Pulmonary vascular responses to forebrain stimulation in the cat

The effects of forebrain stimulation on the pulmonary vascular bed were investigated in the intact-chest cat under conditions of controlled blood flow and constant left atrial pressure. When pulmonary vascular tone was raised to a high steady level, direct electrical stimulation of the forebrain elicited a biphasic change in lobar arterial pressure. The response was characterized by an initial transient increase in lobar arterial pressure that was followed by a prolonged secondary decrease in pressure. When a delay coil was added to the extracorporeal perfusion circuit, the secondary vasodilator response was separated into initial brief and delayed prolonged components, suggesting that it was mediated in part by the release of a humoral factor. The entire response to forebrain stimulation was abolished by cervical cord section or freezing. The initial constrictor response and early brief dilator response were not blocked by classic pharmacological blocking agents. The delayed humorally mediated vasodilator response was blocked by propranolol or ICI 118551, indicating that it was mediated by a circulating factor with beta 2-stimulating properties. The delayed vasodilator response was associated with a large increase in arterial epinephrine levels, and this rise in plasma epinephrine was not altered by propranolol. The present data suggest that electrical stimulation of the forebrain causes a prolonged pulmonary vasodilator response that is mediated by way of a descending pathway, which results in a large rise in arterial epinephrine levels.     

Control of thallium and sodium fluxes in isolated adult rat heart cells by anthopleurin-A, verapamil and magnesium

Anthopleurin-A stimulated the initial rate of 201thallium uptake by isolated adult rat heart cells by a factor of 3.41 +/- 0.56, and induced a unique pattern of spontaneous beating activity. Ouabain inhibited the basal uptake rate by 58 +/- 11% and all the anthopleurin-A stimulated rate. The Km for thallium uptake was 0.95 +/- 0.26 mM, and was not changed by anthopleurin-A. Accumulated thallium was quickly released from cells by EDTA addition. Such release was inhibited 87 +/- 10% by verapamil. Thallium reuptake was initiated by restoration of magnesium to the medium. Reuptake was mostly inhibited by ouabain, but the residual ouabain-insensitive uptake remained. The ouabain-insensitive uptake was inhibited by ATP depletion. Anthopleurin-A stimulated the rate of 22Na entry into cells by a factor of 3.17 +/- 1.65, and EDTA stimulated the rate of entry by a factor of 29.5 +/- 13.0. The EDTA-induced 22Na entry was inhibited 86 +/- 11% by verapamil. From this we draw three conclusions: The major pathway for thallium uptake is the Na-K pump. The rate of uptake by this route, like the rate of K+ uptake, is governed by the rate of cellular sodium influx; A residual ouabain-insensitive uptake route also exists which appears to require ATP but not a monovalent ion gradient; Removal of Mg and Ca induces a verapamil-sensitive monovalent channel activity which is both massive and reversible.     

Analysis of pulmonary vascular responses in cats to sympathetic nerve stimulation under elevated tone conditions. Evidence that neuronally released norepinephrine acts on alpha 1-, alpha 2-, and beta 2-adrenoceptors

The influence of an increase in vascular tone on responses to sympathetic nerve stimulation and the receptors mediating these responses were investigated in the pulmonary vascular bed of the cat. Under conditions of controlled blood flow and constant left atrial pressure, stimulation of the sympathetic nerves to the lung elicited a biphasic response characterized by an initial increase in lobar arterial pressure followed closely by a decrease. The response to nerve stimulation was reproducible with respect to time and was not altered when a delay coil was added to the perfusion circuit, indicating that the response was directly mediated. The increase in pressure was reduced by prazosin and by yohimbine, whereas the decrease in pressure was blocked by propranolol or ICI 118551. These data suggest that the pressor component of the response is mediated by alpha 1- and postjunctional alpha 2-adrenoceptors, whereas the depressor response is mediated by beta 2-receptors. The pressor response was enhanced by propranolol or ICI 118551, whereas the depressor response was enhanced by prazosin or yohimbine, suggesting that the response to nerve stimulation represents the net effect of the actions of neuronally released norepinephrine on alpha- and beta-receptors. The pressor response to nerve stimulation was enhanced when tone was elevated with a prostaglandin endoperoxide analogue and when beta-receptors were blocked. The effects of an increase in tone and a passive increase in pressure on responses to sympathetic nerve stimulation were different.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

miRNA-1236通过靶向FOXO3a调控结直肠癌细胞增殖的作用及机制研究

目的探讨miRNA-1236对结直肠癌细胞增殖的作用及其相关机制。 方法通过实时定量PCR检测转染miR-1236后miRNA-1236的表达,使用CCK-8以及克隆形成方法检测转染miRNA-1236后HCT116细胞的活性,ki67方法检测转染miRNA-1236后HCT116细胞增殖能力的变化,生物信息方法筛选miR-1236的潜在靶基因FOXO3a。Luciferase报告检测miRNA-1236与FOXO3a的结合位点,通过实时定量PCR方法检测转染miRNA-1236后FOXO3a基因的变化;通过免疫组化的方法检测结直肠癌患者组织中FOXO3a的表达,通过western blot检测低表达miRNA-1236后HCT116细胞中FOXO3a、PCNA以及Bax蛋白的变化。通过TCGA数据库检测FOXO3a基因在结直肠癌患者癌-癌旁,不同肿瘤阶段与不同性别中的表达。 结果本研究发现高表达miRNA-1236后HCT116细胞活性相对于阴性对照组明显增加,而低表达miRNA-1236后活性降低。低表达miRNA-1236后HCT116细胞增殖能力相对于阴性对照组明显降低。生物信息学预测miR-1236与FOXO3a有潜在的结合位点。采用Western blot以及逆转录实时定量PCR验证,过表达miRNA-1236后FOXO3a表达相对于阴性对照组明显降低,而低表达miRNA-1236后,FOXO3a表达明显升高,同时luciferase结果显示,FOXO3a是miRNA-1236的靶基因。并且,FOXO3a在结直肠癌症组织中明显降低。 结论miR-1236通过靶向FOXO3a的表达调节结直肠癌细胞HCT116增殖,同时为miR-1236成为诊断、预防以及治疗结直肠癌的生物学标记物提供理论基础。     

弓形虫缓殖子期特异性抗原1基因的克隆、表达及对重组抗原的免疫反应性分析

目的 克隆与表达弓形虫缓殖子期特异性抗原1(BAG1)的基因,并分析重组抗原的免疫反应性。方法 诱导体外培养的弓形虫RH株速殖子向缓殖子转化,用RT-PCR法从缓殖子期弓形虫扩增BAG1基因片段,进行序列分析;构建表达重组质粒pET32a(+)-BAG1,转入大肠埃希菌BL21(DE3)中诱导表达;表达蛋白经次氨基三乙酸镍(Ni-NTA)琼脂糖亲和层析纯化后,蛋白质印迹(Western blotting)分析与ELISA分析其免疫反应性。 结果 从缓殖子期弓形虫克隆的BAG1基因长690 bp,构建的重组质粒pET32a(+)-BAG1经异丙基-β-D-硫代半乳糖苷(IPTG)诱导后,可高效表达重组BAG1。Western blotting分析显示纯化的重组BAG1(SAG1)能被弓形虫慢性感染血清识别。ELISA结果表明重组BAG1抗原检测350份人血清弓形虫IgG抗体的阳性率为17.4％,显著高于重组SAG1抗原的阳性率12.6％（P＜0.05）。 结论 原核表达的重组BAG1抗原具有特异的免疫反应性。     

日本血吸虫单克隆抗独特型抗体NP30单特异性双链抗体的构建表达与初步鉴定

目的构建和表达日本血吸虫单克隆抗独特型抗体NP30单特异性双链抗体,初步鉴定表达产物的活性。方法用overlap PCR法扩增双链抗体基因VH-GGGGS—VL将双链抗体基因重组入原核表达载体pBAD／gⅢ。表达质粒转化E．coli TOP10F’,左旋阿拉伯糖诱导表达。对表达产物进行分离纯化,ELISA检测纯化蛋白与血吸虫病人血清抗体的结合活性。结果测序证实双链抗体基因正确,构建了双链抗体的原核表达系统,双链抗体在细菌超声上清和沉淀内均有表达,分子量约为34kD。纯化产物经ELISA鉴定,结果表明NP30单特异性双链抗体可与血吸虫病人血清抗体特异性结合。结论构建和表达的日本血吸虫单克隆抗独特型抗体NP30单特异性双链抗体具有与亲本单抗相同的结合活性。     

稳定表达HBx的人肝细胞系7702的建立

目的 构建HBx表达载体,筛选可稳定表达HBx的人肝细胞(HL)-7702细胞系。 方法 采用RT-PCR法扩增HBx 基因片段,并将其连接至pIRES载体,经酶切和测序鉴定pIRES-HBx重组质粒序列。然后,分别采用Real-time PCR和Western blot技术检测验证重组质粒的正确性。最后,应用G418抗生素筛选稳定表达HBx的HL-7702细胞系。结果 经PCR扩增得到正确的HBx片段,成功构建pIRES-HBx质粒,将重组质粒转染HEK 293 细胞和HL-7702细胞均实现了HBx过量表达;经免疫荧光法鉴定,我们获得了稳定大量表达HBx的HL-7702细胞系。结论 成功构建的pIRES-HBx表达载体能在HL-7702细胞稳定表达HBx,为后续研究提供了基础实验工具。     

Noninvasive and invasive diagnosis of a huge congenital aneurysm of the left atrium: a case report

An intrapericardial aneurysm of the left atrium in a twenty-eight-year old asymptomatic woman is reported. The aneurysm was diagnosed by two-dimensional echocardiography and the specific intraaneurysmatic flow pattern was described by color blood flow imaging. To the authors' knowledge such a noninvasive diagnosis of a left atrial aneurysm has never been reported in the literature before. The diagnosis was confirmed by angiocardiography. The aneurysm was successfully resected. The patient was discharged without medication and continues to do well.     

cGMP信号传导通路及钙敏感钾通道在D型钠尿肽抑制豚鼠胃动力中的作用

目的观察豚鼠胃内是否存在钠尿肽（NP）受体,并观察cGMP信号传导通路及钙敏感钾通道在D型钠尿肽（DNP）抑制豚鼠胃动力中的作用。方法用放射自显影技术检测NP受体在胃内的分布,用四道生理记录仪记录胃平滑肌的自发性收缩活动,用膜片钳技术的全细胞技术记录钙敏感钾电流。结果 NP受体存在于豚鼠胃底、胃体和胃窦,并在胃窦部密度最大。DNP抑制胃窦环形肌自发性收缩活动并呈现剂量依赖关系,DNP的这种抑制效应被鸟苷酸环化酶抑制剂LY83583所减弱而被cGMP敏感的磷酸酯酶抑制剂所增强。非选择性钾通道抑制剂四乙胺明显抑制DNP对豚鼠胃窦环形肌自发性收缩活动的抑制作用。10 nmol/L的DNP增加豚鼠胃窦环形肌上钙敏感钾通道。结论 NP受体存在于豚鼠胃内并在胃窦部位分布密度最大,DNP明显抑制豚鼠胃窦环形肌自发性收缩活动,这种抑制效应可能通过cGMP途径实现,并且钙敏感钾通道可能也参与此过程。     

Protein disulfide isomerase activity is released by activated platelets.

The release of protein disulfide isomerase by activated platelets was hypothesized on the basis of reported intermolecular and intramolecular thiol-disulfide exchange and disulfide reduction involving released thrombospondin in the supernatant solution of activated platelets (Danishefsky, Alexander, Detwiler: Biochemistry, 23:4984, 1984; Speziale, Detwiler: J Biol Chem, 265:17859, 1990; Speziale, Detwiler: Arch Biochem Biophys 286:546, 1991). Protein disulfide isomerase activity, measured by catalysis of the renaturation of ribonuclease inactivated by randomization of disulfide bonds, was detected in the supernatant solution after platelet activation. The activity was inhibited by peptides known to inhibit protein disulfide isomerase; the peptides also inhibited formation of disulfide-linked thrombospondin-thrombin complexes. The reaction catalyzed by the supernatant solution showed a pH dependence distinct from that of the uncatalyzed reaction. The activity was excluded by a 50-Kd dialysis membrane, and it was eluted in the void volume of a gel-filtration column, indicating that it was associated with a macromolecule. The activity was not removed by centrifugation at 100,000 g for 150 minutes indicating that it was not associated with membrane microvesicles. Possible functions for the release of protein disulfide isomerase by activated platelets are discussed.     

Histopathological follow-up after bailout stenting for early postoperative stenosis of a central aorto-pulmonary shunt

We treated a neonate with pulmonary atresia and a ventricular septal defect complicated by straddling of the atrioventricular valves by constructing a central aorto-pulmonary shunt. The postoperative course was complicated by obstruction of the shunt, which was treated by implantation of a coronary stent. Six months after the stenting, a Glenn anastomosis was created and the stented shunt removed. Analysis showed that the shunt was completely covered by a vascularized neointima. The stent had not produced injury to the shunt, with struts of the stent covered nicely by neoendothelium, with sparse inflammation surrounding the artificial implants.     

免疫筛选旋毛虫cDNA克隆及原核表达

目的　获取旋毛虫抗原的 c DNA克隆并进行蛋白的原核表达。　方法　应用兔抗旋毛虫成虫可溶性全虫抗原血清对旋毛虫成虫 c DNA文库进行筛选 ,并用兔人工感染旋毛虫血清对强阳性克隆进行再筛选。将编号为 Ts87阳性克隆的基因片段亚克隆入 PET- 2 8a( +)表达载体 ,IPTG诱导表达后用 SDS- PAGE电泳分析表达产物。　结果　免疫筛选获得阳性克隆 Ts87;成功构建重组表达质粒 PET- 2 8a( +) / Ts87。诱导表达该融合蛋白 ,SDS- PAGE电泳表明 ,其能表达一分子质量约为 40 ku的融合蛋白 ,与预测分子质量相符。　结论　筛选到 c DNA克隆 Ts87,与兔抗旋毛虫成虫可溶性全虫抗原血清和兔人工感染旋毛虫血清均产生特异性免疫反应 ;PET原核表达系统所获重组蛋白为蛋白功能研究奠定了基础。     

Successful excision of a right ventricular fibroma associated with ventricular tachycardia. Report of a six year survival

A right ventricular (RV) tumor manifested by ventricular tachycardia (VT) accompanied by syncopal attacks was found in a 14 year old boy by two-dimensional echocardiography. Surgery was performed on February 10, 1981, with the aid of a cardiopulmonary bypass. The tumor was completely removed as a mass from the anterolateral portion of the RV wall. The wall was closed directly without any patch. The mass was 60 gm in weight and 7 by 4 by 4 cm in size. Fibroma was diagnosed by pathological study. The patient is doing well 6 years postoperatively. We conclude that two-dimensional echocardiography should be used to exclude cardiac tumors such as fibroma in young patients who have VT.     

Mechanism of induction of delta 5-3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-isomerase activity in rat adrenocortical cells by corticotropin

The regulation of delta 5-3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-isomerase (3 beta-HSD) was studied in primary cultures of rat adrenocortical cells. In the absence of ACTH, this enzymic activity was found to decay with a half-life of 3.1 days, which was similar to the half-life of the enzyme activity induced by ACTH in vitro (3.5 days). The increase in 3 beta-HSD activity was highly specific for ACTH and dibutyryl cAMP; the activity was not increased by other hormones known to affect adrenocortical growth or function. The induction of 3 beta-HSD activity by ACTH or dibutyryl cAMP required a lag period of approximately 4 h and was dependent on RNA and protein syntheses. The increase in 3 beta-HSD activity observed after ACTH treatment was not a result of ACTH-induced inhibition of degradation of the enzyme, nor was it due to the synthesis of a soluble intermediate which could directly activate the enzyme. ACTH stimulated the incorporation of [35S]methionine into a protein associated with 3 beta-HSD activity detected on polyacrylamide gels after electrophoresis of Triton X-100 extracts of adrenocortical cells. The induction of this protein by ACTH was inhibited by actinomycin D. A protein band of a partially purified preparation of rat adrenal 3 beta-HSD was found to comigrate with the ACTH-induced protein on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel. These results suggest that ACTH caused the de novo synthesis of 3 beta-HSD by a mechanism dependent on RNA synthesis.     

The Effect of Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide on Meal-Stimulated Gastric Acid Secretion in Man

The effect of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) on meal-stimulated gastric acid secretion was studied in six healthy volunteers. Acid secretion was stimulated by instillation of a 10% solution of peptone, which was adjusted to pH 5.5, circulated through the stomach via a double-lumen gastric tube by a peristaltic pump. The acid secretion was estimated by continuous titration by a pH-stat. The subjects were studied twice on separate days, receiving an intravenous infusion of either VIP (1 μg/kg/h or saline. No effect on acid secretion was found. Mean serum gastrin concentration rose from 42 pmol/l to 150 pmol/l during meal stimulation and was unaffected by infusion of VIP. Plasma VIP concentration during infusion of saline was 6.8 pmol/l and during VIP infusion, 82.8 pmol/l. Plasma VIP concentration was unaffected by the peptone meal.     

Effects of phentolamine on the SA node of the dog heart in situ

Direct perfusion of the sinus node artery at constant pressure of 100 mmHg was arranged in 6 canine hearts in situ. The injection of phentolamine into the sinus node artery usually induced dose-dependent positive chronotropic effect. However, at a larger dose of 300 mug, phentolamine frequently induced a biphasic chronotropic response, i.e., sinus deceleration followed by sinus acceleration. Phentolamine at a large dose of 1 mg usually induced a negative chronotropic effect. The threshold dose for inducing sinus acceleration was about 1 to 10 mug. The positive chronotropic response to phentolamine was blocked either by propranolol or by tetrodoxin. That to norepinephrine was blocked by propranolol but not suppressed by tetrodotoxin. These results suggest that the phentolamine-induced sinus acceleration is due to catecholamine which is released by excitation of local adrenergic fibers. The sinus deceleration to higher doses of phentolamine was not blocked either by atropine or by tetrodotoxin. It suggests that phentolamine has a direct depressive effect on the SA node at extremely high dose levels.     

Uptake of albumin nanoparticle surface modified with glycyrrhizin by primary cultured rat hepatocytes

AIM: To investigate the uptake difference between bovine serum albumin nanoparticle (BSA-NP) and bovine serum albumin nanoparticles with their surface modified by glycyrrhizin (BSA-NP-GL) and to develop a novel hepatocyte targeting BSA-NP-GL based on active targeting technology mediated by specific binding site of GL on rat cellular membrane. METHODS: Calcein loaded bovine serum albumin nanoparticles (Cal-BSA-NP) were prepared by desolvation process. Glycyrrhizin was conjugated to the surface reactive amino groups (SRAG) of Cal-BSA-NP by sodium periodate oxidization, which resulted in calcein-loaded bovine serum albumin nanoparticles with their surface modified by glycyrrhizin (Cal-BSA-NP-GL). The morphology of the two types of prepared nanoparticles (NP) was observed by transmission electron microscopy. The diameter of NP was measured with a laser particle size analyzer. The interaction between Cal-BSA-NP-GL and primary cultured hepatocytes was studied through cellular uptake experiments. The uptake amount of Cal-BSA-NP-GL and Cal-BSA-NP by rat hepatocytes was determined by fluorospectrophotometry. Uptake characteristics were investigated through experiments of competitive inhibition of specific binding site of GL. RESULTS: Both Cal-BSA-NP-GL and Cal-BSA-NP had regular spherical surfaces. The average diameter of Cal-BSA-NP-GL and Cal-BSA-NP was 77 and 79 nm respectively. The uptake amount of the two NP by hepatocytes reached its maximum at 2 h after incubation. The uptake amount of Cal-BSA-NP-GL by rat hepatocytes was 4.43-fold higher than that of Cal-BSA-NP. There was a significant difference in the uptake of Cal-BSA-NP-GL and Cal-BSA-NP by hepatocytes (P<0.01). The uptake of Cal-BSA-NP-GL was inhibited when GL was added previously to isolated rat hepatocytes, and the uptake of Cal-BSA-NP was not affected by GL. CONCLUSION: A binding site of GL is present on the surface of rat hepatocytes, BSA-NP-GL may be internalized via this site by hepatocytes and can be used as a drug carrier for active targeting of delivery drugs to hepatocytes.     

Mechanism of neurally induced monkey mesenteric artery relaxation and contraction.

Physiological importance in vasodilator innervation alleviating noradrenergic neurogenic vasoconstriction has not been clarified. Isolated monkey mesenteric artery strips denuded of the endothelium responded to nerve stimulation by electrical pulses or nicotine with a contraction, which was potentiated by Ng-nitro-L-arginine, a nitric oxide synthesis inhibitor, but not by the D-enantiomer. The potentiation was abolished by L-arginine. NG-Nitro-L-arginine did not potentiate the response to exogenous norepinephrine nor did it increase the release of [3H]norepinephrine from adrenergic nerves electrically stimulated. The contraction was reversed by treatment with phentolamine and guanethidine to a relaxation, which was abolished by NG-nitro-L-arginine. The inhibition was reversed by L- but not D-arginine. The relaxant response was not influenced by atropine, timolol, or indomethacin. These findings strongly suggest the importance of reciprocal nitric oxide-related (nitroxidergic) vasodilator and noradrenergic vasoconstrictor innervation in the regulation of monkey arterial tone.     

Bilirubin diglucuronide transport by rat liver canalicular membrane vesicles: stimulation by bicarbonate ion

The purpose of this study was to provide further insight into the mechanism of bilirubin diglucuronide excretion through the hepatocyte canalicular membrane by investigating the uptake of (3H)bilirubin diglucuronide by purified canalicular membrane vesicles of rat liver. The uptake was analyzed by a rapid filtration technique. The difference between vesicle-associated (3H)bilirubin diglucuronide at 37 degrees C and at 0 degree C during the initial 1 min was regarded as uptake. Twenty second uptake was saturated by increasing the (3H)bilirubin diglucuronide concentration at a vesicle-inside-directed 100 mmol/L KCl gradient (Km = 75 mumol/L, Vmax = 320 pmol/mg protein.20 sec at 37 degrees C). No sodium dependency was observed. When canalicular membrane vesicles were preincubated with nonlabeled bilirubin diglucuronide, the uptake increased 1.3-fold (transstimulation). Vesicle-inside-positive potential induced by valinomycin and potassium caused a 1.4-fold increase in the uptake. When Cl- was replaced by equivalent ion concentrations of SO4(2-), HCO3-, NO3- and SCN-, the uptake was 78%, 244%, 68% and 50%, respectively, and specific stimulation by HCO3- was observed (Km = 75 mumol/L, Vmax = 700 pmol/mg protein.20 sec at a vesicle-inside-directed 100 mmol/L KHCO3 gradient at 37 degrees C). The uptake was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by the addition of 4,4'-diisothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid. The uptake was ATP independent. From these results, it was concluded that bilirubin diglucuronide transport through the canalicular membrane is carrier mediated, electrogenic and stimulated by HCO3-.