通用脊柱固定系统治疗胸腰椎爆裂骨折后椎管形态和神经功能的恢复情况

目的探讨通用脊柱固定系统(USS)治疗胸腰椎爆裂骨折后椎管形态和神经功能的恢复情况。方法采用后路短节段USS椎弓根螺钉联合支具治疗22例胸腰椎爆裂骨折患者,比较手术前后椎体前缘高度百分比、椎体后缘高度百分比、Cobb角、椎管形态和神经功能变化、生活质量评分。结果患者均随访1年。椎体前缘高度百分比、椎体后缘高度百分比、Cobb角、椎管正中矢状径、椎管占位和椎体后缘骨块突入椎管比例术后1周、术后1年与术前比较差异均有统计学意义(P 0.001),术后1年与术后1周比较差异无统计学意义(P 0.05)。术后1年神经功能分级与术前比较差异有统计学意义(P=0.003)。术后1年SF-36生活质量量表总分显著高于术前(P 0.001)。结论后路短节段USS椎弓根螺钉联合支具治疗胸腰椎爆裂骨折,能够有效恢复椎体高度,改善椎管形态和神经功能。     

经椎弓根椎体内植骨治疗胸腰椎爆裂骨折

目的探讨经椎弓根椎体内植骨治疗胸腰椎爆裂骨折的临床疗效。方法治疗组新鲜爆裂骨折16例,男11例,女5例;年龄19~59岁,平均43岁;经椎弓根椎体内植骨,结合短节段椎弓根螺钉系统固定治疗。对照组胸腰椎新鲜爆裂骨折36例,男25例,女11例;年龄21~63岁,平均41岁;单纯用短节段椎弓根螺钉系统固定治疗。两组均于术前、术后及术后1年行X线检查,测量矢状面指数和椎体前缘压缩百分比,并对结果行统计学分析。结果治疗组在纠正局部后凸(矢状面指数),恢复椎体前缘高度(椎体前缘压缩百分比)方面均优于对照组。结论短节段椎弓根螺钉固定和经椎弓根椎体内植骨治疗胸腰椎骨折,可重建前、中柱的稳定性,有效防止纠正度的丢失。     

骨质疏松性胸腰椎爆裂骨折的手术治疗策略

目的探讨骨质疏松性胸腰椎爆裂骨折的治疗方法。方法对28例骨质疏松性胸腰椎爆裂骨折采用经椎弓根植骨后路短节段椎弓根内固定,椎间盘变性破裂者切除椎间盘行椎体间植骨融合术。结果患者术后伤椎前缘高度和Cobb角恢复满意,患者获随访24～36个月,伤椎矫正度无明显丢失。结论经椎弓根植骨内固定治疗骨质疏松性胸腰椎爆裂骨折远期疗效满意,对椎间盘破裂者需同时切除椎间盘行椎体间充分植骨融合。     

侧前方减压椎体间植骨治疗陈旧性胸腰段脊椎骨折合并截瘫

胸腰段脊椎骨折合并截瘫,多由于椎管变形或骨折节的机械性压迫所致,均通过手术减压达到治疗目的。作者自1982年以来采用侧前方椎管减压术治疗26例该病患者,随访23例疗效满意,现报告如下:临床资料 本组男性17例,女性6例。年龄18～53岁。 致伤原因;坠落伤11例,压砸伤7例,车祸致伤5例。 脊椎骨折分布情况:腰椎113例,胸椎128例,腰椎22例。 骨折类型:根据X线片显示,属屈曲压缩型骨折14例,骨折的上位椎体向前滑脱,局部向后成角畸形。椎体爆裂型骨折9例,压缩的椎体向后凸出。 瘫痪的程度:根据临床表现,属不完全性截瘫22例,完全性截瘫1例。2例入院…     

后路短节段固定结合椎体成形治疗骨质疏松性胸腰椎爆裂骨折

目的探讨后路短节段固定结合椎体成形治疗骨质疏松性胸腰椎爆裂骨折的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2008年7月至2010年12月采用后路短节段固定结合椎体成形治疗胸腰椎爆裂骨折伴骨质疏松症患者21例。比较术前与术后VAS疼痛评分、椎管内占位率、伤椎前缘高度压缩率及矢状位Cobb角的变化,观察并发症情况。结果 21例患者均获随访,时间12～22个月,平均16.5个月。术后VAS评分从术前平均(8.3±0.5)分降至术后(2.8±0.7)分(P<0.01),椎管内占位率从术前平均(32.66±3.25)%降至术后(6.2±0.85)%(P<0.01),术前与术后3d、3个月、6个月、12个月伤椎前缘高度压缩率及矢状位Cobb角比较有统计学差异(P<0.01)。无内固定松动、断裂,3例发生骨水泥渗漏、无症状,9例有脊髓神经损伤的患者均有不同程度的恢复。结论后路短节段固定结合椎体成形治疗骨质疏松性胸腰椎爆裂骨折能即刻恢复脊柱力线及稳定性,减少内固定失效、伤椎高度丢失和后凸畸形等并发症的发生,能为患者早期下床活动提供保障。     

后路不同复位方式治疗胸腰椎爆裂骨折的对比研究

目的对比观察不同后路复位方式治疗胸腰椎爆裂骨折术后患者伤椎前缘压缩比、侧位Cobb角、椎管面积比影响。方法回顾性分析72例胸腰椎爆裂骨折后路手术治疗患者资料,根据复位方式不同分为观察组（经伤椎单节段椎弓根螺钉系统内固定）38例,对照组（跨伤椎椎弓根椎弓根螺钉系统内固定）34例,比较治疗方法及术后疗效情况。结果观察组在手术时间、切口长度、术中出血等方面均低于对照组。组内比较,观察组及对照组术前及术后1周在伤椎前缘压缩比、侧位Cobb角及椎管面积比改善均有显著统计学意义（P〈0．01）,组间比较,术后1周两组各指标无统计学差异（P〉0．05）,末次复查见观察组在椎体前缘高度及侧位Cobb角丢失情况轻于对照组,在术后并发症发生率差异有统计学意义。结论经伤椎单节段椎弓根螺钉系统内固定较跨伤椎椎弓根螺钉系统内固定治疗胸腰椎爆裂骨折能够在确保脊柱稳定性、椎体高度恢复的基础上,减少相邻的节段椎体发生退变,减少了术后的矫正度丢失,防止脊椎不稳的发生,减少运动节段丢失。     

椎弓根钉固定结合椎体成形术治疗胸腰椎爆裂骨折的现状与展望

胸腰椎爆裂骨折是脊柱外科的常见疾患．占脊柱外伤的10％～20％。短节段椎弓根钉内固定（short-segment pedicle instrumentation，SSPI）是治疗胸腰椎爆裂骨折的主要手术方式之一，但存在较高的内固定失败率。利用SSPI复位固定后实施椎体成形术是近年来治疗胸腰椎爆裂骨折的新进展。一些椎体成形术用于治疗胸腰椎爆裂骨折后显示出良好的近期疗效。现就椎体成形术与SSPI相结合治疗胸腰椎爆裂骨折的理论基础及临床应用作一综述。     

不同入路减压内固定治疗胸腰椎爆裂骨折

目的 探讨不同入路减压内固定治疗胸腰椎爆裂骨折的疗效.方法 将92例胸腰锥爆裂性骨折患者根据病情和患者知情同意分为两组：后路短节段椎弓根螺钉内固定融合术47例,前路减压钛网植骨内固定术45例.对两种治疗方式的疗效进行比较.结果 两组均获满1年随访.两组患者的神经功能均好转;两组患者治疗1年后较治疗前的椎体前缘高度、Cobb角均有明显改善（P〈0.05）;治疗后两组间椎体前缘高度、Cobb角比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;两组均无顽固性腰痛及内固定断裂等并发症发生.结论 后路短节段椎弓根螺钉内固定融合术和前路减压钛网植骨内固定术治疗胸腰椎爆裂骨折均可取得较好效果.     

胸腰椎爆裂骨折的后路手术治疗

目的探讨胸腰椎爆裂骨折后路手术治疗的适应证及手术技巧。方法2000年1月～2004年12月,采用后路椎弓根螺钉内固定技术治疗胸腰段爆裂骨折患者75例。单节段骨折54例,双节段骨折10例,非相邻双节段骨折11例。新鲜骨折52例,陈旧骨折23例；均伴有不同程度的脊髓神经功能障碍。新鲜骨折采用后路切开复位、减压及椎弓根螺钉内固定；陈旧性骨折椎体前缘不易撑开复位者,减压后经椎弓根性椎体植骨；对非相邻节段采用短节段分别固定。结果所有患者获得平均11．6个月(8～14个月)随访；除8例Frankel分级A级患者无改变外,其余均改善1～2级,畸形角较术前改善17．8°,压缩椎体高度平均恢复38．9%。无内固定失败等并发症。结论胸腰椎爆裂骨折采用后路手术不仅可恢复脊柱的稳定性,而且可矫正畸形、恢复受损节段的正常序列；对于出现脊髓及神经症状的患者,生命体征平稳后要尽早手术减压,恢复脊髓功能；同时要避免漏诊多节段骨折及非相邻多节段骨折。     

无神经症状胸腰椎爆裂骨折的手术疗效分析

目的 探讨无神经症状的胸腰椎爆裂骨折的后路手术疗效.方法 采用标准后路内固定和选择性减压植骨治疗无神经症状的胸腰椎爆裂骨折38例.结果 随访6～24个月,平均13个月,椎体前缘高度、椎体后凸Cobb角与术前相比均明显改善,无一例发生内固定失败.结论 采用脊柱椎弓根螺钉内固定系统治疗无神经症状的胸腰椎爆裂骨折可有效的使骨...     

脊柱压缩性、爆裂性骨折的X线平片及CT的诊断价值

目的探讨X线平片、CT检查对脊柱压缩性缩性、爆裂性骨折的诊断价值。方法收集我院2005年2月-2008年11月间136例胸腰椎压缩性、爆裂性骨折病例,观察分析X线平片及CT上的脊柱骨性结构、椎管损伤情况。结果X线平片上136例患者127例显示胸腰椎压缩性、爆裂骨折,其中14例椎管内见明确小骨片（10％）;9例未见明确骨折征象。CT上全部病例可见椎体粉碎骨折。40例前柱骨折;22例椎体中柱骨折;25例后柱骨折;脊柱前、中两柱同时骨折23例：前、中、后三柱同时骨折26例。结论CT检查更能显示脊柱压缩性、爆裂性骨折中骨折碎片、脊椎前,中,后柱损伤的详情,临床上要重视X线平片及cT检查的互补作用。     

Percutaneous vertebroplasty for the treatment of osteoporotic burst fractures

Background  Vertebroplasty is a minimally invasive surgical procedure which involves injecting polymethylmethacrylate into the compressed vertebral body. At present the indications include the treatment of osteoporotic compression fractures, vertebral myeloma, and metastases. The value of vertebroplasty in osteoporotic compression fracture has been discussed comprehensively. The surgical operation for burst fractures without neurological deficit remains controversial. Some authors have asserted that vertebroplasty is contraindicated in patients with burst fracture. However, we performed the procedure, after considering the patents general condition, to reduce surgical risks and the duration of immobilisation. The purpose of this study is to investigate clinical outcomes, kyphosis correction, wedge angle, and height restoration of thoraco-lumbar osteoporotic burst fractures treated by percutaneous vertebroplasty. Materials and methods  Twenty-five patients with osteoporotic burst fracture were treated with postural reduction followed by vertebroplasty. We measured the kyphosis, wedge angle, spinal canal compromise and the height of the fractured vertebral body initially, after postural reduction, and after vertebroplasty. Findings  The average height of the collapsed vertebral bodies was 24.8% of the original height. Average kyphosis angle was 19.4° and average wedge angle was 19.8° at first. Mean canal encroachment was initially 25.1%. Kyphosis angle, wedge angle, and anterior, middle, and posterior height improved significantly after the procedure. The mean amelioration of the spinal canal encroachment after vertebroplasty was 23.3%. The average increase in anterior vertebral body height was 7.5 mm, central was 5.8 mm, and posterior was 0.9 mm. The mean reduction in kyphosis angle was 6.8° and the mean reduction in wedge angle was 9.7°. Conclusion  Although vertebroplasty has been considered as contraindicated in thoraco-lumbar burst fractures, we successfully used the procedure as a safe treatment in patients with osteoporotic burst fracture without neurologic deficit. This method could eliminate the need for and risks of major spinal surgery. We would like to offer it as a relatively safe and effective methods of management in thoraco-lumbar burst fractures.     

Stabilization of the lower thoracic and lumbar spine with the internal spinal skeletal fixation system. Indications, techniques, and first results of treatment

Since 1984, 30 patients with burst fractures of the lower thoracic and lumbar spine were treated with AO internal spinal skeletal fixation system. All patients in this series had a minimum follow-up of 12 months. This new instrumentation is a posterior intrapedicular system developed by Dick in 1982. It allows stable fixation that is limited only to adjacent spinal segments. The internal fixator permits reduction in all three planes. Independently, it is possible to add distraction or compression to the involved segments. It also is able to reduce effectively the "middle column" which is thought to be accomplished by "ligamentotaxis." In this series there were 16 neurologically intact patients and 14 with partial or complete neurologic injury. There were two minor instrumentation loosenings early in the series. Most patients in this series had a near-anatomic reduction of all three columns in the involved segment. It was also possible to re-establish the normal lordosis of the lumbar spine. The device provided sufficient rigid fixation for rapid postoperative mobilization in a light external orthosis.     

“Outcome of thoracolumbar compression fractures following non-operative treatment”

Axial compressive/flexion moderate forces on the anterior spinal elements may cause vertebral compression fractures (VCF), compromising the anterior column of the spine, reducing vertebral body height and leading to characteristic wedge-shaped deformity. 60% to 75% of VCFs are located in the thoracolumbar junction (T12 – L2) due to mechanical forces upon the transition from the relatively fixed thoracic to the relatively mobile lumbar spine. Compression force spinal fractures vary in literature according to the classification system in use, resulting in controversial treatment options. Type A fracture patterns of AO classification are eligible for non-operative treatment provided the posterior complex is intact and there are no neurologic complications. That includes both simple compressive and burst fractures. The aim of this study is to investigate the long-term consequences of non-operative treated compressive thoracolumbar fractures regarding posttraumatic deformity, chronic back pain, and functional status. A retrospective study of 75 patients with stable (compressive and burst type A AO) spinal fractures of the thoracolumbar spine (T12-L2) without neurological symptoms and treated non-operatively was conducted. Post traumatic regional kyphosis, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) were used to evaluate deformity progression, pain and alteration of the quality of life during follow up. There was no significant correlation between magnitude of posttraumatic regional kyphosis, sex, pain score and disability index. Statistically significant correlation between patients age and disability index was revealed.     

Analysis of safety and effect of reconstructing anterior and middle columns by single posterior approach in treating lumbar burst fractures

Objective: To explore the safety and effect of the technique of reconstructing anterior and middle columns by posterior approach in treating lumbar burst fractures.Methods: From July 2005 to January 2007,22 cases (18 males and 4 females,aged 28-57 years,42.7years on average) of lumbar burst fractures were treated with surgical procedures in our hospital.Based on the routine posterior approach,one of the transverse processes of the injured vertebra was incised to get access to the lateral side of the injured vetebralbody.After all the displaced fracture fragments were cleared away and the spinal canal was decompressed,the titanium mesh packed with autografts was implanted from the lateral side to reconstruct the anterior and middle columns.The adjacent above and below segments of the vetebral body were fixed with transpedicular screws.The operation time,intraoperative blood loss,vertebral height,degree of kyphotic deformity and comprised spinal canal were documented.Results: The average operation time was 3.5 hours (ranging 2.8-5.8 hours) and the average blood loss was 820 ml (ranging 650-2 100 ml).All the cases were followed up for 17.2 months on average (ranging 12-28 months).The height of the injured vetebral body was restored from 24% (12%-45%) preoperatively to 96% (95%-99%) postoperatively (P＜0.05).The natural spinal curvatures and spinal canal were restored.Three cases were involved in transient iatrogenic nerve root injury and 1 case was involved in the loosening of the connected rod of the pedicle screw system 3 months postoperatively.Conclusions: The technique of implanting the titanium mesh by posterior approach is effective and safe enough to reconstruct the anterior and middle columns in treating lumbar burst fractures.     

Dural tears associated with lumbar burst fractures

A retrospective review of 817 spinal fracture patients revealed a 7.7% (20 of 258) incidence of dural tears in surgically treated patients. Dural tears were most common in the lumbar burst fractures (10 of 85). Twenty-five percent of patients with lumbar spine burst fractures and a neurologic deficit had a dural tear requiring repair. Eighty-six percent of patients with lumbar burst injuries and dural tears had a neurologic deficit. An initial posterior approach with inspection of the dura and stabilization of the fracture is recommended when treating lumbar burst fractures with a neural deficit.     

Non-contiguous spinal fractures

A retrospective review of 817 spinal fracture patients revealed a 6.4% (52/817) incidence of non-contiguous spine fractures. Seventy-three per cent of the non-contiguous injuries were comprised of combinations of injuries in the cervical and thoracic regions or in the thoracic and lumbar regions. Forty-five per cent of fractures were a combination of compression fractures, 40% a combination of a compression fracture and a major spine fracture (i.e., one more likely to cause a neurologic deficit), and 15% a combination of major fractures.     

经椎旁肌间隙入路在胸腰椎骨折治疗中的应用

 目的 探讨经椎旁肌间隙入路治疗胸腰椎骨折的手术方法及其与传统手术方法的比较。方法 2006年 10月至 2008年 10月, 52例无神经损伤表现的胸腰椎骨折患者被纳入研究。±据 Denis骨折分型, 压缩型骨折 17例, 爆裂型骨折 35例, 其中男 37例, 女 15例;年龄 18耀59岁, 平均 46.5岁。 T4骨折 1例, T7骨折 2例, T8骨折 1例, T10骨折 3例, T11骨折 5例, T12骨折 14例, L1骨折 16例, L2骨折 9例, L3骨折 1例。影像学检查示: 椎管内占位约1/3, 突入椎管骨块均匀完整, 无碎裂及翻转。患者±次纳入研究, 分为两组, 其中 20例患者采用传统后正中入路, 其他 32例患者采用经椎旁肌间隙入路, 均行后路椎弓根螺钉固定。结果两组患者在性别、年龄、损伤节段、受伤至手术时间及随访时间方面比较, 差异均无统计学意义。经肌间隙入路较传统后正中入路在手术时间、术中出血量、引流放置时间、术后引流量、术后下地时间, 疼痛视觉模拟评分及 Oswestry功能障碍指数等方面具有显著优势, 两组间比较各项指标差异均有统计学意义。至 2009年 10月, 所有患者均获得随访, 平均时间 21.5个月(12耀36个月), 所有患者伤椎椎体高度均无丢失, 内固定无松动、断裂。结论与传统手术方法相比, 经椎旁肌间隙入路治疗胸腰椎骨折可完整保留脊柱后方复合体结构, 具有创伤小、出血少和恢复快等优点, 是一种安全实用的手术方法, 疗效满意。     

Change in vertebral shape in spinal osteoporosis

Summary The change in vertebral shape with increasing severity of spinal osteoporosis was studied in 139 women with atraumatic spinal fractures. The anterior height was below the normal range in 570 vertebrae, and the posterior height was below normal in 157 vertebrae. All values below the normal range were defined as fractures. Ninety-eight percent of posterior fractures were associated with anterior fractures. The fractures involved both the anterior and posterior vertebral borders in 58/356 (17%) of the fractured vertebrae in patients with 6 or less fractures, compared with 93/217 (45%) of the fractured vertebrae in patients with 7 or more fractures. The distribution of anterior fractures was biphasic with peak frequencies at T7–T8 and T11–T12. Posterior fractures had a more lumbar distribution, perhaps resulting from higher compressive forces on the posterior vertebral border of the lordotic lumbar spine than on the kyphotic thoracic spine. The mean anterior and posterior height of nonfractured vertebrae in osteoporotics was not significantly different from normal, suggesting that osteoporotics do not have smaller vertebrae than normal subjects.     

A reduction-fixation system for unstable thoracolumbar burst fractures.

Thirty-three patients with unstable burst fractures of the lower thoracic and lumbar spine were treated with a reduction-fixation system. The new system is used both as a reduction and a fixation device for disorders of the lower thoracic and lumbar spine. In treatment of spinal fractures, it provides symmetric lordotic distraction to obtain the best possible reduction of intracanal fragments, and rigidly stabilizes the fractured vertebra while involving the minimum number of segments. All patients had a minimum follow-up of 24 months. Most patients in this series had a near-anatomic reduction of all three columns in the involved segment. The "indirect" neurologic decompression was successful in cases treated early after injury. The fixation was rigid enough to allow early mobilization and rehabilitation in a light orthosis within 1 week after surgery, and there was minimal loss of reduction during the follow-up period. The complications were minor. The reduction-fixation system achieved the surgical goals of posterior instrumentation for treatment of unstable thoracolumbar burst fractures.