MYBPC3基因G12101A和MYH7基因G15391A突变与肥厚型心肌病临床表型

目的 研究中国人家族性肥厚型心肌病(HCM)的致病基因突变位点,分析基因型与临床表型的相互关系.方法 在2个中国汉族HCM家系中进行心脏肌钙蛋白T基因(TNNT2)、心脏肌球蛋白结合蛋白C基因(MYBPC3)和心脏β-肌球蛋白重链基因(MYH7)的突变筛查,聚合酶链式反应(PCR)扩增基因功能区外显子片段并对PCR产物进行测序分析.结果 在ZZJ家系接受调查的8名成员中有4名成员携带MYBPC3基因G12101A杂合突变,该突变位点位于MYBPC3基因的21号外显子并使668位的精氨酸(R)转换为组氨酸(H),携带该突变的家族成员发病年龄较晚且均无梗阻及晕厥史.在FHL家系接受调查的6名成员中有3名成员携带MYH7基因G15391A杂合突变,该突变位点位于MYH7基因的23号外显子并使930位的谷氨酸(E)转换为赖氨酸(K),该突变导致的临床表型呈现发病年龄早、梗阻率高以及外显率高的特点.两家系成员TNNT2基因未发现突变,且正常对照组相同位置未发现异常.结论 MYBPC3基凶和MYH7基因是我国家族性HCM的致病基因,MYBPC3基因G12101A突变所致HCM临床症状相对较轻,而MYH7基因G15391A突变所致HCM临床症状出现早、进展较快且预后较差,是一种恶性突变.     

心脏型肌球蛋白结合蛋白C基因13261 G＞A突变导致肥厚型心肌病的临床表型分析

目的研究中国人肥厚型心肌病致病基因,分析基因型与临床表型的关系。方法在一肥厚型心肌病家系中进行心脏型肌球蛋白结合蛋白C基因（MYBPC3）和β-肌球蛋白重链基因（MYH7）突变筛查,利用聚合酶链反应（PCR）扩增其功能区的外显子片段,双脱氧末段终止法测序。家系调查资料包括临床表现、体格检查、心脏超声和心电图。结果在该家系27例有血缘关系的研究对象中9例携带MYBPC3 13261 G〉A（G758D）突变,正常对照组同一位置未见异常。该突变位点是MYBPC3基因第23号外显子的甘氨酸突变为天冬氨酸,其中2例携带者发病,一例表现为心室扩大,左室射血分数减低等扩张型心肌病样表现,伴室间隔不对称肥厚,厚度为14mm,另外一例患者为典型的肥厚型心肌病表现。MYH7基因未发现突变。结论MYBPC3基因13261 G〉A突变是该肥厚型心肌病家系的致病突变,其外显率为22％,其中一例患者表现为肥厚型心肌病的扩张相,MYBPC3基因G758D突变可能是肥厚型心肌病进展为扩张型心肌病样改变的原因之一。对临床表现为扩张型心肌病的患者进行家族史调查及基因检查十分必要。     

心脏型肌钙蛋白Ⅰ基因4693 C/T突变导致家族性心尖部肥厚型心肌病

目的 研究中国人肥厚型心肌病(HCM)致病基因,分析基因型与临床表型的关系.方法 在一HCM家系中进行心脏型肌钙蛋白Ⅰ基因(TNNI3)、心脏型肌钙蛋白T基因(TNNT2)、心脏型肌球蛋白结合蛋白C基因(MYBPC3)和β-肌球蛋白重链基因(MYH7)突变筛查,利用聚合酶链反应(PCR)扩增其功能区的外显子片段,双脱氧末段终止法测序.家系调查资料包括临床表现、体格检查、心脏超声和心电图.结果 在该家系接受家系调查的8例有亲缘关系的对象中5例携带TNNI3 4693C/T(R145W)突变,全部发病,外显率100%.正常对照组同一位置未见异常,该突变位点使TNNI3基因第7号外显子143位的精氨酸变为色氨酸,5例患者中4例表现为心尖部肥厚为主,1例表现为室间隔基底段肥厚为主,临床症状表现为轻微的胸闷.MYH7、MYBPC3及TNNT2基因未发现突变.结论 TNNI3基因4693C/T突变是该HCM家系的致病突变,其外显率为100%.其携带者主要表现为心尖部肥厚为主,临床表型较好.对于心尖部肥厚为主的HCM家系有必要进行TNNI3的突变筛查.     

β肌球蛋白重链基因Asn391Thr突变导致家族性肥厚型心肌病的基因型与临床表型分析

目的研究家族性肥厚型心肌病（HCM）致病基因突变位点,分析基因型与临床表型的联系。方法利用靶向捕获加二代测序,对1个HCM家系的先证者进行26个致病基因的筛查。二代测序发现的突变,利用双脱氧末端终止法测序进行验证,并对家族中其他成员进行该突变位点的筛查,并分析其临床表型特点。结果遗传筛查发现先证者携带β肌球蛋白重链基因（MYH7）．c．1172A〉C（Asn391Thr）突变,该突变位于MYH7基因第12号外显子,导致β肌球蛋白重链的第391位氨基酸残基由天冬酰胺变为苏氨酸。该家系中接受调查的22例对象中8例携带MYH7基因Asn391Thr突变,其中6例患者均携带该突变,突变与疾病呈共分离,且在307名对照者中没有检出。携带者中有3例出现呼吸困难、心悸、胸痛、黑噱等心功能不全表现,所有患者发病年龄均小于40岁,其中Ⅱ9小于8岁（见图1）。家系中有4人早逝（〈50岁）,其中3人确诊为HCM。结论MYH7基因Asn391Thr错义突变为HCM的一个恶性致病突变,携带该突变的患者应进行较积极的治疗和猝死预防。     

“良性”MYH7基因Val606Met突变导致恶性肥厚型心肌病

目的研究汉族人群家族性肥厚型心肌病的致病基因突变位点,分析基因型与临床表型的关系。方法采集1个家族性肥厚型心肌病(HCM)家系成员的血液样本,并收集临床表型资料;对该家系先证者的28个HCM相关致病基因利用高通量测序进行靶向重测序;利用Sanger测序在家系成员中检测发现的致病突变位点;分析致病突变携带者的临床表型特点。结果高通量测序和Sanger测序发现并证实先证者携带β肌球蛋白重链基因(MYH7)Val606Met杂合错义突变,该突变在307名正常对照未检出;其他27个HCM相关致病基因中,未检出致病突变。家系遗传筛查发现3例HCM患者均携带MYH7基因Val606Met错义突变,该突变与HCM共分离。该家系3例HCM患者伴有心悸、胸痛、黑矇、晕厥等症状,先证者已经出现严重的心力衰竭,接受心脏移植后上述症状消失,生活质量明显改善。该家系另有2名成员在调查前发生心源性猝死。结论虽然有报道MYH7基因Val606Met错义突变为良性突变,但在本研究家系中,易导致早发心衰和猝死。因突变引起的终末期心衰接受心脏移植可能为最佳的治疗手段。     

MYH7基因Glu931del突变导致恶性肥厚型心肌病

目的 本研究拟查明1个中国汉族肥厚型心肌病（HCM）家系的致病突变,并探讨基因型-表型关联。方法 利用二代测序技术,全面筛查家系先证者的28个HCM相关致病基因。通过Sanger测序,在家系中验证和筛查发现的可能致病突变,并对突变携带者进行表型分析。结果 二代测序发现先证者携带MYH7基因Glu931del杂合突变。家系筛查发现4名患者均携带该突变,突变与疾病共分离,该突变为此HCM家系的致病突变,常染色体显性遗传。Glu931del突变位于MYH7基因第23外显子,三个核苷酸缺失（c.2791_2793del GAG）,导致其所编码的心脏β-肌球蛋白重链的第931位谷氨酸缺失。MYH7基因第931位谷氨酸残基在不同物种间高度保守。临床表型分析发现,家系中4例患者的左心室最厚厚度在19mm-30mm之间,静息状态均无明显左室流出道梗阻,表现为胸痛、心悸和呼吸困难,并伴黑曚或有晕厥史。该家系另有两例患者在家系筛查前发生猝死,确诊年龄分别为5岁和6岁,死亡年龄均为16岁。该家系随访12年,HCM临床症状进展较快,1例患者左心室最大厚度由7mm发展为30mm,两例患者心功能进展为NYHA分级Ⅲ/Ⅳ级。结论 MYH7基因Glu931del突变导致的HCM表型较严重,易发生猝死和心衰,但也存在较大的表型异质性。二代高通量测序可以用于HCM致病基因的全面筛查。     

目标基因捕获测序技术鉴定肥厚型心肌病致病突变的研究

目的:利用目标基因靶向捕获高通量测序方法鉴定肥厚型心肌病(hypertrophic cardiomyopathy,HCM)致病突变,并进行基因型-临床表型的分析,以期对临床诊治提供参考依据。方法:连续收集10例HCM患者血液与临床资料。提取全血基因组DNA、文库制备,靶向富集8个编码肌小节蛋白的HCM的致病基因,并行高通量测序。结果:10例患者[平均年龄为(46±7.9)岁,女性占50%]中,4例患者发现5个基因突变位点。双突变(TNNT2 R286H和MYH7 R663H)携带者具有HCM家族史,发病早,左心室重度肥厚,心电图呈现传导阻滞。MYBPC3 D770N和MYBPC3 S236G突变携带者发病年龄晚,左心室肥厚程度较轻。MYH7 R869C突变携带者年龄大,左心室肥厚程度较重,心电图呈现明显左心室肥大证据。结论:对10例HCM患者利用目标基因捕获测序技术筛选出5个致病突变。携带不同突变的患者其临床表型不一致,这对患者的预后和治疗提供了有利的依据。     

心脏肌球蛋白结合蛋白C基因c.G772A突变与家族性肥厚型心肌病

目的:研究中国人肥厚型心肌病(HCM)患者致病基因突变位点,并分析基因型与临床表型的关系。方法:在HCM家系中利用靶向外显子捕获测序的方法对HCM先证者的30个与遗传性心肌病相关的基因进行全外显子扩增和高通量测序,进一步通过Sanger测序法在家系内及200例健康志愿者中进行验证。家系调查资料包括临床表现、体格检查、心电图及超声心动图。结果:该家系6例有血缘关系的研究对象中3例携带心脏型肌球蛋白结合蛋白C基因(MYBPC3)c.G772A杂合突变,该突变位点位于MYBPC3的258位的谷氨酸(E)变为赖氨酸(K)。其余家系成员未发现此突变。200例健康志愿者中未见异常。先证者及其女儿发病年龄晚且均伴有心悸、胸闷的症状,超声心动图示室间隔基底段增厚(16~18 mm)。先证者目前伴有阵发性室性心动过速恶性心律失常及心力衰竭,左心室流出道最大压差为56 mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa),属于猝死高危人群。结论:全面基因检测有利于临床危险分层及早诊治。MYBPC3的剪切位点突变c.G772A可能是该HCM家系的致病突变。     

心脏型肌球蛋白结合蛋白C基因c.2469-3_-4insAG和c.2469-5_-6insT突变与肥厚型心肌病的关系

目的 研究中国人群肥厚型心肌病(Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy,HCM)患者的致病基因突变位点,为遗传咨询提供证据。方法 对HCM先证者行26个HCM相关基因全部外显子及邻近区靶向高通量测序,对基因突变家系成员和80名健康志愿者行Sanger测序,以验证基因突变位点。采集分析HCM患者及其家系成员临床症状、体征、超声心动图、心电图等信息。结果 该家系两名成员的心脏型肌球蛋白结合蛋白C基因（cardiac myosin binding protein-C3,MYBPC3）内含子区域中均同时携带c.2469-3_-4insAG和c.2469-5_-6insT两个插入突变,该家系其余成员及80名健康志愿者中未检出异常突变基因。两名基因突变携带者均为HCM患者,且发病年龄晚,有心慌、胸闷症状,心脏超声提示室间隔肥厚。结论 基因突变功能预测,提示MYBPC3 c.2469-3_-4insAG和c.2469-5_-6insT基因突变可引起蛋白特性及剪接位点的改变,可能是家族性肥厚型心肌病的致病突变位点。     

心脏肌球蛋白结合蛋白C基因1811518116insGCAGG突变导致肥厚型心肌病特点分析

目的观察肥厚型心肌病（HCM）患者中心脏肌球蛋白结合蛋白C基因（MYBPC3）插入突变的特点。方法在100例HCM患者中对MYBPC3的所有外显子及其侧翼内含子序列进行基因扫描,聚合酶链反应（PCR）扩增目的片段,双脱氧末段终止法测序。对突变患者进行家系调查,分析其表型特点。结果在一先证者及其一个家系成员中发现一个位于外显子29的五核苷酸插入突变（18115-18116ins-GCAGG）,序列分析发现1032位缬氨酸后发生了移码突变（p.Vall032fs）,造成先证者60岁发病,超声心动图上表现为室间隔重度不对称性心肌肥厚（35mm）。结论插入突变是MYBPC3基因突变的特点,18115-18116insGCAGG导致的HCM表型发病晚,心肌肥厚程度重。     

十个汉族家族性肥厚型心肌病MYH7、MYBPC3和TNNT2基因筛查结果及相应的临床特征

目的研究10个汉族家族性肥厚型心肌病的致病基因及突变特点,分析基因型与临床表型的相互关系。方法对10个无血缘关系的汉族家族性肥厚型心肌病的家系的MYH7基因、MYBPC3基因和TNNT2基因进行扫描,聚合酶链式反应扩增其外显子及剪接部位基因组DNA片段,直接测序分析,并分析各突变患者相应临床表型特点。结果10个汉族家族性肥厚型心肌病的家系中5个家系发现上述基因突变,3个家系MYH7基因发生错义突变,分别为Arg663His、Glu924Lys和Ile736Thr,Glu924Lya在中国患者中首次发现。这3个家系中3例患者猝死;2个家系MYBPC3基因发生错义突变、剪接突变和移码突变,1个家系先证者为复合突变即18外显子错义突变ArgS02Trp及27外显子剪接突变即IVS27＋12C〉T,先证者之母携带错义突变,先证者之父携带剪接突变;在另一家系首次发现Gly347fa移码突变,该家系中1例猝死。10个家系中未发现TNNT2基因的功能区突变,但在内含子3中发现一个STR多态性即CTTCT5个碱基的插入／缺失,7个家系先证者发现D基因型。结论MYH7基因为中国汉族家族性肥厚型心肌病最常见致病基因,临床表现较重,猝死率较高。MYBPC3突变也较常见,症状较轻,发病较晚,但复合突变发病早、症状重。同一突变的临床表型存在异质性提示多因素参与了肥厚型心肌病的发生与发展。     

Worse prognosis with gene mutations of beta-myosin heavy chain than myosin-binding protein C in Chinese patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

BACKGROUND: No data are available on survival analysis and longitudinal evolution of patients with gene mutations of beta-myosin heavy chain (MYH7) and myosin binding protein C (MYBPC3) in Chinese. HYPOTHESIS: To prospectively investigate whether different gene mutations confer distinct prognosis. METHODS: We performed a prospective study in 70 HCM patients and 46 genetically affected family members without HCM-phenotype with direct DNA sequencing of MYH7 and MYBPC3, clinical assessments, and 5.8 +/- 1.8 years follow-up. RESULTS: After follow-up, more surgical intervention (8/52 versus 0/18, p < 0.001), higher sudden death risk (7/52 versus 0/18, p < 0.001) and shorter life span were found in patients with MYH7 mutations than in patients with MYBPC3 mutations (45.1 +/- 14.0 versus 73.5 +/- 7.5 years, p = 0.03). Seven of the 27 mutation carriers of MYH7 had clinical presentations of HCM, but no carriers of MYBPC3 mutations developed to HCM during follow-up. Maximal wall thickness was thicker in the patients carrying mutations in the global region of MYH7 than in those carrying mutations in the rod region of MYH7 (21.5 +/- 6.6 versus 15 +/- 6.1 mm, p < 0.05) at baseline. More sudden death (7/41 versus 0/11) and left ventricular dysfunction (NYHA Class III approximately IV, 17/32 versus 1/10) were identified in patients with mutations in the global region of MYH7 than in patients with other mutations. CONCLUSIONS: MYH7 mutations, especially in the global region, cause malignant clinical phenotypes.     

Novel deletions in MYH7 and MYBPC3 identified in Indian families with familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Mutations causing familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) have been described in at least 11 genes encoding cardiac sarcomeric proteins. In this study, three previously unknown deletions have been identified in the human cardiac genes coding for beta-myosin heavy chain (MYH7 on chromosome 14) and myosin-binding protein-C (MYBPC3 on chromosome 11). In family MM, a 3-bp deletion in MYH7 was detected to be associated with loss of glutamic acid in position 927 (DeltaE927) of the myosin rod. In two other families (HH and NP, related by a common founder) a 2-bp loss in codon 453 (exon 16) of MYBPC3 was identified as the presumable cause of a translation reading frame shift. Taken together 15 living mutation carriers were investigated. Six deceased family members (with five cases of premature sudden cardiac death (SCD) in families MM and NP) were either obligate or suspected mutation carriers. In addition to these mutations a 25-bp deletion in intron 32 of MYBPC3 was identified in family MM (five carriers) and in a fourth family (MiR, one HCM patient, three deletion carriers). In agreement with the loss of the regular splicing branch point in the altered intron 32, a splicing deficiency was observed in an exon trapping experiment using MYBPC3 exon 33 as a test substrate. Varying disease profiles assessed using standard clinical, ECG and echocardiographic procedures in conjunction with mutation analysis led to the following conclusions: (1) In family MM the DeltaE927 deletion in MYH7 was assumed to be associated with complete penetrance. Two cases of reported SCD might have been related to this mutation. (2) The two families, HH and NP, distantly related by a common founder, and both suffering from a 2-bp deletion in exon 16 of MYBPC3 differed in their average phenotypes. In family NP, four cases of cardiac death were documented, whereas no cardiac-related death was reported from family HH. These results support the notion that mutations in HCM genes may directly determine disease penetrance and severity; however, a contribution of additional, unidentified factors (genes) to the HCM phenotype can-at least in some cases-not be excluded. (3) The deletion in intron 32 of MYBPC3 was seen in two families, but in both its relation to disease was not unequivocal. In addition, this deletion was observed in 16 of 229 unrelated healthy individuals of the population of the South Indian states of Kerala and Tamil Nadu. It was not seen in 270 Caucasians from Russia and western Europe. Hence, it is considered to represent a regional genetic polymorphism restricted to southern India. The association of the deletion with altered splicing in transfected cells suggests that this deletion may create a "modifying gene", which is per se not or only rarely causing HCM, but which may enhance the phenotype of a mutation responsible for disease.     

家族性肥厚型心肌病MYH7基因突变的筛查与分析

目的 研究家族性肥厚型心肌病(hypertrophic cardiomyopathy,HCM)的主要致病基因β肌球蛋白重链(beta-myosin heavy chain gene,MYH7)突变,并分析基因型与表型的关系.方法 对3个HCM家系成员的MYH7基因3～23号外显子及附近上下游序列采用DHPLC及直接测序分析.结果 在其中一个家系中发现MYH7基因14号外显子中存在Thr441Met突变,该突变曾经在一莱恩远端肌病患者中发现,而在中国人中是首次发现.另外两个家系也发现有不同位点的突变.结论 MYH7基因在HCM家系中具有较高的突变率,不同突变基因型以及基因突变携带个体在临床表型上有所差异.采取基因突变检测和分析,有利于HCM家族成员的诊断、患病风险预测及疾病早期预防和治疗.

Abstract：

Objective To detect gene mutations on beta-myosin heavy chain gene MYH7 in 3 Chinese families with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy ( HCM), and to analyze the correlation between genotype and phenotype. Methods A denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC) and sequencing mutation screening of the exons ( exon3-23 ) coding for MYH7 gene were performed in 3 Chinese families with HCM. Results In this study, we identified several mutations in MYHT. A mutation of Thr441 Met previously reported in a patient with Laing distal myopathy was first identified in one Chinese pedigree. Conclusion This study illustrated the high frequency of mutation in MYH7 gene in Chinese HCM families. Different mutations and carriers of the MYH7 gene present phenotypic heterogeneity. Mutation screening and analysis in HCM family could therefore facilitate the early HCM diagnosis and would be helpful for the prediction, prevention and early treatment of HCM linked with MYH7 gene mutation.     

心脏型肌球蛋白结合蛋白CG416S突变导致肥厚型心肌病

目的观察肥厚型心肌病(HCM)患者心脏型肌球蛋白结合蛋白CG416S突变导致肥厚型心肌病的特点。方法在100例HCM患者中对心脏型肌球蛋白结合蛋白C基因(MYBPC3)的所有外显子及其侧翼内含子序列进行基因扫描,聚合酶链反应(PCR)扩增目的片段,双脱氧末段终止法测序。分析携带基因突变患者的表型特点。结果在一例患者中发现MYBPC3第8697G>A基因突变,该突变位于外显子15,造成了心脏型肌球蛋白结合蛋白C第416位的甘氨酸转变成丝氨酸(G416S),该位置位于保守区。患者65岁时出现活动后胸痛不适,无高危因素。结论心脏型肌球蛋白结合蛋白CG416S错义突变能够导致HCM,携带该突变的患者表型轻、预后好。     

Two novel mutations of the MYBPC3 gene identified in Chinese families with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

BACKGROUND:

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is one of the most common genetic cardiovascular disorders. Mutations in the MYBPC3 gene are one of the most frequent genetic causes of HCM.

OBJECTIVES:

To screen MYBPC3 gene mutations in Chinese patients with HCM, and analyze the correlation between the genotype and the phenotype.

METHODS:

The 35 exons of the MYBPC3 gene were amplified by polymerase chain reaction in the 11 consecutive unrelated Chinese pedigrees. The sequences of the products were analyzed and the mutation sites were determined. The clinical data of genotype-positive families were collected, and the correlation between genotype and phenotype was analyzed.

RESULTS:

Two mutations of the MYBPC3 gene were confirmed among 11 pedigrees. A frameshift mutation (Pro459fs) was identified in exon 17 in family H8, and a splice mutation (IVS5+5G→C) was identified in intron 5 in family H3. These two mutations were first identified in Chinese patients with familial HCM and were absent in 110 chromosomes of healthy controls. Seven known polymorphisms were found in the cohort.

CONCLUSIONS:

Compared with what was reported abroad, the MYBPC3 gene is a common pathogenic gene responsible for HCM in Chinese patients, and the phenotypes of these two mutations in their respective families may have their own clinical characteristics.     

心脏肌球蛋白结合蛋白C基因S236G新突变致肥厚型心肌病表型研究

目的 研究中国人肥厚型心肌病的致病基因突变位点,寻找国人特有的热点突变并分析基因型与临床表型的相互关系.方法 在100例肥厚型心肌病患者以及120名健康对照者中进行心脏型肌球蛋白结合蛋白C(MYBPC3)基因突变筛查,聚合酶链式反应(PCR)扩增基因功能区外显子片段并对PCR产物进行测序分析.结果 在3例肥厚型心肌病患者中发现MYBPC3基因第6号外显子第706位碱基由T转换为C,结果导致第236位的丝氨酸(Ser,s)转变为甘氨酸(Gly,G),正常对照组相同位置未发现异常.该突变在西方人中未见报道,携带该突变的肥厚型心肌病患者呈现不同的临床表型.结论 首次在中国人肥厚型心肌病患者中发现MYBPC3基因S236G突变,其在中国人肥厚型心肌病患者中占有一定的比例,是热点突变之一.