食管胃结合部腺癌的外科治疗

食管胃结合部癌的发病率呈持续上升的趋势,尤其是在西方国家。外科手术切除仍然是治疗食管胃结合部癌的基石。由于肿瘤位于食管和胃的结合部,所以对其定义、分型、分期和手术方式都还存在一些争议。Siewert分型是目前认可程度最高的分型方法。对于进展期SiewertⅠ型食管胃结合部癌,其生物学特性和外科治疗方案更接近于食管癌;对于进展期SiewertⅡ、Ⅲ型食管胃结合部癌,外科治疗方案更接近于胃癌。而对于早期食管胃结合部癌,可以采用内镜切除或者缩小手术。     

明晰概念,规范食管胃结合部腺癌外科治疗

近年来,胃癌研究领域中有两个事实不容忽视,一是世界范围内胃癌的发病率和死亡率呈现明显下降趋势[1];二是在西方国家食管胃结合部腺癌(adenocarcinoma of esophagogastric junction,AEG)的发病率呈现逐渐上升的趋势[2],这可能与西方人群肥胖、食管胃反流性疾病有关[3]。我国是胃癌高发国家,农村胃癌死亡率居高不下,在城市远端胃癌发病率略有下降,总体5年生存率提高不多。     

食管胃结合部腺癌外科治疗现状与争议

食管胃结合部腺癌的发病率在全球范围内呈上升趋势。由于肿瘤位于食管和胃的结合部,因此,有关手术方式、淋巴结清扫、食管和胃的切除范围、微创技术应用等问题尚未达成共识,存在争议。但手术仍然应该重视术前分期和分型的准确性,遵循恶性肿瘤根治手术的基本原则,合理选择规范化和个体化治疗策略。未来食管胃结合部腺癌的诊治将需要通过多学科协作的模式来共同完成。     

食管胃结合部腺癌的外科治疗原则

近年来,远端胃癌发病率在世界范围内均呈下降趋势,与之相反,食管胃结合部腺癌（AEG）的发病率自20世纪70年代起持续升高。由于AEG处于胸腹交界处这一特殊部位,有着相对独立的临床病理特征和治疗策略。随着微创外科技术的进展,虽然少数早期AEG病例可通过内镜黏膜下剥离术等微创手术达到治愈切除的效果,     

食管胃结合部腺癌的手术原则

食管胃结合部腺癌（AEG）在欧美地区急剧增加,引起世界范围的高度关注。我国虽有散见的相关研究报道,但对AEG治疗现状的把握是困难的。目前对AEG的规范化治疗正在逐渐形成共识。早期AEG的治疗是以内镜下黏膜切除术（EMR）、内镜黏膜下剥离术（ESD）、腹腔镜下手术、缩小手术为主。进展期AEG的治疗,SiewertⅠ型患者作为食管癌处理,开胸手术、纵隔淋巴结清扫可获得良好的预后效果;SiewertⅡ、Ⅲ型患者行开胸手术获益少,作为胃癌手术清扫更为妥当,经腹食管裂孔扩大、下段食管切除、全胃切除、下纵隔腹腔淋巴结（D：）清扫。     

食管胃结合部腺癌

近年来食管胃结合部癌肿发病率明显上升,欧美国家年增长率达5％～10％,逐渐引起人们的重视。1987年德国学者Siewert提出“食管胃结合部腺癌”的概念,定义为食管胃结合部上下5 cm区域内的腺癌,分为3型。亚洲以Ⅱ型和Ⅲ型多见,5年生存率没有差别;西方国家则3种类型比例相当。其中Ⅰ型预后最好,Ⅲ型最差。目前认为这是一...     

微创Ivor-Lewis食管切除术在食管胃结合部腺癌中的应用

目的探讨微创Ivor-Lewis食管切除术(minimally invasive Ivor-Lewis esophagectomy,MI-ILE)治疗食管胃结合部腺癌的可行性。方法回顾性分析2018年1月~2019年6月MI-ILE治疗食管胃结合部腺癌48例资料。SiewertⅠ型11例,Ⅱ型31例,Ⅲ型6例。病灶距门齿距离(38.8±2.5)cm。结果手术时间(250.8±42.0)min,术中出血(120.3±67.0)ml。均行R0切除。27例术前新辅助治疗,26例(96%)术后病理显示部分缓解。清扫淋巴结(28.6±10.6)枚,36例淋巴结转移(8.0±5.0)枚。术后吻合口漏2例(4%),1例手术治疗,1例保守治疗,均痊愈。术后住院日(9.7±3.2)d。平均随访14个月(5~22个月),肿瘤均无复发,无死亡。结论MI-ILE治疗食管胃结合部腺癌可以保证满意的上下切缘和足够的淋巴结清扫范围,手术安全可靠。     

食管胃交界部腺癌的微创外科治疗

1987年,Siewert等[1]基于食管-胃交界部的解剖特点,认为远端食管癌和贲门癌属于同一种疾病,首次提出了食管胃交界部癌的概念.2000年,WHO肿瘤分类中将食管胃交界部腺癌（adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction,AEG）单独列出,并将其定义为骑跨于食管和胃交界部（esophagogastric junction,EGJ）的腺癌性病变,包括许多以前归入胃贲门癌的病例,但未界定其解剖位置和分型.     

从腹部外科视角探讨食管胃结合部腺癌的外科进展与争议

食管胃结合部腺癌( adenocarcinoma of esophagogastric junction,AEG)通常指的是接触或跨越食管胃结合部( esophagogastric junction,EGJ)的腺癌.过去30年,AEG的发病率显著升高,引起了包括腹部外科、胸外科医师的广泛关注.日本国立癌症中心的数据表明...     

Minimally invasive surgery

Minimally invasive surgery (MIS), or laparoscopic surgery, plays a vital role in residency training in a number of surgical disciplines including general surgery, surgical oncology, colorectal surgery, pediatric surgery, and thoracic surgery. The tremendous patient demand for MIS over the past 2 decades has resulted in surgeons rapidly embracing this technique. Many general surgery residencies cover basic laparoscopy within their residency program; however, the experience with more advanced cases is more variable. This career resource guides the interested medical student and physician to opportunities for fellowship training in MIS. It includes a discussion of the specialty, training requirements, grant funding, research fellowships, and pertinent societies.     

Minimally invasive pancreatic surgery

Robotic surgery remains in its infancy, and little experience has been reported, as surgeons carefully explore the application of this type of technology to diseases of the pancreas. While challenging and controversial, Dr. Zollinger would most likely support the ongoing research in the techniques of pancreatic surgery that can lead only to an improvement in the outcomes of our patients.     

Minimally invasive parathyroid surgery

Background: Minimally invasive access for the treatment of primary hyperparathyroidism is becoming widespread, but several different approaches have been proposed in the literature. Methods: We describe the three main types of mini-invasive parathyroidectomy, with particular attention to the gasless video-assisted procedure, which is now routinely performed at our institution. Results: Eighty-nine patients with a preoperatively localized single adenoma were successfully treated. Operative time was 58 mins, and there were only five conversions. Discussion: After comparing the different approaches described in literature, we conclude that mini-invasive parathyroidectomy is feasible and can provide additional benefits not available with traditional surgery. At present, however, this operation can be recommended only for patients with sporadic disease, localized lesions, and absence of goiter and prior neck surgery. Received: 8 August 1999/Accepted: 13 December 2000/Online publication: 14 September 2000     

Minimally invasive abdominal surgery: lux et veritas past, present, and future

BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic surgery has developed out of multiple technology innovations and the desire to see beyond the confines of the human body. As the instrumentation became more advanced, the application of this technique followed. By revisiting the historical developments that now define laparoscopic surgery, we can possibly foresee its future. DATA SOURCES: A Medline search was performed of all the English-language literature. Further references were obtained through cross-referencing the bibliography cited in each work and using books from the authors' collection. CONCLUSION: Minimally invasive surgery is becoming important in almost every facet of abdominal surgery. Optical improvements, miniaturization, and robotic technology continue to define the frontier of minimally invasive surgery. Endoluminal resection surgery, image-guided surgical navigation, and remotely controlled robotics are not far from becoming reality. These and advances yet to be described will change laparoscopic surgery just as the electric light bulb did over 100 years ago.     

提高对食管胃结合部肿瘤的认识

食管胃结合部肿瘤、尤其是食管胃结合部腺癌的发病率正在逐年增高.该部位肿瘤在解剖、生理及病理等方面都存在着特殊性,国内及国际学者对该部位肿瘤的治疗尚未达成共识,故目前亦无一致认同的治疗规范.因此,我们有必要提高对该区域肿瘤的进一步认识,寻找更加合理、可行的治疗策略.     

Minimally invasive cardiac surgery by the port-access method

Recently, minimally invasive surgery has come to be an important theory in cardiac surgery, the goal of which is shortening of hospital stay, earlier recovery of employment, and cosmetics. In this paper, we will describe our experience with port-access cardiac surgery conducted under the support of our new technology. This study assesses the quality of cardiac surgery performed by the port-access method. The author developed a direct endoaortic clamp balloon (Yozu balloon). This balloon is a triple-lumen balloon catheter of 3.6 mm in outer diameter and 40 cm in full length. The balloon is inserted directly into the ascending aorta. Injection of cardioplegic solution and aortic vent can be conducted. Also, we introduce a modified Cosgrove flex clamp to apply in small-incision surgery, aiming at a less invasive procedure. The modified point is that the original, united Cosgrove flex clamp can be divided into the handle part equipped with a ratchet, and the bellows part equipped with a clamp jaw. By this modification, it became possible to apply the Cosgrove flex clamp transthoracically; that is, it became possible to conduct aortic clamping safely and securely through this small port of 8 mm in diameter. Port-access cardiac surgery is one of the developing and promising methods of cardiac operation. In view of future technological progress, we can expect the gradual but wide popularization of this method.     

胆囊息肉的微创外科治疗

目的：观察没有合并结石,胆囊功能良好的良性胆囊息肉患,行经皮内镜胆囊息肉切除术的疗效。方法;85例胆囊息肉,硬膜外麻醉,胆囊底部皮肤小切口,插入胆镜到胆囊内,用自制微波电极加热凝固鼻肉蒂部或基底部,切除息肉并作病理检查。术后定期随访。结果：全部手术均顺利,平均手术时间1-1.5h。67例平均随访5．5年（2－9年）结果无任何症状,B超检查64例胆囊功能完好,无结石或息肉复发。结论：该方法创伤小,效果好,并发症少,对于胆囊良性息肉且胆囊功能良好是一种合理选择。     

Minimally invasive management of anastomotic leaks in colorectal surgery

Anastomotic leakage is an unfortunate complication of colorectal surgery. This distressing situation can cause severe morbidity and significantly affects the patient's quality of life. Additional interventions may cause further morbidity and mortality. Parenteral nutrition and temporary diverting ostomy are the standard treatments of anastomotic leaks. However, technological developments in minimally invasive treatment modalities for anastomotic dehiscence have caused them to be used widely. These modalities include laparoscopic repair, endoscopic self-expandable metallic stents, endoscopic clips, over the scope clips, endoanal repair and endoanal sponges. The review aimed to provide an overview of the current knowledge on the minimally invasive management of anastomotic leaks.