空管糊剂治疗乳牙慢性根尖周炎

乳牙慢性根尖周炎的治疗 ,常规应用根管治疗术及变异干髓术。 1992年以来 ,我们采用空管药物疗法进行治疗 ,取得较好的疗效 ,报告如下。空管药物配方 :强力霉素 0 .1ｇ ,甲氧苄氨嘧啶 0 .1ｇ ,甲硝唑 0 .2ｇ ,强的松 5ｍｇ ,黄连素 0 .1ｇ ,研末后以丁香油调成糊剂装瓶备用。操作方法 :患牙常规开髓 ,去冠髓 ,清理根管 ,拭干后封ＦＣ棉捻 7ｄ ,复诊时无叩痛。去除原封物 ,根管口放 2ｍｍ厚空管糊剂 ,垫底 ,永久充填。术后 6个月～ 2年共复查 119例 ,132个牙 ,其中男 6 8例 6 9个牙 ,女 5 1例 6 3个牙 ,年龄 4～ 9岁。疗效评定成功 :Ｘ线片示…     

陶瓷化骨粉复合盖髓剂的研究与评价

目的　研究异体陶瓷化骨粉的相关理化性能及其复合制剂的体外抑菌效果 ,探索一种新的复合型生物盖髓材料。方法　对陶瓷化骨粉及其复合制剂 ,分别进行 pH测定 ,成分分析等检测 ,分组进行体外抑菌实验 ,并进行统计学分析。结果　陶瓷化骨粉含多量钙、磷、镁、铁、锌等人体必需微量元素 ,与一定量克林霉素复合 ,pH为7.5 ;0 .3g骨粉内加入 3 7.5ug克林霉素粉 ,即对三种实验菌有明显抑菌作用 ,优于单纯骨粉 ,骨粉碘仿糊剂及氢氧化钙糊剂。结论　陶瓷化骨粉克林霉素糊剂是一种值得深入研究的复合型生物盖髓材料     

复合药膜治疗急性牙周脓肿

采取切开引流,脓腔填塞自制的具有抗菌、消炎、止痛作用的灭滴灵、强力霉素、地塞米松、甲氧苄氨嘧啶复合药膜的方法治疗急性牙周脓肿,共44例,52个患牙。男30例,女14例,平均年龄42岁。牙周肿痛1～4ｄ。34个患牙为治疗组,18个患牙为对照组。复合药膜的制作:取灭滴灵片研粉与强力霉素粉、甲氧苄氨嘧啶粉,按1:1:1混匀。将2%利多卡因与地塞米松注射液(5ｍｇ/ｍｌ)按1:1混匀与适量甲基纤维素相溶制成稀糊状,然后加入上述混匀的药粉制成稠糊状,在玻璃板上铺成约1ｍｍ厚湿膜,使之自然干燥,干后药膜厚约0.5ｍｍ。治疗方法治疗组:切开牙周脓肿,消毒脱…     

复合生物陶瓷根管充填糊剂体外抑菌实验

目的测定复合生物陶瓷(compound bioactive ceramic,CBC)根管充填糊剂对感染根管内检出率较高的致病菌的抑菌杀菌作用.方法厌氧菌选用产黑色素普氏菌、放线菌、牙龈卟啉单胞菌、二氧化碳噬纤维菌;需氧菌选用金黄色葡萄球菌、a-溶血性链球菌、大肠杆菌.厌氧菌实验采用试管二倍稀释实验材料,用麦氏标准比浊管法(Mc Far Land)[1]比浊受试菌液浓度,比浊为6×105cfu/ml,测定CBC根充糊剂对受式厌氧菌的最小抑菌浓度(MIC),同时测定最小杀菌浓度(MBC);需氧菌实验受试菌液浓度比浊为1.5×108cfu/ml,采用纸片法,参照TMP/SMZ药物纸片标准[2],通过测量抑菌圈直径大小测定CBC根充糊剂对受试需氧菌的抑菌作用.结果CBC根充糊剂对4种厌氧菌的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)为15.62mg/ml,最小杀菌浓度(MBC)为31.25 mg/ml;对受试需氧菌金黄色葡萄球菌、a-溶血性链球菌、大肠杆菌的抑菌圈直径分别为13mm、12mm、10mm.结论实验用CBC根充糊剂对受试验厌氧细菌具有一定的杀菌抑菌作用,对受试需氧菌金黄色葡萄球菌、a-溶血性链球菌表现为中度敏感,对大肠杆菌表现为耐药.     

新型磷酸钙复合盖髓材料的体外抑菌作用

目的研究新型磷酸钙复合盖髓材料(CASBi)对常见致龋菌的体外抑菌作用。方法采用琼脂扩散法,通过测量抑菌圈直径大小,研究并比较CASBi与氢氧化钙糊剂、Dycal、自固化磷酸钙骨水泥(CPC)对变形链球菌(Sm)、粘性放线杆菌(Av)及嗜酸乳杆菌(La)的抑菌效果。结果CASBi对三种细菌都有明显的抑菌作用;氢氧化钙糊剂对3种实验菌有一定抑菌作用,但其抑菌环直径明显小于CASBi抑菌环直径(P<0.05);Dycal对变形链球菌无抑菌作用,对粘性放线菌和乳酸杆菌有较轻微的抑菌作用;CPC对3种细菌均无抑菌作用。结论CASBi对致龋菌有较强的抑菌作用。     

纳米材料根管封闭剂抗微生物作用的实验研究

目的：观察纳米材料的抗微生物作用。方法：用琼脂扩散法观察4种材料：①氧化锌丁香油糊剂组（ZOE）;②羟磷灰石糊剂组（HA）;③纳米氧化锌糊剂组（N-ZO）;④纳米羟磷灰石糊剂组（NHA）。检测调制后4个时间点（即刻、24h、48h、7d）的抗微生物作用。选择金黄色葡萄球菌、白色念珠菌、粪肠球菌作为实验菌种。结果：4个时间点,HA组和NHA组均没有显示出抑菌作用,ZOE组与N-ZO组的抑菌区域有显著差异（F=315.34,P〈0.0001）,ZOE组产生的抑菌区域大于N-ZO组;ZOE组与N-ZO组对3种细菌产生的抑菌区域也有显著性差异（F=642.91,P〈0.0001）,但两组均对粪肠球菌产生的抑菌区域最小;ZOE组与N-ZO组在不同时间点产生的抑菌区域有显著性差异（F=335.31,P〈0.0001）,但抑菌作用均随时间的延长呈递减趋势。结论：纳米氧化锌糊剂具有较强的抗微生物作用,羟磷灰石糊剂和纳米羟磷灰石糊剂无抑菌作用。     

3种治疗方法治疗乳磨牙尖周病的疗效比较

通过对乳磨牙尖周炎几种治疗方法的比较 ,以求找出更有效、更简便的治疗方法。1　临床资料1.1　一般资料门诊就诊患儿 5 14例 ,男 2 6 7例 ,女 2 47例。年龄 5～ 9岁 ,患牙 6 91个。急性尖周炎 35 4牙 ,慢性尖周炎 337牙。Ｘ线片显示 :尖周骨质破坏 ,有骨质稀疏区。1.2　药物　　干髓剂 :多聚甲醛干髓剂。　　根管充填剂 :氧化锌丁香油糊剂。　　空管糊剂 :红霉素 12 5ｍｇ,甲硝唑 2 0 0ｍｇ,地塞米松0 .75ｍｇ共同研成粉 ,用丁香油液调成糊剂。2　治疗方法上述病例随机分 3组。2 .1　变异干髓术组常规开髓制洞 ,清理髓腔 ,30ｍｌ/Ｌ过氧化…     

陶瓷化骨伙复合盖髓剂的研究与评价

目的：研究异体陶瓷化骨粉的相关理化性能及其复合制剂的体外抑菌效果，探索一种新的复合型生物盖髓材料。方法：对陶瓷化骨粉及其复合制剂，分别进行pH测定，成分分析等检测，分组进行体外抑菌实验，并进行统计学分析。结果：陶瓷化骨粉含多量钙、磷、镁、铁、锌等人体必需微量元素，与一定量克林霉素复合，pH为7．5；0．3g骨粉内加入37．5ug克林霉素粉，即对三种实验菌有明显报菌作用，优于单纯骨粉，骨粉碘仿糊剂及氢氧化钙糊剂。结论：陶瓷化骨粉克林霉素糊剂是一种值得深入研究的复合型生物盖髓材料。     

根管充填糊剂对根管常见混合细菌的体外抑制作用

目的：评价3种根管充填材料在体外根充模型中对根管常见混合细菌的抑制作用。方法收集因正畸治疗而新鲜拔除的下颌双尖牙48颗,常规制备根管,随机分为4组（每组12颗）。实验组分为3组,分别用AH-Plus糊剂、Vitapex糊剂和氧化锌丁香油糊剂加牙胶尖作根管充填,对照组不作充填。根充后行冷热循环处理。使用国际参考菌株变异链球菌、粘性放线菌、嗜酸乳杆菌、粪肠球菌、殊异韦永氏菌、牙龈卟啉菌和核梭杆菌。将等体积混合制备成的混合菌液封入根管。孵育后截取根上1/3、根中1/3、根尖1/3,进行细菌采样、培养,观察细菌菌落数。利用ANOVA （P=0.05）软件,分析各组间的差异。结果所有的样本均培养出细菌。粪肠球菌在根管的所有部位均有较高的检出率。根管残留细菌总数比较,在根上1/3 Vitapex糊剂抑菌作用优于AH-Plus,而在根尖1/3 AH-Plus糊剂抑菌作用优于Vitapex。结论根尖1/3处的抑菌作用而言,AH-Plus糊剂优于Vitapex糊剂和传统的氧化锌丁香油糊剂,更具临床意义。     

四种根管封闭剂抗微生物作用的体外评价

目的观察四种根管封闭剂的抗微生物作用:纳米氧化锌糊剂(N-ZO),纳米羟磷灰石糊剂(NHA),AH Plus,mineral trioxide aggregate(MTA)。方法采用琼脂扩散法,选择金黄色葡萄球菌、白色念珠菌、粪肠球菌、大肠杆菌作为实验菌种。观察37℃培养24小时的抑菌环直径。结果 MTA和NHA均没有显示出抑菌作用,只有AH Plus与N-ZO组对金黄色葡萄球菌、白色念珠菌、大肠杆菌有抑菌作用。其中N-ZO产生了最大的抑菌范围从8mm至18mm,粪肠球菌对所有的实验材料都抵抗。结论纳米氧化锌糊剂和AH Plus具有较强的抗微生物作用,而MTA和纳米羟磷灰石糊剂无抑菌作用。所有实验材料对粪肠球菌都没有抑菌作用。     

盐酸黄连素根管消毒糊剂的制备及其体外抑菌效果和细胞毒性评价

目的    制备一种以盐酸黄连素（berberine hydrochloride，BBH）为主要成分的新型根管消毒糊剂，评价其体外抑菌作用和细胞毒性，并探索BBH治疗感染根管的潜在应用价值。方法    制备一种以BBH为主要成分的新型根管消毒糊剂，该糊剂以聚乙二醇作为溶剂，并添加壳聚糖、硫酸钡等辅助成分。效果评价以氢氧化钙糊剂作为对照，检测其X线阻射性、pH值和流动性，滤纸片扩散法分析各种糊剂对粪肠球菌的抑菌作用，CCK8法检测各种糊剂对牙周膜干细胞和牙髓干细胞的细胞毒性。结果    研究制备了BBH质量浓度为0.1 g/mL和0.2 g/mL的两种新型根管消毒糊剂，调整pH值为7 ~ 8，发现糊剂有良好的流动性和X线阻射性，且两种新型糊剂对粪肠球菌的抑菌效果均优于氢氧化钙糊剂（P < 0.05），其中0.2 g/mL的糊剂抑菌效果更好。另外，两种新型糊剂对体外培养的牙周膜干细胞和牙髓干细胞均无毒性。结论    以BBH为主要成分的新型根管消毒糊剂，具有良好的抑菌作用，且无细胞毒性。BBH具有应用于治疗感染根管的潜力，该新型根管消毒糊剂具有较高的临床应用价值。     

Antimicrobial analysis of different root canal filling pastes used in pediatric dentistry by two experimental methods

The objective of this study was to compare, by two experimental methods, the antimicrobial efficacy of different root canal filling pastes used in pediatric dentistry. The tested materials were: Guedes-Pinto paste (GPP), zinc oxide-eugenol paste (OZEP), calcium hydroxide paste (CHP), chloramphenicol + tetracycline + zinc oxide and eugenol paste (CTZP) and Vitapex. Fiven microbial strains (S. aureus, E. faecalis, P. aeruginosa, B. subtilis and C. albicans) obtained from the American Type Culture Collection were inoculated in Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) and incubated at 37 degrees C for 24 h. For the direct exposure test (DET), 72 paper points were contaminated with the standard microbial suspensions and exposed to the root canal filling pastes for 1, 24, 48 and 72 h. The points were immersed in Letheen Broth (LB), followed by incubation at 37 degrees C for 48 h. An inoculum of 0.1 mL obtained from LB was then transferred to 7 mL of BHI, under identical incubations conditions and the microbial growth was evaluated. The pastes showed activity between 1 and 24 h, depending on the material. For the agar diffusion test (ADT), 30 Petri plates with 20 mL of BHI agar were inoculated with 0.1 mL of the microbial suspension, using sterile swabs that were spread on the medium. Three cavities were made in each agar plate (total = 90) and completely filled with one of the filling root canal pastes. The plates were pre-incubated for 1 h at room temperature and then incubated at 37 degrees C for 24 to 48 h. The inhibition zone around each well was recorded in mm. The complete antimicrobial effect in the direct exposure test was observed after 24 h on all microbial indicators. All root canal filling materials induced the formation of inhibition zones, except for Vitapex (range, 6.0-39.0 mm).     

Spectrophotometric Analysis of Crown Discoloration Induced by Various Antibiotic Pastes Used in Revascularization

Introduction

Antibiotic pastes are used for disinfection in regenerative endodontic procedures. This study evaluated the crown discoloration induced by various antibiotic pastes including the mixture of metronidazole and ciprofloxacin with minocycline, doxycycline, amoxicillin, or cefaclor.

Methods

Seventy extracted bovine incisors were sectioned to obtain a standardized root length of 10 mm above the facial cementoenamel junction. After pulp tissue removal, irrigation with sodium hypochlorite and the placement of temporary filling material and cotton pellet were performed from the apical aspect. The specimens were then randomly divided into 7 groups (n = 10 for each group), and each group received the following antibiotic paste fillings: no filling (control group), calcium hydroxide, double antibiotic paste (DAP), triple antibiotic paste (TAP) with minocycline, TAP with doxycycline, TAP with amoxicillin, and TAP with cefaclor. Spectrophotometric readings were obtained on the buccal surfaces of the crown on day 1 to week 3 after filling, and the ΔE value was calculated. Data were analyzed with 2-way analysis of variance and the Tukey post hoc tests (P = .05), and the human perceptibility threshold was set to 3.7.

Results

TAP with minocycline, doxycycline, and cefaclor induced more coronal discoloration compared with the control group (P < .05). The control, calcium hydroxide, and DAP groups showed no color changes exceeding the perceptibility threshold at all time points.

Conclusions

The results indicated that all antibiotic pastes, except DAP, induced crown discoloration.     

Root discolouration following short‐term application of steroid medicaments containing clindamycin,doxycycline or demeclocycline

Discolouration of teeth following application of intra‐canal antibiotic pastes is a clinical concern. This laboratory study compared the extent of tooth discolouration from three antibiotic pastes over 4 weeks. A total of 120 root samples were prepared and the canals filled with either Ledermix (demeclocyline), Odontopaste (clindamycin) or DoxyPaste (doxycycline). Roots were photographed before and 2 or 4 weeks after incubation at 37°C and 100% humidity in complete darkness in opaque containers. Digital images were standardised and assessed for changes in luminosity. Ledermix paste caused the most discolouration of the three, at both 2 and 4 weeks. There was no significant difference between DoxyPaste and Odontopaste at 2 weeks, whereas at 4 weeks, DoxyPaste caused a greater decrease in luminosity (P < 0.05), darkening more over the second 2‐week interval than treatment with Odontopaste (P < 0.05). Under zero light conditions, staining with Ledermix can still occur; indicating non‐light‐based chemical reactions in the staining process. Doxycycline containing intra‐canal medicaments caused less staining despite being a tetracycline‐based medicament.     

Effect of calcium hydroxide pastes on uninstrumented canal wall studied with scanning electron microscopy

Calcium hydroxide (Calpha(OH)2) paste has been used as a root canal dressing for long time and promotes healing of vital pulp and periapical tissues. The aim of this study was to evaluate the dissolving effect of calcium hydroxide paste mixed with different vehicles on uninstrumented canal walls using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Twenty one recently extracted single-root teeth were used. The crowns were removed and the root sections were divided longitudinally into two halves. The pulp tissue was removed and the specimens were randomly divided into 7 groups. The control group was immediately fixed without any treatment. The canals in the other groups were filled with the different calcium hydroxide pastes: group 1 (n = 6), with saline solution; group 2 (n = 6) with propylene glycol; group 3 (n = 6) with propylene glycol and camphorated p-monochlorophenol; group 4 (n = 6) with sodium hypochlorite; group 5 (n = 6) with chorhexidine 1%, group 6 (n = 6) with iodine potassium iodide 0.1/0.2%. The specimens were kept in an incubator at 100% humidity and 37 degrees C, removed after 14 days, and washed ultrasonically for 10 min. Then they were fixed with glutaraldehyde and examined with scanning electron microscopy The percentage of organic remains and paste were evaluated and scored. The data were analyzed using the Kruskal- Wallis test. In groups 1, 5 and 2 there were more cavities without organic remains than in the other groups (p < 0.05). However, there was no difference among them (p > 0.05). The paste in group 3 cleaned only 5%. In groups 4, 6 and 7 (control) the canals walls were wholly covered with fiber, cells, and residual paste, the percentage cleaned was 0. This study shows that Calpha(OH)2 pastes with saline solution, with chlorhexidine and with propylene glycol have a greater dissolving effect on the canal walls than the other pastes evaluated.     

Vitapex和碘仿氧化锌丁香油糊剂治疗乳牙尖周炎的疗效对比观察

目的:比较V itapex和碘仿氧化锌丁香油糊剂对乳牙尖周炎的疗效。方法:在心理疏导争取患儿配合的前提下,行常规根管治疗术,采用两种不同的根管糊剂根充,进行疗效对比分析。结果:注射式V itapex根充糊剂与碘仿氧化锌丁香油根充糊剂远期治疗效果有显著差异;乳磨牙的治疗效果差异更为显著。结论:注射式V itapex根充糊剂优于碘仿氧化锌丁香油根充糊剂,更适合作为临床常规乳牙根管充填剂。     

新型根管糊剂的制备及其理化性能检测

目的 研制一种新型的根管糊剂材料，并对其进行常规理化性能的检测。方法 1．利用废弃的人和动物（牛和猪）牙采用高能物理工艺去除有机成分，提取无机成分，分别对比检验保留成份的纯度、成分、物理化学性质。2．参照ISO标准检测操作性能。3．封闭性实验：前牙30颗，氧化锌丁香油糊剂和TI水糊剂根管充填后，浸泡人同一1％亚甲蓝染料瓶中，测量距根尖染色长度值。结果 1．牙齿经过处理后，氮元素含量（0．0000％）；这种白色粉末是由晶态羟基磷灰石和Ca7 Mg2 P6 O2以及非晶态的磷酸钙、磷酸镁、氧化钙和氧化镁等天然组合而成，含有十多种少量和微量元素，白度86．1WB，粒径〈0．045mm，pH=10．20，水溶解度6．80％，0．1mol盐酸溶解度51．22％，不溶入有机溶剂；2．流动值15．8mm，工作时间在30～35min之间，固化时间为22h，固化后溶解率0．7445％，符合ISO标准。3．TI糊剂组与氧化锌丁香油糊剂组的染色值无显著差异（P〉0．05），TI糊剂的根管封闭性能符合要求。结论 高能物理方法从牙中提取无机物的工艺可行，提取物的水糊剂的操作性封闭性符合ISO标准，成份结构属于新型。     

Residual antibacterial activity of chlorhexidine digluconate and camphorated p-monochlorophenol in calcium hydroxide-based root canal dressings

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the residual antibacterial activity of several calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)2]-based pastes, placed in root canals of dogs' teeth with induced chronic periapical lesions. Root canals were instrumented with the ProFile rotary system and filled with 4 pastes: G1 (n=16): Ca(OH)2 paste + anesthetic solution; G2 (n=20): Calen paste + camphorated p-monochlorophenol (CMCP); G3 (n=18): Calen; and G4 (n=18): Ca(OH)2 paste + 2% chlorhexidine digluconate. After 21 days, the pastes were removed with size 60 K-files and placed on Petri plates with agar inoculated with Micrococcus luteus ATCC 9341. Pastes that were not placed into root canals served as control. After pre-diffusion, incubation and optimization, the inhibition zones of bacterial growth were measured and analyzed by Mann-Whitney U test at 5% significance level. All pastes showed residual antibacterial activity. The control samples had larger halos (p<0.05). The mean residual antibacterial activity halos in G1, G2, G3 and G4 were 7.6; 10.4; 17.7 and 21.4 mm, respectively. The zones of bacterial growth of G4 were significantly larger than those of G1 and G2 (p<0.05). In conclusion, regardless of the vehicle and antiseptic, all Ca(OH)2-based pastes showed different degrees of measurable residual antibacterial activity. Furthermore, unlike CMCP, chlorhexidine increased significantly the antibacterial activity of Ca(OH)2.     

Resin-to-enamel bonds: effect of cleaning the enamel surface with prophylaxis pastes containing fluoride or oil.

A thorough dental prophylaxis before acid-etching of enamel is often recommended. In the method most commonly used, a slurry of pumice is applied with a rubber cup. Oil-based and fluoride-containing prophylaxis pastes are not generally recommended because of fears that they might hinder the etching process. This study assessed the 24-hour shear strength of resin (Scotchbond 2/Silux Plus) bonded to etched enamel which had been cleaned before acid-etching with a slowly rotating rubber cup loaded with: (1) wet pumice; (2) fluoride-containing non-oil-based pastes (En-De-Kay fluoride paste, Nupro fluoride paste); (3) non-fluoride oil-based paste (Kemdent); and (4) nonfluoride non-oil-based pastes (Nupro, Orapol). The bond strength values obtained after using the various cleaning agents were similar. Furthermore, bond failure in all the test groups was of the cohesive type. It therefore appears that prophylaxis pastes containing fluoride or oil may be used to clean the enamel before acid-etching.     

两种根管充填糊剂对犬根尖周组织修复的作用

目的：采用国产注射型自固化磷酸钙（CPC）与进口注射型氢氧化钙（Vitapex）作为根管充填材料，比较根尖周炎动物模型中CPC、Vitapex超填后，超填材料的吸收和根尖周组织的修复情况，为临床应用CPC提供理论依据。方法：选用3条健康成年杂种犬上、下颌P2、P3、M1共36个实验牙（共计78个根管），随机分为CPC组、Vitapex组及空白对照组。应用CPC、Vitapex作为根管充填材料，在人为造成根尖周炎后进行根管充填并使其超充，定期X线摄片，观察比较两种糊剂的吸收、根尖周稀疏区的变化，以及根尖周组织的修复情况。结果：CPC组、Vitapex组超填材料均可吸收，根尖周稀疏区缩小，两组材料组织切片显示在根尖孔附近均有新骨形成。CPC组根管内材料出现吸收情况较Vitapex组严重。结论：CPC糊剂对根尖周组织无刺激，适量超填可促进根尖周骨缺损修复，超填材料可完全吸收，但同时根管内充填糊剂亦存在吸收，其机制、意义、解决办法有待深入研究。