眼眶植物性异物的影像学表现

目的分析眼眶植物性异物的影像学表现,为临床治疗提供帮助。设计回顾性病例系列。研究对象手术证实眼眶内植物性异物患者10例。方法对10例眼眶植物性异物患者行CT检查,轴位CT扫描5例、冠位CT扫描1例,轴位 冠位CT扫描4例。2例行MRI。对上述病例的影像学表现进行回顾性分析。主要指标眼眶植物性异物的急性期、亚急性期和慢性期的CT和MRI表现。结果急性期2例CT显示植物性异物为低密度,周围无软组织增生;亚急性期4例(包括1例上述急性期病例转为亚急性期者)CT显示植物性异物为低密度伴周围炎性软组织增生;慢性期6例(包括1例上述急性期病例转为慢性期者)CT显示植物性异物为高密度机化影,周围有炎性肉芽肿包裹。1例亚急性期异物MRI在T_1WI、T_2WI显示偏低信号,1例慢性期肉芽肿在T_1WI、T_2WI显示为中等信号。结论CT扫描对于急性期、亚急性和慢性期植物性异物均能明确诊断,MRI没有明显优势。(眼科,2007,16:323-325)     

眼眶异物的临床特点和手术治疗

目的总结眼眶异物的临床特点和手术治疗方法。方法回顾性系列病例研究。分析中山大学中山眼科中心2002年1月至2013年7月期间诊治的22例眼眶异物患者的资料,对其临床表现、影像学资料和手术治疗方法进行统计。结果22例患者中,男19例,女3例;年龄3~67岁,≤14岁者占46%;右眼眶10例,左眼眶12例。植物性异物占73%,异物位置以眼眶上部最多,占41%;其次分别为内侧（27%）、外侧（18%）、下部（9%）和锥后段（4%）。术前视力损害占50%,眼球运动受限、斜视和上睑下垂占46%。眼眶CT和MRI显示植物性异物均有条状、棒状等高密度异物影或低信号异物影。全部病例均完整取出异物,其中前路开眶21例,侧壁开眶1例;21例行1次手术,1例行2次手术;所有患者术后随访期内均没有出现新增视力下降和眼球运动受限,仅2例有暂时性轻度上睑下垂。结论眼眶异物以男性儿童多见,影像检查有利于准确诊断,前路开眶手术效果好。     

眼眶内植物性异物14例患者的临床研究

目的:分析眶内植物性异物14例患者的临床影像学特征及手术方法。方法:回顾性分析我院眼科2010-01/2019-04收治的眼眶植物性异物外伤的14例14眼患者资料,总结其临床表现、影像学特征、手术方法。结果:选取的14例14眼患者均在术中取出植物性异物。14眼患者眼眶CT三维重建检查,9眼显示异物为低密度伴周围软组织炎性反应。CT影像因异物性质不同表现各异,软质异物无特征性CT影像。外伤后手术切口Ⅰ期愈合,有不同程度的伤口瘢痕形成。结论:眶内植物性异物性质特殊,术前充分准备,制定个体化手术方案,对术中完整取出异物、降低手术难度十分重要。     

内镜在眼眶深部植物性异物摘出中的应用

目的探讨内镜在眼眶深部植物性异物摘出术中的临床应用价值。方法术前行眼眶CT或MRI冠状和水平扫描准确定位，应用硬性内窥镜沿异物窦道或皮肤切口进入眶内，沿异物长轴方向夹取异物。结果5例眼眶异物均成功摘出，同时在内窥镜下清除窦道内肉芽及坏死组织，手术后伤口均一期愈合，无手术并发症。结论应用内镜取眼眶深部异物损伤小，恢复快，异物容易取尽无残留：     

眼眶瘘管临床分析

临床上眼眶瘘管较少见，大多数是由于对原发病的诊断和处理不当所造成的，本文总结了我院1979年至1993年共收治的10例眼眶层管，现分析报告如下。临床资料1．一般资料：本组共10例，男性8例，女性2例；年龄最大47岁，最小10岁；病程最长18年，最短4个月；9例经彻底手术后治愈，l例因故未手术。1例手术多达8次。2．瘘营位置及长度：眶外上线处5例，眶内下缘3例，眶内上缘2例。渗管最长5cm，最短4mm。3．瘘管原因：①外伤异物6例（植物性异物4例，金属异物1例，玻璃1例）。②鼻窦炎2例。③皮样囊肿2例。4．并发眼症：①脸闭合不全3例，脸外翻1…     

眼眶与颅,副鼻窦联合植物性异物的诊断及处理

眼眶与颅、副鼻窦联合植物性异物的诊断及处理龚启荣眼眶内和颅内、副鼻窦联合植物性异物，临床报道较少￣［１～４］。我院自１９７８年以来诊治这类植物性异物８例，现报告如下。一、临床资料１．病例：男性５例，女性３例。年龄４～４５岁。１例急诊入院；７例均以眼部...     

眼眶神经源性肿瘤影像学特征及临床意义

目的 探讨超声、CT及MRI对眼眶神经源性肿瘤的诊断价值.方法 收集长征医院眼科2004年1月至2007年11月经手术治疗,具有完整病理资料的眼眶神经源性肿瘤76例,回顾分析超声、CT、MRI检查的影像学表现.结果 各种眼眶肿瘤的影像学表现均有一定的特征性.超声检杳有利于揭示病变内的组织结构.CT利于显示病变的空间位置以及相邻结构的继发改变.MRI即可以显示病变的空间位置、病变蔓延情况.也可以通过显示信号强度提示病变的内部结构.结论 联合应用眼部超声、CT、MRI是发现和诊断眼眶肿瘤的重要检查手段,对大多数肿瘤可以做出明确定性、定位诊断.     

眼眶内巨大植物性异物一例

患者女性，47岁。因摔倒致花枝插入右眼3h，于2003年5月10日来我院就诊。全身检查无异常．眼部检查：视力右眼0．15，左眼0．4；右眼睑高度肿胀，内眦与眼球间、皮肤面可见大小不同植物性异物插入，泥土附于其上(图1，2)。左眼无异常。右眼球CT轴位和冠状位扫描检查示异物由上至下进入右眼眶，达上颌窦上壁、筛窦外下壁；上颌窦上壁和筛窦外下壁不完全骨折(图3，4)；右眼球CT矢状位重建检查可见眼球完整，     

25例眼眶皮样囊肿影像检查分析

目的：利用现代影像检查手段,对眼眶皮样囊肿的定位及定性诊断进行分析比较。方法：对25例眼眶皮样囊肿的X线、B超、彩色超声多普勒、CT、MRI检查结果进行观察分析。结果：X线检查能粗反映眼眶骨骼改变;超声多普勒反映肿瘤的血流情况;B超、CT、MRI均可确定病变位置并提示病变的性质;但B超能较好显示病变内结构和动态,CT确定空间位置较精确。MRI上信号高低与脂质、H^ 含量有关,T1WI像上有高信号。结论：上述影像检查均为眼眶皮样囊肿诊断有帮助,CT检查最有价值。超声或MRI与CT检查相结合,能得出最佳定性、定位诊断。     

24例眼眶异物诊断和治疗分析

目的 分析目前眼眶异物诊断和治疗中存在的问题.方法 回顾性系列病例研究.收集2002年5月至2007年5月收治的眼眶异物患者24例,根据其临床和影像学资料了解目前眼眶异物诊断和治疗中存在的问题.结果 植物性异物11例,金属异物6例,玻璃异物2例,其他5例.18例曾行清创缝合术,12例曾行异物取出术,7例曾行3次以上各类手术.诊断和治疗中存在的问题:(1)受伤情况询问不详、对眶内异物存留认识不足;(2)未进行必要的CT检查;(3)不能正确阅读CT片,CT显示异物而未能诊断;(4)急诊清创处理、以及后续的化脓性感染切开引流,均未进行必要的探查;(5)对植物性和塑料异物,仅满足术中取出一个或数个异物;(6)对眼眶解剖结构不熟悉,手术技术不熟练,不能取出异物甚至将其推向深处;(7)再次手术时未重新进行必要的CT检查;(8)麻醉方式选择不当.局部麻醉下,患者不能耐受手术.结论 眼科医师应掌握眶内解剖结构、影像学和眶内异物的诊断,熟悉眼眶手术入路,提高异物取出成功率,减少手术并发症.(中华眼群杂志,2008,44:676-680)     

以眼外肌肥大为主要CT征的眼眶病分析

目的 多种眼眶病表现为以眼外肌肥大为主要的临床特征,根据不同的眼外肌肥大CT表现特点,可为临床诊断和治疗提供依据.方法 自2004年1月至2007年12月,对CT表现有不同特征的眼外肌肥大的连续就诊患者共225例,据其表现特点,明确病因并鉴别诊断.结果 计有8种眼眶病.甲状腺相关眼病(TAO)175例,肌炎型炎性假瘤26例,颈动脉海绵窦漏(CCF)8例,转移性眼外肌肿瘤4例,肌肉静脉血管瘤4例,眶内恶性淋巴瘤6例,眼外肌血肿1例,眼外肌植物性异物1例.结论 根据眼外肌肥大的CT特征,结合病史及临床表现能做出正确的诊断.     

眶内非金属异物25例临床分析

目的 总结眶内非金属异物的临床特征及诊治方法.方法 回顾性系列病例研究.收集2002至2009年经手术证实的眶内非金属异物患者资料25例,总结临床表现、影像学征象、治疗与随访结果.结果 外伤性异物23例,包括:植物性异物11例,玻璃、油脂和石块各3例,塑料笔头2例,爆竹残渣1例.另2例为医源性异物.特征性临床表现为眶周皮肤或结膜瘘道,共11例,发生率为44%,以植物性异物最为多见.CT征象因异物性质不同而各异.植物性异物在外伤早期呈低密度,随时间延长密度逐渐增高,压缩窗宽,异物显示更加清晰.油脂异物表现为与脂肪相近的低密度,石块和玻璃表现为高密度块影.植物性异物在MRI的T1和T2加权像均呈低信号,周围的脓液在T2加权像呈环形高信号影,异物周围的炎性组织强化明显.油脂异物在T1和T2加权像均呈高信号,脂肪抑制显像呈低信号.所有患者均在全身麻醉下接受眶内异物清除术,均经一次手术清除全部异物及周围腐烂组织,感染伤口一期不予缝合.术后半年随访,伤口愈合良好,症状改善,未见与手术相关并发症.结论 眶内非金属异物种类较多,病情复杂各异,处置不当易眶内残留.CT为首选检查方法.正确认识病史及临床表现,运用恰当的手术技巧,彻底清除异物,预后良好.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the clinical features,diagnostic methods and treatment of intraorbital nonmetallic foreign body injuries. Methods In a retrospective study,the records of 25 consecutive cases with nonmetallic foreign bodies in the orbit confirmed by surgery were analyzed with special attention to the types of injury,history,clinical manifestations,imaging findings,treatment and follow-up results. Results Among 25 cases with nonmetallic foreign bodies,23 cases were caused by trauma,including 11 cases with wooden bodies,3 cases with glass,grease,or stone,2 cases with plastic pen point,and one case with firecrackers. The remaining two cases had iatrogenic foreign bodies. The distinctive clinical manifestation was the periorbital fistula recorded in 11 (44%) cases,mostly in patients with wooden foreign bodies. The CT findings were different in various foreign bodies. The wooden foreign bodies showed low density in the acute stage and the density increased gradually from the acute to the chronic stage. CT images with lower windows could distinguish a wooden foreign body better. The grease was seen as low density mimicking orbital fat on CT. The stone or glass showed as masses with high density. Wooden foreign bodies displayed low signals on both MRI T1- and T2-weighted images. The surrounding pus was seen as a ring with high signal on T2-weighted images. The inflammatory infiltration showed marked enhancement. The grease displayed high signal on both T1- and T2-weighted images and showed lower signal than that of the fat. All patients underwent surgical removal of retained foreign bodies and the surrounding decomposed tissues. The infected wounds were not sutured at one stage operation. After follow-up for 6 months,all wounds healed normally and all patients recovered well No complications were encountered.Conclusions There are various types of intraorbital nonmetallic foreign bodies. The clinical manifestations of these different foreign bodies are complex. CT is the preferred examination for this condition. With the combination of correct diagnosis,proper surgical skills,and complete removal of foreign bodies and surrounding decomposed tissues,nonmetallic foreign bodies can be treated efficiently.     

Intraorbital wood. Detection by magnetic resonance imaging

The authors present two cases in which intraorbital wooden foreign bodies remained undetected after initial ophthalmologic examination and radiologic investigation which included plain orbital x-rays, orbital computed tomography (CT) scans, and, in one case, orbital ultrasound. In each case, subsequent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a well-delineated low-intensity lesion suggestive of a retained foreign body. Investigation of a case of suspected wooden foreign body in the orbit should include an MRI scan if there is no contraindication, and no foreign body has been defined on CT scan, ultrasound, or plain orbital films.     

眼眶瘘管的特点及治疗分析

目的 探讨不同病因眼眶瘘管的特点及治疗方法.方法 回顾性分析1980年1月至2007年7月就诊的眼眶瘘管患者37例.结果 37例中异物引发的21例.眼眶囊肿引发的9例.眼眶感染性炎症引发的6例.嗜酸性肉芽肿1例,如瘘管可排出脓液、豆渣样物及澄清液体,分别提示感染性炎症、皮样囊肿及非感染性因素.结论 眼眶瘘管形成的常见原因是异物存留、皮样囊肿(包括表皮样囊肿)和骨髓炎.     

Orbitocranial wooden foreign body diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging. Dry wood can be isodense with air and orbital fat by computed tomography.

In computed tomographic (CT) scans, a wooden foreign body can appear as a lucency with nearly the same density as air or fat, and it can be indistinguishable from orbital adipose tissue. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can localize these wooden foreign bodies in the orbit. We studied a case in which a wooden golf tee lodged in the right optic canal of a nine-year-old boy. The head portion lodged in the orbital apex and the tip entered the interpeduncular fossa. Clinical examination revealed a right paranasal laceration; the right eye had no light perception and a peripapillary hemorrhage, but was otherwise normal. Surgical exploration and evaluation by CT failed to locate the foreign body. However, the golf tee was demonstrated by MRI as a low intensity image. Although it was removed by craniotomy with good neurological results, bacterial panophthalmitis led to enucleation of the eye. This case emphasizes the diagnostic value of MRI and the hazards of retained wooden foreign bodies.     

边界位眼内异物4种影像学检查方法诊断价值比较

目的:评估眼部X线、B超、CT及MRI对边界位眼内异物的诊断价值。方法:回顾性分析51例边界位眼内异物患者的X线、B超、CT和MRI影像学检查资料,并与手术结果进行比较。结果:边界位眼内异物患者51例行X线平片检查35例,检出率74%,定位准确率69%;行B超检查40例,检出率92%,定位准确率89%;行CT检查31例,检出率100%,定位准确率100%;行MRI检查4例,检出率100%,定位准确率100%。结论:在边界位眼内异物的诊断和定位中,X线、B超、CT与MRI四种检查方法各有优势。联合应用多种影像学检查方法可为手术提供较为全面的信息。     

Magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography in a model of wooden foreign bodies in the orbit

Wooden foreign bodies in the orbit are not detectable by standard roentgenography. Reports in the literature on the ability of computed tomography (CT) to detect orbital wooden foreign bodies have varied. To evaluate whether magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) would offer any advantage over CT in detecting wood in the orbit. MRI and CT were performed on an in vitro model of wooden foreign bodies in the orbit. Woods of different types and sizes were studied in vegetable fat backgrounds chosen to simulate orbital fat. On CT, most types of wood were hypodense to fat. Appropriate window settings were critical in the detection of wood by CT: in this model, a window width of 1000 Hounsfield units was optimal. On MRI, all types of wood were hypointense to fat. Small pieces of wood were surrounded by an MRI truncation artifact consisting of hyperintense spots. T1-weighted images demonstrated wood better than T2-weighted images and required less scanning time than either proton density or T2-weighted images, MRI was superior to CT in detecting the smallest pieces of wood. The role of MRI in the detection of orbital wooden foreign bodies in clinical practice remains to be determined.     

X线、B超、CT和MRI在眼内异物诊断中应用价值的评估

目的评估对比X线、B超、CT、MRI对眼内异物诊断价值。方法对97眼眼内异物的临床资料进行回顾性研究。结果在97眼眼内异物中,CT检出眼内异物95眼,检出率97．94％。B超检出眼内异物89眼,检出率91．75％。71眼CT显示高密度有伪影者,X线检查显示69眼为高密度异物,检出率71．13％。结论在眼内异物的诊断和定位中,X线、B超、CT各有优势,多种影像学方法联合应用可为手术提供较为全面的信息。