Estrogen and progesterone receptors in malignant mixed mesodermal tumors of the ovary

Malignant mixed mesodermal tumors of the ovary occur in less than 1% of cases of ovarian cancer. They have a dismal prognosis and the most effective type of therapy is still not known. All cases of malignant mixed mesodermal tumor of the ovary between Jaunary 1, 1985 and May 1, 1994 operated on by the gynecologic oncology service are the subject of this report. Data were obtained from the hospital and office records of the patients. Nine patients who had their primary surgery by the gynecologic oncology service were found to have the diagnosis of malignant mixed mesodermal tumor of the ovary. Homologous tumors were found in five patients and heterologous tumors in four. Homologous tumors (mean survival 15.2 months) showed a better survival than heterologous tumors (mean survival 6.5 months; P = 0.001). An elevated estrogen receptor status was shown to correspond to longer survival (p < 0.0001). Six specimens were considered to be estrogen receptor positive and three were receptor negative. The mean survival in those patients who had a positive estrogen receptor status, 13.7 months, with a median of 7.5 months was significantly higher than those who were not positive, 6.7 months (P = 0.019) with a median of 6.25 months. All specimens were progesterone receptor negative. Malignant mixed mesodermal tumors of the ovary have a dismal prognosis, no effective therapy, and controversial prognostic indicators. Increasing estrogen receptor status appeared to correlate with longer mean survival. Larger, multi-institutional studies need to be done to determine the overall significance of these findings.     

Estradiol and progesterone receptors in breast cancer: Prognostic value after relapse

Summary The prognostic significance of estradiol (ER) and progesterone receptors (PgR) for survival from relapse has been studied in two groups of breast cancer patients: group 1, 35 patients in whom receptor levels were measured at the time of mastectomy; group II, 49 patients in whom receptor levels were measured at the time of recurrence. ER + (>10 fmoles/mg) patients had a better survival from relapse than ER — patients. High levels of PgR (>50 fmoles/mg) had a prognostic significance only in group II patients.     

Tamoxifen-induced progesterone receptors in breast tumors]

Estrogen and progesterone receptors were assayed in 86 patients with breast cancer following 7-day treatment with 20 mg tamoxifen. The results were compared with the data on the receptor status of 127 untreated patients with breast cancer. Mean progesterone receptor level was significantly increased whereas that of estrogen receptors was significantly decreased in patients aged 20-49 and 60-69 years. It is suggested that tumors in which stimulated progesterone receptor level is higher than 50 fmol/mg protein be considered hormone-dependent.     

Estrogen and progesterone receptors expression in uterine malignant smooth muscle tumors: correlation with clinical outcome

Uterine leiomyosarcomas are associated with a poor prognosis, although a considerable diversity in behavior may be found, and prolonged survival may occur. The aim of this study was to analyze the expression of estrogen (ER) and progesterone (PR) receptors in tumor specimens from uterine leiomyosarcomas, and to test their correlation with disease-free interval and cause-specific survival. This additional information may help the clinician differentiate between patients who have minimal risk of recurrence and those at greater risk of developing progressive disease. We examined specimens from 31 uterine leiomyosarcoma patients with clinical history and known follow-up. Disease-free interval and cause-specific survival rates were calculated according to the Kaplan-Meier method. According to univariate analysis, with Cox proportional hazards models, the ER expression (P=0.006 and P=0.016, respectively), PR expression (P=0.005 and P=0.016, respectively), and FIGO stage disease (P=0.011 and P=0.007, respectively) were independent predictors of the risk of recurrence and death from disease.     

Nuclear receptors in estrogen receptor negative tumors with progesterone receptors

The nuclear estrogen receptors ERn were determined in 12 carcinomas whose cytoplasm contained progesterone receptors PRc but no estrogen receptors ERc. ERn were found in 9 of the tumors. Their concentration correlated to those of PRc and reached a mean of only 20% of the ERn concentrations found in ERc+/PRc + carcinomas. These results suggest that in carcinomas of the ERc-/PRc+-type, originally present cytoplasmic estrogen receptors induce the synthesis of progesterone receptors in a concentration corresponding to that of the nuclear receptors, following translocation by endogenous estradiol in the nucleus.     

Estradiol and progesterone receptors content and response to norethisterone treatment in advanced breast cancer

Twenty-six patients with advanced breast cancer and progressive disease were treated by norethisterone. Estradiol and progesterone receptors were measured before starting treatment, and in three cases after 2 to 4.75 months of therapy. Partial remissions (greater than 50% decrease of all lesions) or objective improvements (decrease of 20–50%) were obtained in 7 patients, with a mean duration of 6.7 months. Stabilization of the lesions (no change or decrease of less than 20% in the size of the target lesion) was observed in 7 patients. No clear-cut correlation was found between clinical response and presence in biopsies of estradiol and progesterone receptors. However, absence of response occurred more frequently if tumors did not contain progesterone receptors.     

Immunohistochemical investigation of estrogen and progesterone receptors in breast tumors

Estrogen (ER) and progesterone (PR) receptor levels were assayed in 344 breast tumors. The following 4 patterns were identified: ER+ PR(+)--61%; ER+ PR- 24%; ER- PR(+)--15% and ER- PR(-)--35%. While no correlation was found between histological pattern, on the one hand, and the ER/PR ratio and age, on the other, there was one between estrogen and progesterone receptor content, on the one hand, and age, tumor size and metastatic spread to regional lymph nodes, on the other (p > 0.001).     

卵巢肿瘤雌孕激素受体、雌二醇、孕酮测定及其临床意义

本文测定了５０例卵巢肿瘤患者手术前后血浆雌二醇（Ｅ＿２）和孕酮（Ｐ）水平。并用葡聚糖─活性碳吸附法（ＤＣＣ）测定了５０例卵巢肿瘤和６例正常卵巢组织胞浆雌（ＥＲｃ）、孕（ＰＲｃ）激素受体和胞核雌（ＥＲｎ）、孕（ＰＲｎ）激素受体。结果表明卵巢恶性肿瘤具有高的ＥＲｃ、ＰＲｃ和低的ＥＲｎ、ＰＲｎ、Ｅ＿２和Ｐ。提示对卵巢肿瘤患者常规进行Ｅ＿２、Ｐ测定，可作为鉴别卵巢恶性肿瘤的参考。对受体含量高的卵巢恶性肿瘤，有用内分泌治疗的可能和推测较好预后。     

Immunoglobulins and immunoglobulin receptors associated with human malignant tumors

Over the past five years 86 malignant tumors were assayed for cell surface IgG, elutable Ag-Ab complexes, and/or cell surface Fc receptors. Surface IgG was measured by indirect radioimmunoassay, using single-cell suspensions and tumor eluates. Fc receptors in tissue sections were identified by the closed chamber technique. The results confirm our previous finding that human tumors are coated in vivo with IgG and that there is a population of cells within solid tumors capable of binding Ag-Ab complexes. In addition, Ag-Ab complexes appear to attach to the cell surface membrane by the Fc zone of antibody. Ag-Ab binding was inhibited by antibody raised against the tumor. Indirect complement consumption assay indicated the presence of Ag-Ab complexes in tumor eluates. It appears that most cell surface immunoglobulin is complexed.     

胃肠道恶性间质瘤的临床病理分析及免疫组化观察

目的探讨胃肠道恶性间质瘤的临床病理及免疫组化特点和诊断标准.方法对11例恶性间质瘤(GIST)进行常规病理检查及免疫组化染色.结果 GIST由梭形细胞和上皮细胞组成,大多数恶性GIST CD34( ),Vimenti( ),Desmin(-),Actin(-),S-100(-);手术切除是GIST最好的治疗方法.结论 GIST是胃肠道常见的非上皮性肿瘤,缺乏定向分化.免疫组化在鉴别GIST中有重要意义.     

Estradiol and progesterone receptors in normal and neoplastic endometrium: correlations between receptors, histopathological examinations and clinical responses under progestin therapy.

Having examined the steroid receptor (SR)' system in normal and neoplastic endometrium from pre-and postmenopausal women, we investigated the effect of progestin therapy on estrogen and progestin receptors in neoplastic endometrium with respect to histopathological changes and clinical responses of the lesions. In normal endometrium of premenopausal women the estrogen receptor (ER) maximum occurred just before the estradiol (E) peak which is associated with a decrease in ER. In pre-and postmenopausal women, a high progesterone receptor (PR) value was never associated with a high ER value although in postmenopausal women, PR was only detected when the ER level was high and when there was histological evidence of estrogenic influence. In neoplastic endometrium, a high degree of histological differentiation was associated with simultaneous low ER and high PR values, and vice-versa. Progestin therapy results in virtually no change either in ER level or in pathological state of the lesions where PR was initially undetectable. In contrast, a positive clinical response was observed in a PR-positive lesion revealing a differentiated histological type. The effect of P therapy is a fall in both ER and PR to a low level for the former and an undetectable level for the latter. The reasons for PR disappearance involve a nuclear translocation (detected 4 to 8 h after treatment) and a non-replenishment of PR. Since the clinically responding patients were those with PR and ER positive lesions, the relationship between the presence of PR and a differentiated histological state could reflect the hormonal sensitivity of the tissue. These data also suggest that the effectiveness of P therapy is due to a redifferentiation and to a reduction of the estrogen-dependent growth of neoplastic endometrial cells.     

Steroid hormone receptors in malignant tumors of the large intestine

Receptors of steroid hormones (estrogens, androgens, progesterone and glucocorticoids) were studied in 60 patients with stage II-III primary cancer of the large bowel. In 58%, tumors were receptor-positive, with receptors of estrogens and glucocorticoids being the most frequent. No correlation between the frequency of receptor identification and the patients' sex, age, tumor's site or stage was established. Since it is suggested that large bowel cancer may be hormone-sensitive, it makes the case for development of new methods of prevention and treatment of the disease.     

Cytoplasmatic receptors of steroid hormones in malignant epithelial ovarian tumors

The levels of estrogen, progesterone, androgen and glucocorticoid receptors were assayed in 70 malignant epithelial tumors of human ovaries. The percentage of progesterone, androgen and glucocorticoid receptor-positive tumors was significantly higher in reproductive patients than in menopausal ones. Well-differentiated serous cystadenocarcinomas showed a higher level of progesterone receptors than those characterized by poor differentiation of cells. It was found that steroid hormone receptor profile of primary tumor may be determined in its metastases into the greater omentum whenever tumor cannot be removed. In cases of preoperative chemotherapy, the percentage of receptor-positive ovarian tumors was lower.     

The importance of determining androgen receptors in malignant breast tumors

Androgen receptor (AR) level was studied in 254 untreated cases of breast cancer. The occurrence and mean level of AR did not depend upon stage of disease or reproductive status. However, distribution of AR was determined by histologic pattern and grade of malignancy. Increase in degree of anaplasia of ductal invasive carcinoma was matched by decrease in its AR-positive fraction from 75 to 20%. Recurrence-free survival in surgically treated p T1-2 No Mo patients did not depend upon AR status of tumor. In cases of p T1-2 No Mo AR-positive malignancy, recurrences or metastases occurred 2.2 times as rarely when surgery was followed by endocrine therapy. However, in patients with AR-negative tumors (same stage), the best results were obtained with postoperative chemo- and chemoradiation treatment.     

Characterization of Fc receptors associated with human malignant tumors

Fc receptors from human tumors were isolated by sucrose gradient fractionation and affinity chromatography techniques. The isolated Fc receptors showed specificity for IgG(Fc) in the closed chamber hemadsorption technique and also in the inhibition experiments using radiolabeled Fc receptors. The results indicate that Fc receptors isolated from tumor tissue are similar to Fc receptors isolated from normal human spleen, dog macrophages, and peripheral white blood cells (WBCs). However, the Fc receptors isolated from macrophages are more potent inhibitors when compared with tumor, spleen, and peripheral WBC Fc receptors. Also, Fc receptors isolated from the various sources are independent of species specificity.     

上消化道恶性肿瘤手术辅助空肠造瘘术临床价值的探讨

为了探讨上消化道恶性肿瘤根治术后早期营养支持及并发症防治的有效途径,对63例患者的临床资料进行分析。结果63例患者中无死亡病例,并发吻合口瘘2例(3.2%),并发切口感染3例(4.8%),并发肺炎及泌尿系感染各1例(1.6%)。通过空肠造瘘管早期肠内营养支持及引流、换药等治疗,3周内愈合,无需二次手术。初步研究结果提示,空肠造瘘术是上消化道恶性肿瘤根治术后早期肠内营养支持及并发症防治的有效途径。     

多层螺旋CT诊断恶性胃肠道间质瘤乙型肝炎病毒衣壳作为肝癌细胞靶向性基因转移载体的研究

Objective  

The aim of this study was to investigate the value of multi-slice spiral CT (MSCT) in the diagnosis of malignant gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs).     

Beta-adrenergic receptors in DMBA-induced rat mammary tumors: Correlation with progesterone receptor and tumor growth

Summary In order to gain further knowledge about the potential role of catecholamines in mammary carcinoma, we have used the potent -adrenergic antagonist cyanopindolol (CYP) as iodinated ligand to characterize -adrenergic receptors in membranes prepared from mammary tumors induced by dimethylbenz(a)anthraene (DMBA) administration in the rat. The binding of [¹²⁵I]CYP to membrane preparations of DMBA-induced rat mammary tumors is rapid at room temperature, reaching half maximal specific binding at 30 min of incubation. Scatchard analysis of the data indicates that [¹²⁵I]CYP binds to a single class of high affinity sites (114 ± 2.1 fmoles/mg protein) at an apparent K_D value of 38.0 ± 0.3 pM. The order of potency of a series of agonists to compete for [¹²⁵I]CYP binding is consistent with interaction with a ₂-subtype receptor: zinterol > (–)isoproterenol > (–)epinephrine» (–)norepinephrine. In addition, the potency of a series of specific ₁, and ₂ synthetic compounds to displace [¹²⁵I]CYP in mammary tumors is similar to their potency in typical ₂-adrenergic tissues. The binding of [¹²⁵I]CYP to DMBA-induced rat mammary tumors shows a marked stereoselectivity, the (–)isomers of isoproterenol and propranolol being 150 and 80 times more potent, respectively, than their respective enantiomers. The autoradiographic localization of [¹²⁵I]CYP performed on frozen sections revealed the presence of specific -adrenergic receptors in all the malignant cells. Spontaneous mammary tumors of aging (18–22 months) female rats have high levels of -adrenergic receptors. Castration decreased the concentration of [¹²⁵I]CYP binding sites in DMBA-induced mammary tumors. A close correlation was observed between progressing, static, and regressing tumors after ovariectomy and -adrenergic receptor concentration. The presence of -adrenergic receptors in mammary tumors as well as the modulation of their level by ovarian hormones provides a mechanism for catecholaminergic influence in mammary cancer tissue.     

Upregulation of miR-196a and HOTAIR drive malignant character in gastrointestinal stromal tumors

Large intergenic noncoding RNAs (lincRNA) have been less studied than miRNAs in cancer, although both offer considerable theranostic potential. In this study, we identified frequent upregulation of miR-196a and lincRNA HOTAIR in high-risk gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST). Overexpression of miR-196a was associated with high-risk grade, metastasis and poor survival among GIST specimens. miR-196a genes are located within the HOX gene clusters and microarray expression analysis revealed that the HOXC and HOTAIR gene were also coordinately upregulated in GISTs which overexpress miR-196a. In like manner, overexpression of HOTAIR was also strongly associated with high-risk grade and metastasis among GIST specimens. RNA interference-mediated knockdown of HOTAIR altered the expression of reported HOTAIR target genes and suppressed GIST cell invasiveness. These findings reveal concurrent overexpression of HOX genes with noncoding RNAs in human cancer in this setting, revealing miR-196a and HOTAIR as potentially useful biomarkers and therapeutic targets in malignant GISTs.