Chinese integrative medicine: Translation toward person-centered and balanced medicine

<正>Chinese integrative medicine(CIM) focuses on the integration of conventional medicine (biomedicine) with Chinese medicine(CM).Although the CIM field has witnessed several advancements,the definition and classification of CIM is not quite clear,given that an independent theory system has not yet been established in this field.Therefore,future research and studies should focus on the following objectives:(1) emphasizing CM features,(2) improving CIM positioning,and(3) establishing CIM standards.These concerted efforts will help CIM be at par with international standards and criteria.With the development of CIM,the world will embrace a new medical system providing person-centered treatment with a balanced medicine approach.     

The current acceptance, accessibility and recognition of Chinese and Ayurvedic medicine in the United States in the public, governmental, and industrial sectors

<正>To assess the current level of acceptance in the United States of complementary and alternative medicine,recent research into the prevalence, acceptance,accessibility,and recognition of complementary and alternative therapies were reviewed.Several signs point to an increasing acceptance of complementary and alternative medicine in the United States;the use of complementary and alternative medicine is significantly increasing,many aspects of Chinese medicine and Ayurveda are becoming mainstream,practitioners in the United States are beginning to be licensed,and insurance companies are beginning to cover some complementary and alternative therapies.Remaining challenges to true acceptance include the restrictive Western mindset,the absence of published studies,a lack of consistent manufacturing processes and quality standards,and a fear of adulteration. Although the field still faces many challenges,alternative and complementary medicine,including Chinese medicine and Ayurvedic medicine,is becoming more accepted and accessible in the United States.     

Chinese Medicine,Which Targets Body's Response State,Is An Effective Way to Treat Epidemic Infectious Diseases

In the fight against epidemic infectious diseases in the past 2,000 years,Chinese medicine(CM)has gradually developed a complete response system including diagnosis and treatment.The focal point of CM in the treatment of infectious diseases is the personalized response state to pathogen,which is a treatment method consistent with the personalized concept of precision medicine.Compared with the methods of directly killing or inactivating pathogens,which are used in modern medicine,CM is an effective treatment modality that has a wider range of points of action in the human body.The remarkable effects achieved while treating SARS in 2003 and the current coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pneumonia and the history of the effective responses to epidemics in the past 2,000 years have fully demonstrated the effectiveness of CM in treating infectious diseases.This article discusses the different treatment mechanisms for infectious diseases in CM and modern medicine and the advantages of CM methods,which will reacquaint the world with CM.The improvement of the diagnosis and treatment system of CM based on scientific concepts and methods and the organic combination of both treatment methods of modern medicine and CM will provide the best solution for humans to defeat epidemic infectious diseases.     

Traditional Japanese medicine, Kampo: Its history and current status

Traditional Japanese medicine,Kampo,is used by over 80%of medical doctors in Japan.Owing to its high quality and safety,Kampo has been integrated into modern medicine,and there are 345 randomized controlled trials using Kampo in Japan as of 2010.Although there are a number of articles in top journals about basic science research,we can find only small numbers of high-quality clinical evidence.Since undergraduate education on Kampo has been established,integrative approach with the balanced combination of modern medicine and Kampo is expected to generate good clinical evidence in the near future.     

Evidence-based Chinese Medicine for Rheumatoid Arthritis

Chinese medicine (CM) has long been adopted for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). CM approaches RA as it does for other diseases by holistic treatment, focusing on the whole body condition, and giving a variety of applications in accordance with the stage and symptoms of the disease. For seeking the best evidence of CM in making decisions for the care of RA individual patients, a number of clinical studies have been conducted in China to gain credibility with the researchers’ unremitting efforts. But the heterogeneity in many of these clinical trials and the low quality of design in some previous studies present an obstacle to the meaningful systematic reviews (SR) and meta-analysis. Some favorable results in improvement of response to biomedicine and reduction of severe adverse reactions of conventional RA therapy should be carefully interpreted and need further research. Fortunately, more appropriate quality assurance and control of CM researches are raised for the implementation of CM in RA therapy to pave the evidence-based way. Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of RA recommend evidence to the clinicians. In future, randomized controlled trials (RCT) with smart and flexible design as a good approach to evaluate the effectiveness will be widely used in CM for RA clinical study, with better research methods suitable for certain CM clinical researches. The development of evidence-based CM for RA will be full of challenge and opportunity, but we have full confidence.     

Which Research Is Needed to Support Clinical Decision-Making on Integrative Medicine?——Can Comparative Effectiveness Research Close the Gap?

<正>In clinical research on complementary and integrative medicine, experts and scientists have often pursued a research agenda in spite of an incomplete understanding of the needs of end users.Consequently,the majority of previous clinical trials have mainly assessed the efficacy of interventions.Scant data is available on their effectiveness.Comparative effectiveness research(CER) promises to support decision makers by generating evidence that compares the benefits and harms of the best care options.This evidence,more generalizable than the evidence generated by traditional randomized controlled trials(RCTs),is better suited to inform real-world care decisions.An emphasis on CER supports the development of the evidence base for clinical and policy decision-making.Whereas in most areas of complementary and integrative medicine data on comparative effectiveness is scarce,available acupuncture research already contributes to CER evidence.This paper will introduce CER and make suggestions for future research.     

Disease-syndrome combination clinical study of psoriasis: Present status, advantages, and prospects

Psoriasis is an immune-abnormal,chronic,proliferative skin disease determined by polygenic inheritance and induced by a number of environmental factors.It causes worldwide concern because of its high-prevalence,harmful and incurable characteristics.Over the years,Chinese medicine(CM) treatment of psoriasis has accumulated a wealth of clinical experience.Disease-syndrome combination, which achieves more satisfactory clinical effect,is the basis to highlight the special CM advantages in treating psoriasis.In this paper,we review the advantages of treating psoriasis with the combination of disease and syndrome,analyze the prospects of research on treating psoriasis combining disease with syndrome.We also make a point that there are several key points for the clinical research of combination of disease and syndrome.It can be expected that carrying out clinical research on the combination of disease and syndrome will help improve the clinical efficacy of medical treatment of psoriasis,which will be the main direction of research in the future.     

来自中医的阴阳与证候

Chinese medicine （CM） basic theory differs substantially from modernmedicine in methodology. CM views the healthy human body as an entity in yin-yang equilibrium. CM practitioners typically diagnose patients with ＂Zheng （CMsyndrome）＂-yin-yang status of specific organs, and the ultimate goal of treatment inCM is to restore the yin-yang balance. This concept might seem strange to Westernperceptions; however, CM philosophy and methodology have been graduallyaccepted and used in the West. There is growing evidence from prestigiousworldwide journals like Nature, Science and Cell indicating that CM theory isbecoming an important component in dealing with health issues in the West.     

Innovative Methods to Speed up the Modernization of Chinese Medicine——The Meeting Report of the Session on Methodology Research and Modernization of Chinese Medicine,International Conference and Exposition on Traditional Medicine 2009

As a kind of complex medical science,Chinese medicine（CM） has a long history of development and application and has demonstrated on evidence basis its efficacy in many diseases affecting multiple organ systems.In recent years,great progress in CM research has been achieved with the initiation of application of sustained and multifaceted use of modern organ systems. In recent years, great progress in CM research has been achieved with the initiation of application of sustained and multifaceted use of modern scientific methods. More and more innovative methods are widely used in CM modernization researches, and the application of new methods becomes the key to further develop CM modernization.     

Critical care medicine in China: history and perspective

Critical care medicine began in 1982 in China and is still in a phase of rapid development.Despite the inadequate resources compared with those of developed countries,critical care medicine has been recognized as a specialty by the government and by other specialties.National critical care societies are dedicated to promoting professional education and the academic improvement of critical care medicine in China.Although critical care services and clinical research are still underdeveloped due to scarce resources,great improvement is expected in the near future.     

从国际化发展趋势探讨中医现代化

通过对西方国家中医立法和中医高等教育发展现状的观察和分析,说明中医药国际化已经进入高层次发展阶段,并将对中医药现代化的发展趋势产生重要影响,由此揭示出随着国际化的发展,中医现代化将带来世界新医学的产生。     

医学人文教育与转化医学

转化医学作为医学研究的新模式,致力于将基础生物医学研究的成果迅速有效的转化为可在临床实际应用的理论、技术、疗法和药物。转化医学在为医学的发展指明方向的同时也为现行的医学教育和医学人才的培养提出新的问题。转化医学多学科交叉和以病人为中心的特点决定了其与人文精神息息相关。转化医学的发展需要切实加强和改善医学人文教育。     

康复医学教育必须引入医学各专业中

从康复医学教育在现代医学教育中的地位和作用及康复医学教育的现状等方面阐述了全面引入康复医学教育的必要性以及关于康复医学教育的几点思考。目的在于唤起全社会对康复医学及其教育的重视,使康复医学教育向着良性循环的轨道正确前进,更好的为人类健康服务。     

Characteristics of Chinese Medicine Education Under British Education System in New Zealand

With the globalisation of Chinese medicine (CM), the local CM education institutions were established in many other countries outside of China. These CM education institutions have formed a new mode in CM education after integrating with local culture, law and national conditions. This article takes New Zealand CM education institutions as an example to discuss the characteristics of CM education under the British education system, aiming to provide ideas on CM education in China and other countries.     

HITECH to 21st century cures: clinician burden and evolving health IT policy

Adoption and use of health information technology (IT) was identified as 1 solution to quality and safety issues that permeate the United States health care system. Implementation of health IT has accelerated across the US over the past decade, in part, as a result of legislative and regulatory requirements and incentives. However, adoption of these systems has burdened clinician users due to design, configuration, and implementation issues, resulting in poor usability, challenges to workflow integration, and cumbersome documentation requirements. The path to alleviating these clinician burdens requires a clear understanding of the intent and evolution of pertinent regulations and the context in which they exist. This article reviews the Office of the National Coordinator of Health Information Technology’s efforts, documents current regulatory actions, and discusses additional policy opportunities that can further improve clinician satisfaction and effectiveness in providing health care with health IT that is an asset, not an obstacle.     

将比较效益研究理念引入中医临床评价研究

比较效益研究（comparative effectiveness research,CER）的兴起在西方发达国家的医疗卫生改革浪潮中引起了巨大反响。CER也被称作为＂以病人为中心的结局研究＂。CER关心的核心问题是有效性、安全性和成本。CER不是一种具体的方法,也不是一个具体的学科,而是目前世界医学研究领域里的一种新理念。本文通过介绍CER兴起的背景、特点、具体内容,并通过对相关资料的总结,归纳出中医临床评价研究领域将来如何开展CER,旨在为今后的中医临床评价研究提供一些新的思路。     

A Reflection on the 2017 Nobel Prize for Physiology and Chinese Medicine

Research on the molecular mechanisms controlling circadian rhythm in Western medicine is comparable to the study of a day-night rhythm in Chinese medicine (CM), as also focus on the same life phenomenon. By comparing the two, this paper elaborates on the differences between them in their respective issues of consciousness, ways of thinking, research methods and research results. Relatively speaking, Nobel Prize research has a stronger sense of the problems and concerns about the essence of "what", while CM focuses on "how a thing functions". The former mainly adopts experimental and mathematical methods, while the latter primarily depends on observation and understanding. The natural philosophy and natural science eventually lead to the results and the inevitable, quantitative and qualitative differences. Research on the life rhythm in CM should be proposed, scientific problems should be fully grasped, and research should be carried out with the aid of multidisciplinary new knowledge and new achievements through cross-disciplinary studies. On the basis of clinical epidemiological research and experimental research, a systematic review should be made of the human physiology of CM and the pathological rhythm model to explore the regulatory mechanism of time rhythm and create a new theory of time medicine.     

循证医学对临床医学教育观念的影响

循证医学是 2 0世纪末期医学领域的一门新兴科学 ,其核心内容是将当今所能获得的最好的研究证据、医生个人专业技能和多年的临床经验以及病人的价值和愿望 ,进行系统全面地综合评价 ,为临床医疗、科研、卫生决策和医学教育提供可靠的科学依据。现代医学模式已经从经验医学向循证医学转化 ,临床医学教育也应该适应现代医学模式的需要从根本上转变教育观念     

论信息技术在中医妇科学教学中应用的价值

中医妇科学是中医学的重要组成部分,在防治妇女经、带、胎、产、杂多种妇科疾病方面具有突出的特色和优势。随着社会的发展,女性同男性一样,在许多不同的工作岗位上,担负着重要角色,她们的身心健康,关系到家庭的幸福及社会的稳定,因此亟待培养大批中医妇科专门人才。中医妇科学课程建设对中医妇科人才培养质量起到至关重要的作用。把信息技术应用于中医妇科教学中,依靠信息技术搭建网络教学平台,把网络教学法作为一种重要的教学辅助手段,不失为提高中医妇科学教学效果的有益尝试。本文就信息技术在中医妇科学教学中的应用价值做一论述。