorosis diagnosed by clinic and X-rays. Results The monitoring was done in 70 water-improving villages in 34 counties, among which 54 villages had water fluoride content ≤ 1.00 mg/L and accounted for 77.14%(54/70), 16 villages had water fluoride content ＞ 1.00 mg/L and accounted for 22.86%(16/70), the highest water fluoride content was 4.46 mg/L. The monitoring was also carried out in 32 non-water-improving villages in 34 counties, among which 9 villages had water fluoride content ≤ 1.00 mg/L and accounted for 28.12%(9/32), 23 villages had water fluoride content ＞ 1.00 mg/L and accounted for 71.88% (23/32), the highest water fluoride content was 4.09 mg/L. The total rate of dental fluorosis of children aged 8 to 12 was 45.81%(1988/4340), the index of dental fluorosis was 0.97 and the rate of dental damage was 6.91%(300/4340). The urinary fluoride values above 1.40 mg/L were found in 55.33%(1417/2657) of children aged 8 to 12, with the highest urinary fluoride concentrations was 18.53 mg/L. The rate of skeletal fluorosis by clinic and X-rays in adults older than 16 years were 4.25% (2462/57 968) and 28.40%(23/81 ), respectively. The urinary fluoride values above 1.60 mg/L were found in 55.86% (1130/2023) of adults older than 16 years, with the highest urinary fluoride concentrations was 25.44 mg/L. Conclusions Endemic fluorosis in Shandong province has not yet been effectively controlled,control situation is still grim. Prevention efforts need to be further strengthened.     

2013年新疆饮茶型氟中毒监测结果分析

目的调查新疆8～12岁儿童饮茶型氟中毒的病情严重程度及36～45岁成人氟骨症情况,为制定砖茶氟含量标准提供参考。方法按照《饮茶型地方性氟中毒监测方案》,选取新疆6个县作为饮茶型地方性氟中毒病区,调查该地区人群饮用砖茶情况;用Dean氏法诊断儿童氟斑牙;X线拍片检查成人氟骨症。结果300份砖茶样本中氟含量合格率28．70％,儿童氟斑牙检出率4．63％,氟斑牙指数0．16;居民日均通过砖茶摄入的氟含量5．94mg,氟骨症检出率9．33％。结论新疆部分县砖茶氟含量超标,高于全国均值,建议商务部门严加监管茶叶市场,限制某些高氟砖茶流通,以保护人们的身体健康。     

2009年内蒙古呼伦贝尔市地方性氟中毒监测结果分析

根据<2008年度中央补助地方公共卫生专项资金地方病防治项目技术方案>和<内蒙古地方病防治项目实施方案>要求,为掌握呼伦贝尔市地方性氟中毒(简称地氟病)的病情,为地氟病的防治提供依据,于2009年6-7月进行了地氟病监测,结果报道如下.     

2008年江苏省苏北地区饮水型地方性氟中毒病情监测结果分析

目的 掌握江苏省苏北地区饮水型地方性氟中毒(简称地氟病)病情及降氟改水工程使用情况.为进一步开展地氟病的防治工作提供科学依据.方法 2008年,在徐州、连云港、宿迁市的10个饮水型地氟病重点县(区),按照以往水氟调查资料,采用分层抽样的方法,抽取40个病区村,对所有8～12岁儿童进行氟斑牙检查;对所有16岁以上成人进行临床氟骨症检查.在40个病区村中,抽取30%的病区村,每个病区村选择20名16岁以上成人进行X线氟骨症检查,抽取50%病区村,每个村采集30名8～12岁儿童的任意一次尿样 检测尿氟.在每个市,选择1个县,对分层抽样方法抽取剑的病区村的改水工程现状、供水能力及覆盖范围等进行调查.结果 共计对3560名8～12岁儿童进行氟斑牙检查,检出率为38.51%(1371/3560).缺损率为5.34%(190/3560),氟斑牙指数为0.8;共抽取708份尿样,尿氟中位数为1.47 mg/L,范围为0.08～10.08 mg/L;16岁以上成人临床氟骨症检出率为21.3%(1294/6083),X线氟骨症检出率为39.2%(123/314).共调查了248个集中式改水设施,无经费运行或损坏的有49个,水氟>1.0 mg/L的有18个.结论 江苏省苏北地区饮水型地氟病病情尚未完全控制,并有回升趋势,须进一步加强降氟改水监管力度.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the state of endemic fluorosis, running status of water improvement project to reduce fluoride in Jiangsu province, and to provide a scientific basis for prevention and control of endemic fluorosis. Methods In 2008, in the ten key counties of endemic fluorosis (zone), in Xuzhou,Lianyungang and Suqian, a stratified sampling method was employed to select 40 diseased villages according to their past water fluoride survey data. All children aged 8 to 12 were examined dental fluorosis, and all adults over 16 years were examined clinical skeletal fluorosis. Thirty per cent of the 40 diseased villages were selected, and 20 adults over the age of 16 in each selected village were examined by X-ray, respectively;50% of the 40 diseased villages were selected, and 30 any time urine samples of children aged 8 to 12 in each diseased village were tested urine fluoride. In each city, select a county, the status of water improvement project to reduce fluoride, water supply capacity and coverage in the county were investigated. Results A total of 3560 children aged 8 to 12 were examined, the detection rate of dental fluorosis was 38.51% (1371/3560), tooth defect rate was 5.34% (190/3560), and dental fluorosis index was 0.8. Seven hundred and eight urine samples were tested, the median urinary fluoride was 1.47 mg/L and the range was 0.08 ~ 10.08 mg/L. Clinical detection of skeletal fluorosis was 21.3% among adults over the age of 16, and X-ray detection rate of skeletal fluorosis was 39.2% (123/314).Investigated a total of 248 facilities of centralized water improvement projects, no funds to run or damaged 49, the water fluoride > 1.0 mg/L was 18. Conclusions Endemic fluorosis in Northern Jiangsu province has not been controlled completely, but has a rising trend, we should further strengthen the supervision of water fluoride reduction.     

2007年青海省饮茶型氟中毒流行现状与居民饮食结构调查

目的 调查青海省饮茶型氟中毒流行现状,了解居民饮食结构,为预防控制和科研工作提供科学依据.方法 2007年,依据全国<饮茶型地方性氟中毒流行现状调查方案>,结合青海省具体情况对28个县进行调查,每个县抽查3个乡、1个镇,每个乡(镇)抽查2个行政村(居委会),每个村(居委会)抽查50名成人、50名学龄儿童;同时每个县抽查1座寺院,每座寺院抽查成人僧侣50名、儿童僧侣50名.人户调查居民经济收入、饮食结构、砖茶消耗量等.对全部调查对象用Dean法诊断氟斑牙,对同仁、达日、互助县和隆务寺16岁以上成人用200 mA X线机拍片诊断氟骨症,并用调查结果估算全省饮茶型氟中毒的患病人数.结果 ①居民家庭年人均收入大部分在500～<1000元,其次在1000～<3000元;牧业区居民经济收入略高于农业区、半农半牧区和城镇居民.②居民饮食结构,牧业区及半农半牧区主食以面粉为主,其次是糌粑及大米;农业区及城镇主食以面粉为主,其次是大米及糌杷;各地区副食均为肉制品占多数,其次为奶制品,蛋类比例很小.③经常食用的蔬菜为土豆、白菜及青椒,每日食用的家庭占62.82%(6497/10 343);水果以苹果、梨及橘子为主,每月食用不足10次的家庭占75.95%(7856/10 343).④共调查居民61 999人,年砖茶消耗量为153 335 kg,人均2.47 ks;共调查僧侣1001人,年砖茶消耗量为4120 kg,人均4.12 kg.⑤乡镇成人氟斑牙检出率为24.11%(2494/10 343),儿童氟斑牙检出率为24.38%(3012/12 355);成人僧侣氟斑牙检出率为26.13%(203/777),儿童僧侣氟斑牙检出率为39.73%(89/224).⑥乡镇成人氟骨症检出率为15.60%(17/109);成人僧侣氟骨症检出率为4.88%(2/41).⑦氟斑牙患者95%可信限估算总人数为1 084 306～1 134 170人.中位数为1 109 238人;氟骨症患者95%可信限估算总人数为309 177～758 199人,中位数为533 688人.结论 青海省砖茶消耗量较大,饮茶型氟中毒人数多,危害程度比较重;居民饮食结构比较单调,主要靠外地运输.     

2009年山东省鲁南地区地方性氟中毒流行现状调查

目的 调查山东省鲁南地区地方性氟中毒流行现状,为氟中毒防治工作提供依据.方法 2009年,根据山东省地方性氟中毒病区分布现状,按照“山东省地方性氟中毒防治项目技术方案”的要求,在山东省的鲁南地区,选择临沂市的河东、兰山,枣庄市的台儿庄,济宁市的任城、金乡、鱼台、嘉祥、梁山,菏泽市的曹县、牡丹、单县、巨野、郓城,共13个县(区)为监测县(区).在各监测县(区),按氟中毒病情分为轻、中、重三层,每层抽取1个病区村作为调查点.调查内容为饮水含氟量、儿童氟斑牙与成人临床氟骨症患病情况及人群尿氟水平.水、尿氟检测采用氟离子选择电极法;8～ 12岁儿童氟斑牙诊断采用Dean法;成人氟骨症诊断采用《地方性氟骨症诊断标准》(WS 192-2008).结果 在13个县(区)的39个村,有改水后供水正常村26个,未改水或改水后水井报废村13个.检查水样172份,含氟量超过国家标准(＞ 1.0 mg/L)的有74份,其中51份来自13个未改水村,23份来自6个供水正常村,水氟超标率为43.02％.水氟＞2.0 ～ 4.0 mg/L的水样有24份,＞4.0mg/L的有3份,水氟最大值为7.76 mg/L.检测尿样1882份,其中儿童1118份,成人764份,尿氟几何均数分别为1.82、1.98 mg/L.对1908名8～12岁儿童进行氟斑牙检查,氟斑牙检出率为45.18％(862/1908),牙齿缺损率为9.12％(174/1908),氟斑牙指数为1.07.调查25 296名成人,临床氟骨症检出率为5.96％(1509/25296),其中检出中、重度病例670例.结论 山东省鲁南地区水氟超标仍较严重,以未改水病村(包括改水后报废病村)为主;尿氟水平仍维持在较高水平,氟斑牙与氟骨症仍存在一定程度流行,高氟危害依然在一定范围存在.应尽快落实科学有效的改水降氟措施,控制氟中毒的流行.     

2009年青海省湟源县地方性氟中毒病情监测结果分析

目的 掌握青海省湟源县饮水型地方性氟中毒病情变化和防治措施落实效果.方法 2009年将湟源县所有地方性氟中毒病区村按改水前水含氟量分为轻、中两类,分别抽取1、2个病区村作为监测点,共抽取3个监测村;每村采集出厂水和末梢水水样进行水氟测定;对监测村所有8～12岁儿童进行氟斑牙检查,并按年龄组采集儿童尿样进行尿氟测定;对监测村16岁及以上成人进行临床氟骨症检查,并采集20人份的尿样,检测尿氟;在3个监测村中选择1个村进行X线氟骨症检查.按照<生活饮用水标准检验方法非金属指标>(GB/T 5750.6-2006)测定水氟,尿氟测定采用氟离子选择电极法(WS/T 89-1996),氟斑牙诊断采用Dean法,成人氟骨症诊断按<地方性氟骨症临床诊断标准>(WS 192-2008).结果 共检测12份水样,水氟为(0.35 ±0.43)mg/L.共检查8～12岁儿童122名,氟斑牙检出率为34.43%(42/122);检测96例儿童尿样,尿氟几何均数为0.89 mg/L.对834名16岁及以上成人进行氟骨症检查,临床氟骨症检出率为47.72%(398/834):检测65例成人尿样,尿氟几何均数为1.10 mg/L;对甘沟村35名成人进行了X线氟骨症检查,检出率为31.4%(11/35).结论 湟源县的3个监测村饮用水含氟量正常,但氟中毒病情仍然很严重,应密切监测,分析原因,改进防治措施.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the prevalence change of drinking water type of endemic fluorosis and the effect of control measures implemented in Huangyuan county of Qinghai province. Methods In 2009, all the endemic fluorosis villages in Huangyuan county were divided into two degrees, light and medium, according to the water fluorosis content before implementing the improving water project, 1 to 2 villages were selected from each degree village, respectively,as monitoring sites, and a total of 3 villages were selected. Source water and tap water samples were collected from each village and water fluoride concentration was determined. Dental fluorosis of all children aged 8 to 12 of monitoring villages was examined, and urine samples were collected by age group of children for determination of urinary fluoride. Clinical skeletal fluorosis of adults over 16 years of age was examined, and 20 copies of adults urine samples were collected to determine urinary fluoride. One village was selected in the 3 villages monitored to conduct X-rays examination of skeletal fluorosis. Water fluoride was tested in accordance with the "Non-metallic Targets Test Methods for Drinking Water" (GB/T 5750.6-2006); urinary fluoride was tested by fluoride ion-selective electrode method (WS/T 89-1996); dental fluorosis was diagnosed using Dean method;adult skeletal fluorosis was diagnosed by "Clinical Diagnostic Criteria for Endemic Skeletal Fluorosis"(WS 192-2008). Results Twelve water samples were assayed, water fluoride was (0.35 ± 0.43) mg/L. The detectable rate of dental fluorosis of 122 children aged 8-12 was 34.43%(42/122) and the geometric mean urinary fluoride was 0.89 mg/L of the 96 children. Of the 834 adults aged 16 and over, clinical detection of skeletal fluorosis was 47.72% (398/836) and geometric mean urinary fluoride was 1.10 mg/L of the 65 cases of adult urine samples assayed, detection rate of X-rays was 31.4% (11/35) in Gangou village of the 35 adults examined.Conclusions In Huangyuan county, water fluoride of the 3 surveyed villages are normal but the endemic fluorosis is still serious. It should strengthen monitoring and analyze the causes and improve prevention measures.     

2008年山东省地方性氟中毒病情调查结果分析

目的 分析山东省地方性氟中毒的病情现状,为制订防治策略提供科学依据.方法 2008年按照国家<2007年地方病防治项目技术实施方案>的要求,选择山东省19个县(市、区)以村为单位进行流行病学调查,氟离子选择电极法测定水氟和8～12岁儿童尿氟,Dean法诊断儿童氟斑牙,临床和X线摄片检查16岁以上成人氟骨症.结果 在19个县(市、区)中,共调查了186个村,水氟均值≤1.00 mg/L的村44个,占23.66%(44/186);＞1.00 mg/L的村142个,占76.34%(142/186);水氟最大值为8.88 mg/L.8～12岁儿童氟斑牙总检出率为66.35%(4518/6809),氟斑牙指数为1.55,缺损率为15.39%(1048/6809).儿童尿氟＞1.40mg/L的人数占83.29%(2149/2580),最高值为31.92 mg/L.16岁以上成人氟骨症临床和X线检出率分别为6.37%(5577/87 607)、20.23%(229/1132).结论 山东省地方性氟中毒病情仍然比较严重,防治形势依然比较严峻,须进一步加大防治力度.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the current status of endemic fluorosis in Shandong province, and to provide scientific evidence for the development of control strategies. Methods According to "The National Technical Scheme for Endemic Disease Control in 2007", 19 counties were chosen to carry out the epidemiological investigation in 2008. Water and urinary fluoride were determined by F-ion selective electrode, dental fluorosis of children aged 8 to 12 were diagnosed by Dean method and skeletal fluorosis of adults over the age of 16 were examined clinically and by X-rays. Results In 19 counties, 186 villages were surveyed, 44 villages were found with mean water fluoride ≤ 1.00 mg/L, accounting for 23.66%(44/186);the value ＞ 1.00 mg/L in 142 villages,accounting for 76.34% (142/186);maximum water fluoride 8.88 mg/L. Total detection rate of dental fluorosis of children aged 8 to 12 was 66.35% (4518/6809), dental fluorosis index was 1.55, and defect rate was 15.39%(1048/6809). Children with urinary fluoride ＞ 1.40 mg/L was 83.29%(2149/2580), and the maximum value was 31.92 mg/L. Detection rates of skeletal fluorosis clinically and by X ray among adults over 16 years were 6.37%(5577/87 607) and 20.23% (229/1132), respectively. Conclusions Endemic fluorosis in Shandong province is still serious, prevention efforts need to be further increased.