穴位注射鼠神经生长因子治疗脑性瘫痪视觉障碍疗效分析

目的 探讨穴位注射鼠神经生长因子(rnNGF)对脑性瘫痪视觉障碍患儿的临床疗效.方法 将152例脑瘫视觉障碍患儿随机分为观察组和对照组,每组76例.观察组采用常规康复加穴位注射mNGF治疗,对照组常规康复治疗加肌肉注射mNGF,治疗3个月.治疗前后进行闪光视觉诱发电位(FVEP)检测,判断综合疗效,并对数据进行统计学分析.结果 治疗前,两组患儿FVEP P100波潜伏期、振幅比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).治疗后两组患儿FVEP P100波潜伏期较治疗前均缩短,差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为10.0517、4.5493,均P＜0.05);FVEP P100波振幅较治疗前均提升,差异均具有统计学意义(f值分别为8.5281、6.0175,均P＜0.05);观察组FVEP P100波潜伏期、振幅较对照组明显改善,疗效显著,差异有统计学意义(f值分别为5.024、2.6807,均P＜0.05).结论 mNGF穴位注射治疗脑瘫视觉障碍有效,对视觉诱发电位的恢复有良好的作用.     

痉挛型脑瘫儿童伴随症状与瘫痪类型及功能的关联研究

【目的】 研究痉挛型脑瘫儿童常见伴随症状与瘫痪类型及粗大运动功能分级的关系。 【方法】 研究对象均来自2008年2月-2010年9月间加入scpchild脑瘫登记与系统管理数据库的大于4岁痉挛型脑瘫儿童,共计172名,其中男109例,女63例,平均年龄8.0岁,分析瘫痪类型、粗大运动功能分级(Gross Motor Function Classification System ,GMFCS)与常见伴随症状(癫痫、视觉障碍、听觉障碍、言语障碍)的关系。 【结果】 偏瘫和四肢瘫儿童的癫痫发生率明显高于双瘫,双瘫、四肢瘫儿童的视觉障碍明显多于偏瘫,四肢瘫儿童的言语障碍明显多于偏瘫和双瘫。四肢瘫儿童伴发多重障碍明显多于双瘫和偏瘫,GMFCS分级越高伴发多重障碍的发生率也越高,GMFCS分级I～III级较IV～V级的脑瘫儿童伴随症状明显发生较少。 【结论】 痉挛型脑瘫儿童伴随症状的发生率与脑瘫类型及粗大运动功能分级有关,在重症脑瘫儿童中伴发多重障碍的发生率明显增高。     

脑瘫患儿的社区管理

目的:通过对脑瘫患儿进行社区化管理,提高脑瘫患儿的康复效果。方法:2010年1月～2012年1月选取某社区25例脑瘫患儿作为研究对象,将患儿进行分组,其中观察组患儿15例,对照组患儿10例。观察组患儿进行社区化管理康复培训,对照组患儿进行普通家庭式康复训练。利用GMFM级别评分对患儿进行粗运动评分,比较两组患儿的康复效果。结果:两组患儿治疗前GMFM评分不存在统计学差异(P>0.05),而观察组患儿经过6个月的个体化社区管理康复化训练后,其GM-FM的评分明显高于对照组患儿(P<0.05)。结论:有效的社区化脑瘫患儿康复管理有助于脑瘫患儿身体功能的恢复,目前越来越受到社区脑瘫家庭的重视。     

学龄前脑性瘫痪儿童149例营养状况调查分析

目的 探讨学龄前脑性瘫痪儿童的营养不良状况及其与临床分型、分级之间的关系。方法 测量149例0～6岁脑性瘫痪住院患儿的身高、体重、血红蛋白值,计算其低体重、发育迟滞、消瘦及贫血率;并分析营养不良各项指标与脑瘫类型、临床分型、粗大运动功能分级(Gross Motor Function Classification System,GMFCS)之间的关系。与正常学龄前儿童的营养不良状况进行对比。结果 学龄前脑性瘫痪儿童低体重、发育迟滞、消瘦及贫血率分别为:31.54%、33.55%、41.28%、28.85%,其营养不良发生率均明显较正常儿童高。在不随意运动型脑瘫及痉挛型进行比较中,低体重及消瘦组差异存在统计学意义(P<0.05),发育迟缓与贫血在这两个组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。105例痉挛型脑性瘫痪儿童,其低体重、发育迟缓、消瘦、贫血的发生率分别为:26.6%、31.43%、24.76%、28.57%。营养不良与脑性瘫痪的分级在低体重、发育迟缓及消瘦分组中差异都有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 脑性瘫痪儿童的营养不良比正常学龄前儿童明显高。加强其营养不良的干预力度是非常有意义及势在必行的。     

脑梗死患者轻度肾功能损伤的相关研究

目的 探讨脑梗死患者轻度肾功能损伤的相关危险因素.方法 选择2012年6月至2013年6月收治的脑梗死患者150例,均行磁共振检查,详细记录患者的临床资料,并检测24 h尿微量白蛋白（mALB）,评估肾功能.根据mALB分为肾功能正常组（105例）及轻度肾功能损伤组（45例）.比较两组临床危险因素,并进行多因素回归分析.结果 轻度肾功能损伤组患者年龄大于肾功能正常组[（67.04±9.37）岁比（63.01±11.18）岁],高血压、多发性腔隙性脑梗死发生率高于肾功能正常组[57.8％（26/45）比33.3％（35/105）、57.8％（26/45）比22.9％（24/105）],脑白质疏松等级高于肾功能正常组,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05或＜0.01）.通过二分类的Logistic回归分析发现,高血压（OR=1.041,P=0.045）、脑白质疏松症（OR=2.048,P=0.000）是脑梗死患者轻度肾功能损伤的独立危险因素.结论 脑梗死患者轻度肾功能损伤发生率较高,与高血压及脑白质疏松症密切相关.早期检测脑梗死患者24 h mALB有重要的临床意义.     

早期干预对脑瘫高危儿运动发育预后的影响

目的 观察早期干预对脑瘫高危儿运动发育预后的影响, 探讨早期干预降低脑瘫发生率及提高运动发育程度的可能性。方法 对307例脑瘫高危儿进行随访。并对其中140例有脑损伤早期表现患儿进行干预。以Gesell测试的大运动及精细运动两个能区作为评价指标。结果 140例脑损伤早期表现患儿的大运动及精细运动在早期干预前后差异均有高度统计学意义(均P＜0.01)。随访结束后, 正常组儿童在大运动及精细运动方面均明显优于脑瘫组(P＜0.01)及对照组(P＜0.01);脑瘫组和对照组在精细运动方面的差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05), 在大运动方面的差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05)。结论 早期家庭干预对提高脑瘫高危儿运动发育水平起到十分重要的作用, 在一定程度上降低了脑瘫的严重程度, 尤其是在精细运动方面。     

高通量测序探讨脑瘫儿童肠道菌群的变化

目的 利用高通量测序方法,探讨脑瘫儿童肠道菌群的变化。方法 选择龙岗区社会福利中心诊断为脑瘫且正常进食的34例患儿作为脑瘫组;同时选取脑瘫伴癫痫且正常进食的20例患儿作为脑瘫伴癫痫组;另外选取同龄健康儿童22例作为健康组。留取所有受试者的粪便标本,提取总DNA并扩增,采用对16SrRNA基因进行高通量测序,对测序结果进行生物学分析。结果 1)健康组与脑瘫组、脑瘫伴癫痫组儿童相比肠道菌群结构差异有统计学意义(R²=0.410、P=0.001;R²=0.450、P=0.001),但脑瘫组与脑瘫伴癫痫组儿童相比肠道菌群结构较为相似,差异无统计学意义(R²=0.025、P=0.272)。2)脑瘫组和脑瘫伴癫痫组儿童肠道菌群中Prevotella丰度均明显增加(脑瘫组均值为32.68%,脑瘫伴癫痫组均值为34.34%)。结论 正常进食的脑瘫组、脑瘫伴癫痫组儿童中Prevotella丰度明显增加,Prevotella也许是脑瘫儿童的“保护菌属”。     

高通量测序探讨脑瘫儿童肠道菌群的变化

目的 利用高通量测序方法,探讨脑瘫儿童肠道菌群的变化。方法 选择龙岗区社会福利中心诊断为脑瘫且正常进食的34例患儿作为脑瘫组;同时选取脑瘫伴癫痫且正常进食的20例患儿作为脑瘫伴癫痫组;另外选取同龄健康儿童22例作为健康组。留取所有受试者的粪便标本,提取总DNA并扩增,采用对16SrRNA基因进行高通量测序,对测序结果进行生物学分析。结果 1)健康组与脑瘫组、脑瘫伴癫痫组儿童相比肠道菌群结构差异有统计学意义(R²=0.410、P=0.001;R²=0.450、P=0.001),但脑瘫组与脑瘫伴癫痫组儿童相比肠道菌群结构较为相似,差异无统计学意义(R²=0.025、P=0.272)。2)脑瘫组和脑瘫伴癫痫组儿童肠道菌群中Prevotella丰度均明显增加(脑瘫组均值为32.68%,脑瘫伴癫痫组均值为34.34%)。结论 正常进食的脑瘫组、脑瘫伴癫痫组儿童中Prevotella丰度明显增加,Prevotella也许是脑瘫儿童的“保护菌属”。     

综合治疗缺血性脑卒中的临床疗效

目的：探讨综合治疗缺血性脑卒中后遗症的疗效。方法：选取2011~2014年于某医院神经内科就诊的缺血性脑卒中患者60例,按就诊序号随机分成对照组和观察组,每组30例。对照组患者予以常规药物治疗,观察组患者在对照组基础上予以电针和肢体功能锻炼。治疗4个疗程后,比较两组患者神经功能缺损程度的评分和疗效。结果：观察组患者疗效明显高于对照组,观察组患者神经功能缺损评分明显低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论：综合治疗能有效改善缺血性脑卒中后遗症的神经功能缺损程度,提高临床疗效。     

122例脑瘫患儿屈光状态和斜弱视临床分析

目的了解脑瘫患儿屈光状态和斜弱视情况及特点,制定多学科的综合康复计划,促进患儿的视力能康复。方法对4~14岁的122例(244眼)脑瘫患儿进行眼部常规检查,眼位检查,散瞳验光等检查,并记录详细的既往病史。结果本组脑瘫患儿中屈光不正220眼,发生率90.2%,其中80%经屈光矫正视力提高2行及以上,并以复性远视散光、远视和混合散光为主。屈光不正状态在痉挛型和其他类型脑瘫患儿间差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。脑瘫患儿中斜弱视发生率13.1%,其中痉挛型脑瘫占50%,主要病因是早产及低出生体重。结论重视脑瘫患儿的屈光矫正,特别是复性远视散光和混合散光。痉挛型是斜弱视脑瘫患儿最主要的脑瘫类型。     

重症脑瘫240例临床分析

目的 通过对住院康复治疗240例重症脑瘫(cerebral palsy,CP)患儿临床特点进行分析,提高对重症CP的认识,并尽早防治。 方法 对资料完善的240例重症CP患儿围产史、生长发育史、症状、体征、影像学检查、电生理学检查、粗大运动功能评估量表和Peabody精细运动量表评估检查,进行回顾性研究分析。结果 240例CP患儿中痉挛型103例(42.9%),不随意运动型81例(33.8%),混合型49例(20.4%),肌张力低下型7例(2.9%),粗大运动功能分级均在Ⅳ级以上;主要高危致病因素为早产(37.9%),宫内缺氧(20.4%),病理性黄疸(15.8%);90%患儿合并智力低下,44%患儿合并视觉障碍,8.3%合并听觉障碍,27.1%存在症状性癫痫,42.9%患儿因吞咽功能障碍导致营养不良;其大脑形态学损伤以白质容积减少,髓鞘化延迟,脑室周围白质软化,多发性脑软化,脑发育不良,基底节病变为主。 结论重症CP致病因素复杂多样,运动功能严重受限,多伴有一种甚至多种并发障碍,认识这些疾病的高危因素和并发症的损害,有利于更好地防治重症CP。     

针灸结合桂枝汤治疗脑瘫患儿汗证30例疗效观察

目的 观察针灸配合桂枝汤加味治疗脑瘫患儿汗证的临床疗效.方法 选择2014年1月至2016年5月陕西中医药大学附属西安中医脑病医院住院的脑瘫患儿伴有汗证者60例为研究对象,以随机数字法分为治疗组和对照组,每组30例.治疗组患者应用针灸配合桂枝汤治疗,对照组患者应用虚汗停颗粒治疗,两组患者均治疗10天,治疗前后均参照有关文献进行评定观察,比较两组治疗效果.结果 治疗组出汗评分值为2.0±4.6,显著低于对照组的4.3±2.7,差异有统计学意义(t=2.362,P<0.05).治疗组的有效率为93.3%(28/30),显著高于对照组的70.0%(21/30),χ2=2.362,P<0.05.结论 桂枝汤加味配合针灸治疗脑瘫患儿汗证疗效明显,值得临床推广应用.     

Mealtime interaction patterns between young children with cerebral palsy and their mothers: characteristics and relationship to feeding impairment

Background A significant proportion of children with cerebral palsy have some degree of feeding impairment, which not only affects their ability to obtain adequate nourishment, but may also impinge on their ability to interact with their mothers during mealtimes. The quality of the maternal–child interaction may also be affected by the mealtime being prolonged and/or stressful. Patterns of interaction between mothers and their children with cerebral palsy have typically been described in play situations. There is limited information about interaction during mealtimes. The purpose of this study therefore, was to observe and describe the characteristics of mealtime interaction between mothers and their young children with cerebral palsy, and to determine whether feeding impairment and other sample characteristics were related to interaction patterns. Methods The participants were 20 mothers and their children with cerebral palsy. Physical, cognitive, and feeding abilities varied. Video recordings of each mother–child dyad interacting during a typical mealtime were analysed in order to describe the structure of the interaction, the communicative functions used, and what method the children used to communicate. The characteristics of the interaction were summarized and compared and the relationship between feeding ability and other child factors and interaction patterns were explored. Results Results revealed that interactions were maternally dominated. Mothers produced most of the communicative behaviour during the mealtime and used more directive functions than their children. The severity of feeding impairment was related to child patterns of interaction, but not to maternal interaction patterns. Language delay was also related to interaction patterns. Conclusions The results of this study highlight the importance for professionals to consider mealtime interactions for children with cerebral palsy and their mothers as an integral part of feeding investigations and ongoing interventions, as feeding impairment does seem to have a bearing on aspects of interaction.     

脑瘫患儿家长相关知识知晓率和需求调查

目的:了解脑性瘫痪(简称脑瘫)患儿家长对脑瘫相关知识知晓情况和需求。方法:随机抽取确诊脑瘫患儿的家庭并随机抽取等例数、条件类似的健康儿童的家庭作对照,采用统一的调查问卷,对其家长调查脑瘫相关知识知晓情况和需求;对脑瘫患儿的家长进行患儿诊疗前家长对脑瘫知识知晓情况的回顾调查。共调查家长426例,其中脑瘫组213例,父亲66例,母亲147例,文化程度为初中及初中以下54.9%,高中及高中以上45.1%;对照组213例,父亲71例,母亲142例,文化程度为初中及初中以下50.7%,高中及高中以上49.3%。结果:脑瘫知识知晓率脑瘫组(71.83%)高于对照组(6.10%),有显著性差异(P<0.05);脑瘫组知识均分(64.77分)高于对照组(37.24分);脑瘫组在患儿诊疗前知识均分(35.01分)与现在对照组知识均分(37.24分)无明显差异,提示脑瘫知识是在诊疗接触过程中获得。两组均有50%以上家长表示对脑瘫知识的需求,80%以上家长表示对预防知识需求,50%以上家长表示对"配备社区医疗服务中心专业技术医护人员"让脑瘫患儿就地长期康复治疗的意向。结论:广泛开展脑瘫防治知识的健康教育,健全社区医疗服务中心,有利于脑瘫的防治。     

Assessing the contribution of birth asphyxia to cerebral palsy in term singletons

Summary. In a geographically-based study, we investigated the risk of cerebral palsy following intrapartum asphyxia at term, and the contribution of intrapartum asphyxia at term to the overall rate of cerebral palsy. We used stringent criteria for identifying intrapartum asphyxia, while recognising that the initial hypoxial insult might have occurred in the antenatal period.
In the first part of the investigation, a cohort of 160 term, singleton infants, with a low (≤ 3) 1-minute Apgar score, was followed to the age of 5 years. Six infants in the cohort had presumed intrapartum asphyxia, of whom two died in the neonatal period, three had spastic quadriparesis, profound developmental delay and visual impairment, and one was unimpaired. The frequency of cerebral palsy associated with birth asphyxia was estimated as one in 3700 full-term livebirths.
To assess the impact of birth asphyxia on the overall rate of cerebral palsy, all cases of cerebral palsy born in the study period were identified. Of the 30 cases, the three identified in the follow-up study were the only ones whose impairment could be attributed to birth asphyxia in a full-term birth. Birth asphyxia at term therefore was associated with 10% [95% confidence interval (CI) 2.1,26.5] of all cases of cerebral palsy and with 20% (95% CI 4.3,48.1) of the 15 cases of cerebral palsy in children born at term.     

脑性瘫痪患儿共患癫痫的危险因素

目的 了解脑瘫患儿高危因素、临床特点及其与癫痫发生的关系,探讨脑瘫患儿共患癫痫的危险因素。方法 回顾性收集从2019年1月—2022年2月在郑州大学第三附属医院住院治疗的脑瘫患儿的病例资料,将患儿分为脑瘫共患癫痫组和未共患癫痫组,采用χ²检验分析两组间高危因素、临床特点等资料,应用多因素Logistic回归对共患癫痫的危险因素进行分析。结果 共纳入630例脑瘫患儿,其中男421例,女209例;脑瘫共患癫痫组患儿155例,未共患癫痫组患儿475例,癫痫发生率24.6%。脑瘫共患癫痫组患儿在宫内窘迫、窒息、多胎及新生儿先天性畸形史方面的发生率高于未共患癫痫组患儿(χ²=4.788、9.368、5.255、12.111,P<0.05),两组患儿在脑瘫分型、头颅MRI分类、粗大运动功能分级方面差异有统计学意义(χ²=213.686、14.640、481.531,P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归结果显示,痉挛型四肢瘫(OR=14.090,95%CI:1.950～101.813)、新生儿先天性畸形史(OR=1....     

Children with cerebral palsy: severity and trends over time

Increasingly, more very-low-birthweight infants in the developed world are now expected to survive the neonatal period than was previously the case. There are concerns that there may be a related increase in the number of infants developing severe sensorimotor impairments. Pooled data from five registers contributing to the UK Network of Cerebral Palsy Registers, Surveys and Databases were used to identify patterns of motor impairment in relation to additional impairments and to birthweight, and to assess whether prevalence of cerebral palsy (CP) by birthweight and by severity of motor impairment had changed over time. Low-birthweight infants are at greater risk of developing CP than larger-birthweight babies.
The CP rate amongst children with birthweights <2500 g was significantly higher at 16 per 1000 livebirths [95% confidence interval (CI) 14.9, 16.2] than 1.2 per 1000 livebirths [95% CI 11, 1.2] for normal-birthweight children. Despite being at greater risk of developing CP, smaller-birthweight babies are proportionately less likely to develop the most severe forms of motor impairment. Of those born weighing ≥2500 g, 23% compared with 15% weighing <1000 g ( P  < 0.001) were in the most severely motor impaired group. Severe motor impairment is associated with higher levels of additional impairments. CP rates for each motor impairment group in the 1990s were similar to those in the late 1970s. Rates of CP among infants born below normal birthweight are high but have decreased over time. The CP rate for infants weighing 1000–1499 g at birth decreased from around 180 per 1000 livebirths in 1979 to around 50 per 1000 livebirths from the early 1990s onwards.     

小儿智力糖浆在脑瘫患儿中的治疗作用

目的:探讨中成药小儿智力糖浆对脑性瘫痪(cerebral palsy,CP)患儿运动、语言与认知行为发展的影响。方法:90例CP患儿随机分为对照组45例,采用常规神经生理学疗法,疗程3个月;治疗组45例,采用常规神经生理学疗法加小儿智力糖浆口服,疗程3个月。比较两组患儿治疗前后的Gesell儿童发育量表、Bayley婴幼儿发展量表的评分结果。结果:治疗3个月后治疗组患儿Gesell儿童发育量表的应物能、应人能、语言能和Bayley婴幼儿发展量表的智力指数与对照组比较,差异显著或非常显著(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论:小儿智力糖浆可能对CP患儿的认知行为和语言有一定程度的改善作用。     

脑性瘫痪伴痉挛痛患儿的生存质量调查研究

目的评估脑性瘫痪伴痉挛痛患儿的生存质量情况,为制定更恰当的治疗和干预措施提供依据。方法采用横断面病例对照研究设计。使用儿童生存质量测定量表(Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory TMversion 4.0,PedsQLTM4.0)中文版普适性核心量表(家长报告表)对54名脑性瘫痪伴痉挛痛患儿和100名正常儿童的生存质量进调查。结果脑性瘫痪伴痉挛痛患儿PedsQLTM4.0生存质量的四个亚量表及总分均比正常组得分低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。不同性别及不同年龄组(2~4、5~7、8~13岁)患儿的四个亚量表及总分比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);GMFCS分级的比较1~2级的生理功能、心理功能的得分比3~5级的明显高(P0.05),其它三个区域的得分差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。脑性瘫痪伴痉挛痛PedsQLTM4.0生存质量的的生理功能与学校功能的得分与GMFM-88的总分成正相关(r=0.478,0.413,P0.05)。结论脑性瘫痪伴痉挛痛患儿的生存质量较正常儿童的差,其生存质量与其脑性瘫痪的大运动功能有明显的相关性。     

The lifestyle assessment questionnaire: an instrument to measure the impact of disability on the lives of children with cerebral palsy and their families

Suitable measures of health and morbidity are less readily available for children than they are for adults. We present a measure, which is used to describe the impact of impairment and disability on the lives of children with cerebral palsy and their families. The development of this measure involved data collected from 691 children with cerebral palsy contained within the North-East England Cerebral Palsy Register and born between 1960 and 1985. Uniquely, multidimensional scaling techniques were used to derive dimensions analogous with those described in the International Classification of Impairments, Disabilities, and Handicaps. We present the analyses undertaken to test the properties of the tool, which show that it is a reliable and valid measure of the disadvantages experienced by children with cerebral palsy.