心包炎患者心包切除术后的病因分析

目的：探讨心包炎心包切除术后的病因诊断，以提高心包炎的临床诊断水平。方法：回顾性分析52例行心包切除术并有病理检查结果的心包炎临床与病理资料。结果：结核性14例(26.9％)，癌性4例(7.7％)．非特异性改变34例，其中2例为创伤性、1例为放射性，其他31例(59．7％)原因不能确定。与非特异性组比较，结核性心包炎患者的病程较短(P＜0．01)，有发热、急性心包炎、中至大量心包积液和心脏压塞病史者较多(P＜0．05—0．01）；4例癌性心包炎均表现为顽固性渗液性心包炎。结论：缩窄性心包炎多数病例病因不明，在巳知的病因中，以结核多见；顽固性心包渗液多见于恶性肿瘤。     

73例心包积液病因学分析

心包积液由多种病因引起 ,本文对 1 992～ 1 999年住院的 73例心包积液患者的病因进行分析 ,报道如下。1 临床资料一般资料　 73例中男 4 3例 ,女 30例 ,年龄 1 8～ 80岁 ,平均 ( 39.2± 2 1 .7)岁。根据详细询问病史、体格检查、实验室检查、影像学等检查后进行诊断。病因　 73例中癌性心包积液 1 8例 ( 2 4 .6 6 % ) ,心力衰竭所致心包积液 1 5例 ( 2 0 .55% ) ,其中冠状动脉粥样硬化型心脏病 5例 ,高血压性心脏病、风湿性心瓣膜病、先天性心脏病各 2例 ,扩张型心肌病 4例。结核性心包积液 1 2例 ( 1 6 .4 4% )。尿毒症性心包积液 8例( 1…     

心包穿刺留置导管引流加尿激酶灌洗法治疗结核性心包积液14例临床观察

心包炎是最常见的心包病变 ,可有多种致病因素引起 ,急性心包炎常伴有心包渗液 ,短期内心包的渗液可造成急性心包填寒而危及患者生命。我们自1 999年应用经皮心包穿刺留置导管引流治疗中量以上心包积液 1 4例 ,收到良好效果。1 .对象与方法1 .1　对象　本组病例均系临床确诊的结核性渗出性心包炎患者 ,男 8例 ,女 6例 ;年龄 2 2 - 6 5岁。超声心动图、X线检查示中等量以上积液 ,部份形成积液包裹和心包粘连。1 .2　方法　 (1 )经超声心动图对心脏定位或剑突下 ,行常规皮肤消毒、局麻后 ,采用中心静脉导管行经皮穿刺心包腔置管缓慢引流心包…     

纤维心包镜对心包积液的病因学诊断价值

目的:通过在纤维心包镜下对心包病变直视观察,对心包组织多处活检,从而对心包积液进行病因学诊断,评价纤维心包镜的临床应用价值。方法:42例心包积液患者均进行常规检查做出病因的临床诊断(A组)。用纤维心包镜观察心包形态学改变并心包组织病理检查,明确病理诊断(B组)。比较两种方法所得各种病因的发生率。结果:纤维心包镜在非特异性心包积液、癌性心包积液、化脓性心包积液的病因学诊断与临床诊断基本一致,而对结核性心包积液的诊断明显优于临床诊断。结论:纤维心包镜在心包积液的病因学诊断方面有临床应用价值。     

心包积液的临床和分析指标

前瞻性研究83例心包积液确诊患者的临床和生化资料。其病因如下:特发性42例(50%),结核性18例(22%),肿瘤性14例(17%),其他病因混杂者9例(11%)。结核组的沉降率明显更高(67～102,P<0.05),其心包积液中腺苷脱氨酶水平最高(110U/L,P<0.001)。结核组有8例患者是通过痰液结核杆菌培养确诊的,有11例是通过心包活检确诊的。通过心包积液分析诊断了25例(30%)患者。心包活检是诊断结核性心包炎的最可靠方法。心包积液的临床和分析指标@Cubero G.I.$Cardiology Department, Hospital Central de Asturias, Julin Clavera s/n, 33006 Oviedo, S…     

72例次心包穿刺的经验与体会

198 4年以来 ,我院内科采用Ｂ超定位、心电监护下进行心包穿刺 5 7例 ,共 72人次 ,取得较好的效果 ,现总结如下。1　对象本组病例全部为住院患者 ,均经胸Ｘ线片、Ｂ超检查确诊为中等量至大量心包积液 ,其中结核性 5 1例 ,非特异性心包炎1例 ,癌性心包炎 5例。2　方法心包穿刺前Ｂ超观察心包积液 ,确认右室前壁或左室前壁液性暗区 >10ｍｍ时方可决定心包穿刺。采用心尖部或剑突下液平段较大的部位为穿刺点 ,Ｂ超定位 ,确定从穿刺点至心包腔的距离及舒张期时至心肌的距离 ,从而确定进针的最大长度。穿刺在心电监护下进行 ;心包积液较多者术前…     

特发性慢性心包炎伴血性心包积液

本文总结分析8例经手术和病理证实的慢性特发性心包炎伴血性心包积液患者的临床表现与手术和随访结果。所有患者均有静脉压增高(23～37.5cmH_2O),大量心包积液和心包缩窄的其它体征,多次心包穿刺抽液不能缓解症状。所有患者都进行了心包切除术,1例术后2天死于低排综合征,余7例被随访12～89个月(平均41个月),症状消失3例、好转2例、后期死亡2例。总之,本病应与心包肿瘤和结核性心包炎鉴别,早期心包切除术可明显改善症状和预后,个别心肌受累严重的患者手术疗效差。     

多指标检测对诊断癌性胸腔积液的价值探讨

目的探讨诊断癌性胸腔积液快速、准确的方法。方法 :用免疫放射分析法联合检测 4 5例癌性胸液中癌胚抗原 (CEA)、糖链抗原 5 0 (CA5 0 )及表皮细胞生长因子 (EGF)水平 ,并以 4 0例结核性胸腔积液作对照。结果显示癌性胸液中CEA、CA5 0及EGF水平明显高于对照组 (P <0 .0 1) ;CA5 0和EGF单指标诊断癌性胸腔积液的敏感性和特异性均高于CEA(P <0 .0 5 )。三项指标联测诊断癌性胸腔积液的敏感性为 84 .4 % ,特异性为 94 .4 % ,准确性为 92 .3%。结论 :CEA、CA5 0及EGF的同步检测对诊断癌性胸腔积液有重要价值。     

心包积液81例病因及误诊分析

目的:分析引起心包积液的病因与误诊原因.方法:对2002～2010年收治的81例心包积液患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析.结果:81例心包积液的主要病因依次是肿瘤性19例(23.4%),结核性16例(16.0%),心力衰竭性11例(13.6%),非特异性9例(11.1%),甲状腺功能减退性7例(8.6%),尿毒症性5例(6...     

中药治疗一例心包积液的体会

心包积液在临床上比较少见,一般心包积液是由于急性心包炎引起心包渗液所造成的。常见的心包炎有四种：结核性、化脓性、非特异性和风湿性。其中结核性心包炎产生的心包积液常常是大量的。我在门诊用中药治疗一例结核性心包积液病人。服中药前超声心动图示：心包积液中至大量,经过服中药几十剂复查,心包积液少至中量。以后随访心包积液已完全消失。现将治疗用药及体会报告于下。     

TEMPORAL TRENDS IN ETIOLOGY AND IN-HOSPITAL OUTCOME IN CHINESE PATIENTS WITH PERICARDIAL EFFUSION： 10-YEAR EXPERIENCE OF A SINGLE CENTER

Objective To evaluate the evolution of etiology, clinical characteristics, and in-hospital outcomes of pericardial effusions in the recent decade. Methods All patients with a diagnosis of pericardial effusion during hospitalization were recruited from the Hospital Inpatient System between January 1996 and December 2005. Demographic and clinical characteristics, laboratory measurements, echocardiographic and treatment features, and in-hospital outcomes were retrospectively reviewed by using a standardized data collection form. Results One hundred and fifty-three consecutive patients were recruited. Mild, moderate and large pericardial effusion occurred in 61 (40%), 52 (34%) and 40 (26%) patients, respectively. The most frequent etiologic diagnoses were tuberculous pericarditis (n=50, 33%), malignancy (n=36, 24%) and idiopathic pericarditis (n=35, 23%). Large effusions were more likely associated with malignancy (P<0.01).Compared to the initial 5 years (from 1996 to 2000), the incidence of tuberculous effusion was decreased but neoplastic effusion increased significantly in the recent 5 years (from 2001 to 2005). Forty-four patients underwent percardiocentesis (tuberculous in 23, neoplastic in 16, and others in 5) and 28 patients required pericardectomy (tuberculous in 11 and neoplastic in 17). One patient with tuberculous and 3 patients with neoplastic pericardial effusion died during hospitalization. Conclusion Tuberculosis remains the major cause of pericardial effusion, but neoplastic pericardial effusions are on the rise. Pericardial drainage or pericardectomy are often required for symptomatic relief in those with malignancy-caused pericardial effusion.     

小儿肺吸虫性心包炎43例临床分析

目的 :探讨小儿肺吸虫性心包炎的临床特点。方法 :对 4 3例肺吸虫性心包炎患儿的诊断及治疗效果进行回顾性分析。结果 :临床表现多样。 34例用吡喹酮、心包穿刺及心包切开引流等综合治疗 ,随访 30例 ,2 6例痊愈 ,4例转为缩窄性心包炎 ,均行心包剥脱术后痊愈。结论 :仔细询问食蟹史 ,常规查外周血和心包穿刺液嗜酸性粒细胞绝对计数 ,肺吸虫抗原皮内试验 ,可早期确诊本病。病程较长才开始治疗的患儿 ,临床痊愈后仍有发生心包缩窄的可能。     

Tuberculosis myocarditis: a case report

A 35-year old man presented with fever, weight loss, drenching night sweats and symptoms of cardiac failure for three months. Examination revealed wasting, peripheral oedema, bilateral pleural effusion and constrictive pericarditis. A diagnosis of constrictive pericarditis with bilateral pleural effusion probably due to tuberculosis was made. Human immunodeficiency virus antibodies and six sputum for acidfast bacilli were negative. Electrocardiograph revealed low voltages globally and echocardiography showed global myocardial hypokinesia. He had pericardiectomy, pericardial and pleural histology was non-specific inflammatory reaction but myocardial histology showed granulomatous changes of tuberculous myocarditis. We suggest that in experienced hands myocardial biopsy could be useful in making the diagnosis.     

ADA活力测定对诊断结核性浆膜腔积液的价值

本文测定了结核性浆膜腔积液(n=20),癌性积液(n=15)、漏出液(n=22)的 ADA活力分别为34.43±21.95U、15.36±8.65U、8.76±5.03U.结核性积液中 ADA 活力显著增高,以20u 为正常值上限,ADA 对诊断结核性浆膜腔积液的阳性率为85.00%,特异性89.13%.尽管结核性积液中淋巴细胞计数明显升高,但与 ADA 活力无相关性(r=0.129).     

Tuberculous pericarditis

Tuberculosis is responsible for approximately 4% of cases of acute pericarditis, 7% of cases of cardiac tamponade, and, in older studies, 6% of instances of constrictive pericarditis. However, in some nonindustrialized countries, tuberculosis is a leading cause of pericarditis. The diagnosis is based on demonstration of tubercle bacilli in pericardial fluid or on histologic section of the pericardium, or proof of tuberculosis elsewhere in a patient with otherwise unexplained pericarditis. Treatment consists of triple drug therapy for at least 9 months (isoniazid, rifampin, and streptomycin or ethambutol). Pyrazinamide can be used for the first 2 months, and the total therapeutic period can then be shortened to 6 months after culture conversion. Three months of corticosteroid therapy may be useful in patients in whom pericardial effusion persists or recurs despite the use of antituberculous drugs. Surgical resection of the pericardium is indicated for recurrent or life-threatening tamponade, or when there is persistent elevation of systemic venous pressure unrelieved by pericardiocentesis. As many as one third to one half of patients will eventually require pericardiectomy despite adequate drug therapy.     

Subxiphoid pericardiostomy in the management of pericardial effusions

Subxiphoid pericardiostomy for diagnosis and treatment of pericardial effusion was used in 21 patients. Total evaluation of the pericardial contents, direct inspection to break down loculations, simultaneous biopsies of the pericardium and pericardial fluid samples for diagnostic tests were achieved while avoiding the need for repeated pericardiocentesis and more invasive and difficult open drainage methods. Complete drainage without recurrence was obtained in 19 patients with one death and recurrence of effusion in another one. Two of these 19 cases developed constrictive pericarditis on follow-up and required a pericardiectomy. No other complications were encountered. The procedure can be done safely under local anaesthesia for all types of pericardial effusions providing prompt and long term relief of the abnormal haemodynamics.     

多层螺旋CT联合肿瘤标志物在鉴别诊断癌性和结核性胸腔积液的临床价值研究

目的研究多层螺旋CT(MSCT)联合肿瘤标志物对癌性与结核性胸腔积液鉴别诊断的临床价值。方法对40例癌性胸腔积液(观察组)、50例结核性胸腔积液(对照组)患者MSCT影像学资料及肿瘤标志物检测资料进行回顾性分析,比较两组患者CT值、胸腔积液CA199、CA153、CEA水平,以病理结果为依据,比较MSCT、肿瘤标志物单一、联合对胸腔积液性质诊断的敏感度、特异度。结果观察组典型MSCT征象为胸膜弥漫性或局限性增厚,占92.5%;纵隔移位占20.0%,均显著高于对照组的26.0%、2.0%(P0.05)。增强扫描癌性胸腔积液明显强化显著优于对照组(P0.05)。观察组胸腔积液CA199、CA153、CBA水平均明显高于对照组(P0.05)。MSCT+CA1 99+CA153+CEA诊断癌性与结核性胸腔积液敏感度、特异度均显著高于MSCT、CEA、CA199+CA153检查(P0.05)。结论 MSCT、肿瘤标志物对癌性与结核性胸腔积液鉴别诊断均有一定的价值,两者联合检测能有效提高诊断敏感度及特异度。     

血清ADA、IL-27、TB-Ab联合检测诊断血性结核性胸腔积液的价值研究

目的?探讨血清腺苷脱氨酶（ADA）、白细胞介素-27（IL-27）及结核杆菌抗体免疫球蛋白G（TB-Ab-IgG）在血性结核性胸膜炎中的诊断价值。方法?选取2015年7月—2017年3月在黄冈市中心医院诊治的102例胸腔积液患者作为研究对象。根据胸腔积液病因及性状分为血性癌性胸腔积液患者36例（癌性组）、血性结核性胸腔积液患者32例（结核性组）和非血性结核性胸腔积液患者34例（非结核性组）。检测并比较3组患者血清ADA、IL-27及TB-Ab-IgG水平。绘制受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线,评价ADA、IL-27及TB-Ab-IgG诊断血性结核性胸腔积液的敏感性和特异性。结果?结核性组血清ADA、IL-27水平及TB-Ab-IgG阳性率高于癌性组和非结核性组（P?<0.05）。ROC曲线结果显示,ADA、IL-27、TB-Ab-IgG及3者联合检测诊断血性结核性胸膜胸腔积液的曲线下面积分别为0.884、0.842、0.867和0.926,敏感性分别为91.4%（95% CI：0.555,0.832）、79.8%（95% CI：0.451,0.612）、85.7%（95% CI：0.712,0.931）和96.8%（95% CI：0.787,0.988）,特异性分别为93.7%（95% CI：0.631,0.947）、83.6%（95% CI：0.833,0.964）、88.6%（95% CI：0.787,0.998）和94.3%（95% CI：0.834,0.999）。ADA、IL-27、TB-Ab-IgG 3者联合检测优于单独检测。结论?ADA、IL-27、TB-Ab-IgG 3者联合检测诊断血性结核性胸膜炎具有较高的临床 价值。     

Management of pericardial effusion by drainage: a survey of 10 years' experience in a city centre general hospital serving a multiracial population

The aim of the study was to determine the aetiology of large and symptomatic pericardial effusions and to review the management and subsequent outcome. A survey was done on a consecutive cases of patients who had undergone percutaneous pericardiocentesis over a 10 year period in a city centre general hospital serving a multiethnic catchment population. In all, 46 patients (24 male, 22 female; age range 16 to 90 years, mean 54 years) underwent a total of 51 pericardial drainage procedures (or attempted pericardiocentesis) between 1989 and 1998. Malignancy (44%), tuberculosis (26%), idiopathic (11%), and post-cardiac surgery (9%) were the most common causes of pericardial effusion. The most common presenting symptoms were breathlessness (90%), chest pain (74%), cough (70%), abdominal pain (61%) (presumed to be related to hepatic congestion), and unexplained fever (28%). In the 12 cases of tuberculous pericarditis, nine occurred in patients of Indo-Asian origin, and three in patients of Afro-Caribbean origin. Fever, night sweats, and weight loss were common among these patients, occurring in over 80% of cases of tuberculous pericarditis. Pulsus paradoxus was the most specific sign (100%) for the presence of echocardiographic features of tamponade, with strongest positive predictive value (100%). Although malignancy remains the most common cause in developed countries, tuberculous disease should be considered in patients from areas where tuberculosis is endemic. Percutaneous pericardiocentesis remains an effective measure for the immediate relief of symptoms in patients with cardiac tamponade, although its diagnostic yield in tuberculous pericarditis is relatively low.