人工全髋关节置换术治疗髋臼发育不良近期疗效观察

目的：探讨在髋臼发育不良的病例行人工全髋关节置换术时人工髋臼安放的方法。方法：对15例22个因髋臼发育不良导致骨关节炎的病例，在行人工全髋关节置换术时，根据髋臼发育不良的程度，采用了髋臼外上缘植骨，加深髋臼及髋臼轻度内陷等三种方法。术后3、6、9、12个月及以后每半年以同等条件投照双侧髋关节正位X线片，观察人工髋臼安放的角度及人工髋臼与髋臼骨床愈合的情况。平均随访24个月。结果：随访时发现加深髋臼及髋臼轻度内陷的病例，人工髋臼与髋臼骨床接触良好，角度满意，关节功能恢复优良。而髋臼外上缘植骨的病例，术后2年时植骨块与人工髋臼之间出现了透亮带。结论：髋臼发育不良导致髋关节骨关节炎的病例在施行人工关节置换术时应根据髋臼骨床的情况采用不同的手术方式安放人工髋臼。特别是在髋臼较浅，而髋臼骨床底部骨质较多的情况下，应采用向内切磨髋臼：加深髋臼后安放人工髋臼。本组病例大部分采取此方法，收到了十分满意的临床效果。但手术中应注意不宜切磨髋臼过深，影响到髋臼内壁的稳定。     

Future Bearing Surfaces in Total Hip Arthroplasty

One of the most important issues in the modern total hip arthroplasty (THA) is the bearing surface. Extensive research on bearing surfaces is being conducted to seek an ideal bearing surface for THA. The ideal bearing surface for THA should have superior wear characteristics and should be durable, bio-inert, cost-effective, and easy to implant. However, bearing surfaces that are currently being implemented do not completely fulfill these requirements, especially for young individuals for whom implant longevity is paramount. Even though various new bearing surfaces have been investigated, research is still ongoing, and only short-term results have been reported from clinical trials. Future bearing surfaces can be developed in the following ways: (1) change in design, (2) further improvement of polyethylene, (3) surface modification of the metal, (4) improvement in the ceramic, and (5) use of alternative, new materials. One way to reduce wear and impingement in THA is to make changes in its design by using a large femoral head, a monobloc metal shell with preassembled ceramic liner, dual mobility cups, a combination of different bearing surfaces, etc. Polyethylene has improved over time with the development of highly crosslinked polyethylene. Further improvements can be made by reinforcing it with vitamin E or multiwalled carbon nanotubes and by performing a surface modification with a biomembrane. Surface modifications with titanium nitride or titanium niobium nitride are implemented to try to improve the metal bearings. The advance to the fourth generation ceramics has shown relatively promising results, even in young patients. Nevertheless, further improvement is required to reduce fragility and squeaking. Alternative materials like diamond coatings on surfaces, carbon based composite materials, oxidized zirconium, silicon nitride, and sapphire are being sought. However, long-term studies are necessary to confirm the efficacy of these surfaces after enhancements have been made with regard to fixation technique and implant quality.     

强直性脊柱炎髋屈曲挛缩畸形的全髋关节置换术

目的观察对强直性脊柱炎髋屈曲挛缩畸形实施全髋关节置换术的临床效果。方法自1998年7月～2005年9月,对18例(36髋)强直性脊柱炎髋屈曲挛缩畸形患者行全髋关节置换术。术后平均随访3.2年,对手术前后疼痛、活动度、畸形矫正等进行了对比。结果术后除6侧髋关节轻度疼痛外,其余均无疼痛。关节活动度明显增加,Harris评分由术前平均31分改善为76分(配对t检验P<0.1)。结论全髋关节置换术是治疗严重的强直性脊柱炎髋屈曲挛缩畸形的有效方法。     

非骨水泥假体在髋关节翻修术中的应用

目的：分析人工关节置换术后翻修的原因。探讨非骨水泥假体在髋关节翻修术中的应用效果。方法：人工髋关节置换术后患者36例42侧髋关节。其中男26例。女10例，年龄35-78岁。平均50岁。人工关节置换术后3个月-16年，平均6年3个月。翻修的原因；髋关节疼痛不伴假体明显松动11例11髋，感染2髋，无菌性松动27髋，假体柄位置异常2例。42个髋臼中无髋臼骨缺损者10髋，GustilloⅠ，Ⅱ型髋臼松动14髋，Ⅲ型髋臼松动10髋，对上述患者直接用纯钛螺旋臼成型或髋臼底加用颗粒植骨，Ⅳ型松动骨缺损8髋。采用颗粒植骨，钛网重建髋臼，骨水泥髋臼假体成型。40侧股骨进行了翻修术。其中假体无松动12髋。GustilloⅠ型，Ⅱ型，Ⅲ型及Ⅳ型假体柄松动分别为6，8，13和1个髋关节，取出假体柄后视情况植入非骨水泥普通假体柄或加长柄，视骨缺损情况进行假体周围植骨，必要时捆绑带固定。结果：髋臼侧进行了钛网重建植骨的8例患者术后3d可以下地非负重柱拐行走，其余患翥 均可于术后3d下地负重行功能练习，术后随访6-66（平均22）个月。无假体自欺欺人多位下沉等不稳迹象，无需要再重新翻修的病例。Harris评分由翻修前的5-54分（平均32.6分）增加到术后的56-98分（平均88.1分）。随访X线片显示部分患者骨质改建，密度增加，未发现假体周围有新出现透亮带的患者。结论：最常见翻修的原因为无菌性松动。其次为股骨头或双动头置换术后金属与髋臼之间摩擦产生的疼痛，采用非骨水泥型假体对髋关节进行翻修术后中，近期可取得良好的手术效果。远期效果有待随访。     

Total Hip Arthroplasty in Patients with Crowe III/IV Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip: Acetabular Morphology and Reconstruction Techniques

The severe anatomic deformities render acetabular reconstruction as one of the greatest challenges in total hip arthroplasty (THA) for patients with Crowe III/IV developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). Thorough understanding of acetabular morphology and bone defect is the basis of acetabular reconstruction techniques. Researchers have proposed either true acetabulum position reconstruction or high hip center (HHC) position reconstruction. The former can obtain the optimal hip biomechanics, including bulk femoral head autograft, acetabular medial wall displacement osteotomy, and acetabular component medialization, while the latter is relatively easy for hip reduction, as it can avoid neurovascular lesions and obtain more bone coverage; however, it cannot achieve good hip biomechanics. Both techniques have their own advantages and disadvantages. Although there is no consensus on which approach is better, most researchers suggest the true acetabulum position reconstruction. Based on the various acetabular deformities in DDH patients, evaluation of acetabular morphology, bone defect, and bone stock using the 3D image and acetabular component simulation techniques, as well as the soft tissue tension around the hip joint, individualized acetabular reconstruction plans can be formulated and appropriate techniques can be selected to acquire desired clinical outcomes.     

Perioperative Concerns and Complaints of Patients Undergoing Total Hip Arthroplasty

BackgroundPreoperative concerns of patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty (THA) and their complaints during the initial postoperative period are not well investigated. We evaluated preoperative concerns of patients and patient-perceived problems during the operation and initial 5 days after the operation.MethodsOne hundred and thirty-two patients, who underwent primary THA at a tertiary referral hospital, were surveyed using a questionnaire and a face-to-face interview 1 day before the operation, operation day, and postoperative days 1, 2, 3, and 4. The severity of pain was assessed daily using a visual analog scale.ResultsThe most common preoperative concern was the severity of pain after the surgery (65.2%), followed by the need of transfusion (34.8%) and postoperative rehabilitation (32.6%). Among 29 patients who could recall the experience during the operation, 12 (41.4%) suffered from shoulder pain on the contralateral side, and 6 (20.7%) answered that hammering sound had been annoying. After returning to the ward, 29 patients (22.0%) suffered from nausea, 8 (6.1%) complained of back pain, and 7 (5.3%) had ipsilateral knee pain. On postoperative day 1, 7 patients (5.3%) had persistent back pain, 8 (6.1%) had headache, and 5 (3.8%) suffered from nausea. On postoperative day 2, nine patients (6.8%) complained of radiating pain due to aggravation of pre-existing spinal stenosis, 7 (5.3%) complained of weakness of the hip flexor due to periarticular injection of ropivacaine during the operation, and 5 (3.8%) had dressing-related skin problem at the wound. On postoperative days 3 and 4, patients had no problem other than hip pain. The mean pain score was the highest (3.1 ± 1.0) on postoperative day 1.ConclusionsThe results of this study might provide information needed to solve problems and improve satisfaction of patients undergoing THA.     

全髋关节置换术治疗髋关节发育不良

目的探讨髋关节发育不良的全髋关节置换术的手术要点和术后疗效。方法25例(28髋)根据CroweX线分型,Ⅰ型14例,Ⅱ型7例,Ⅲ型和Ⅳ型各2例。髋臼旋转中心的重建方法包括标准的全髋关节置换术、结构性自体植骨和髋臼旋转中心内移。恢复下肢长度的方法包括术中彻底切除挛缩的关节囊和纤维瘢痕组织并酌情进行软组织松解。随访内容包括:①Harris评分;②X线测量双下肢长度差和髋臼旋转中心位置。结果所有病例平均随访28.5个月,Harris评分由术前的平均43分(18~72分)升高至91分(79~100分)。所有病例髋臼旋转中心都恢复正常。术前双下肢长度差为0.5~5.5cm,术后双下肢长度差为-0.4~0.9cm。结论髋关节发育不良的全髋关节置换术中,除了标准的髋臼重建方法之外,结构性植骨和髋臼旋转中心内移可有效恢复髋臼旋转中心的高度。术前详细的计划,术中彻底切除挛缩的关节囊和纤维瘢痕组织并酌情进行软组织松解有助于恢复下肢长度。     

人工全髋关节置换翻修术术前假体松动的回顾性研究

目的通过对48例人工全髋关节置换翻修术术前资料的系统回顾性研究,评价采取不同固定方法的假体的临床疗效。方法笔者对行髋关节置换的48例实行了全髋翻修术,并对全部病例进行了术前X线评价及术中假体松动情况调查,并做χ2检验,判断不同假体固定方式对假体寿命的影响。结果早、中期假体松动主要为非骨水泥型假体。骨水泥固定的假体与非骨水泥固定的假体远期均存在很高的松动下沉率,以骨水泥臼的松动为多数。髋臼侧骨溶解发生率以Ⅰ区为高,股骨柄侧骨溶解发生率以股骨近端为最高。结论人工全髋关节置换术中生物性固定初期并不十分牢固。人工全髋关节置换术中骨水泥固定假体松动主要发生在远期,并且以髋臼侧骨水泥松动为主。     

改良直接外侧入路在初次全髋关节置换术中的应用

目的评价改良直接外侧入路在全髋关节置换术中的应用价值。方法自2004年4月～2005年6月，采用改良直接外侧入路行初次全髋关节置换术共84例86髋，以2003年4月～2004年4月后外侧入路行全髋关节置换术89例89髋为对照组，观察项目包括手术时间、术中失血量、Harris评分、术后脱位发生率、术后跛行情况。结果术后平均随访17．5个月，两组间手术时间、术中失血量、Harris评分优良率、术后脱位发生率、术后中重度跛行发生率差别均无统计学意义。结论改良直接外侧进路有助于提高全髋关节的稳定性，帮助患者尽快恢复日常生活，但相比后外侧入路尚无绝对的优势。     

微创双切口全髋关节置换术的初步临床应用

目的报道微创双切口全髋关节置换术的初步临床应用结果。方法本研究分两组,常规手术组20例,微创手术组12例。记录术中、术后的出血量、术后开始下床活动的时间、弃拐时间等。结果微创手术组术后出血量少于常规手术组,但术中出血量无差异。一般在术后第2天,微创手术的病人就能做主动直腿抬高的动作,同时,术后开始下床活动时间明显缩短,但弃拐时间并无明显差异。结论微创双切口全髋关节置换术的近期术后疗效明显优于常规手术组。     

小切口微创全髋置换术初步报告

目的：报告前路小切口微创全髋关节置换的可行性和初步治疗效果。方法：自2002年8至10月,在全麻控制性降压下,采用前外侧小切口的微创技术,为13位患者施行14例全髋置换术。结果：手术切口长7．5cm-9.0cm,平均8.0cm;手术时间70－98min,平均79min;术中出血量150－460ml,平均300ml;术后12小时引流量110－250ml,平均200ml;未发生全身及局部并发症。随访4－9周,平均7周,患髋均可负重行走。结论：前路小切口微创全髋置我术具有创伤小、出血少、恢复快等优点,手术切实可行,但应有严格的手术指征和熟练的操作技术。     

Improved Perioperative Sleep Quality or Quantity Reduces Pain after Total Hip or Knee Arthroplasty: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of improved perioperative sleep on pain, analgesic consumption, and postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) in patients who were undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA) or total hip arthroplasty (THA).MethodsOriginal studies published from 1 January 1970 to 30 September 2020 were queried in three unique databases using a common search term. The searches sought randomized controlled trials (RCT) investigating the effectiveness of sleep quality or quantity interventions for pain control early after TKA or THA. Grey literature was also searched by screening trial registers. There was no limitation on published language and patients. Two reviewers then assessed studies for eligibility. Eligible studies should have primary outcomes including perioperativeWe have comfirmed the edits. visual analogue scale (VAS) pain score and analgesic consumption; and secondary outcomes including side effects, such as PONV. Data extracted from the literature were abstracted into a comma‐separated database spreadsheet using Microsoft Excel. A meta‐analysis was then performed. Pooled statistics were calculated with weighting by inverse variance assuming a random effect model. I² was calculated as a quantifier of heterogeneity and interpreted according to the Cochrane manual. All data analysis was performed using Revman software.ResultsFrom a total of 1285 potential records identified in the electronic search, six studies eventually fulfilled the eligibility criteria. The six controlled RCTs consisted of 207 patients in the sleep‐improving group and 209 patients in the control group. The severity of rest pain was significantly lower in the sleep‐improving group compared with the control group at day 1 and day 3 postoperatively; the severity of active pain was significantly lower in the sleep‐improving group compared with the control group at day 3 postoperatively. Data concerning analgesic drugs could not undergo a meta‐analysis due to the difference of eligible studies. No significant difference was found in the incidence of PONV between the sleep‐improving group and the control group.ConclusionImproved perioperative sleep, regardless of quality or quantity, could significantly reduce the pain level at the early stage after TKA or THA, thus the total amount of analgesic drugs consumed was decreased, without significant increase in the incidence of PONV.     

Bilateral Total Hip Arthroplasty in a Rare Case of Multicentric Reticulohistiocytosis

Multicentric reticulohistiocytosis (MRH) is a rare systemic disease, which commonly manifests as muco-cutaneous papulonodules and inflammatory erosive polyarthropathy. In this research, we report the clinical manifestations and management of a rare case of MRH with destructive arthropathy of bilateral hip joints and arthritis mutilans presenting with characteristic deformities. Disabling hip arthropathy that occurs secondary to MRH can be successfully managed with bilateral total hip arthroplasty (THA). Osteopenia and acetabular bone defects must be anticipated during THA. This case is reported due to its rare occurrence and because little literature has been published regarding THA in such patients.     

Ceramic-on-Ceramic Total Hip Arthroplasty: Minimum of Six-Year Follow-up Study

Background

This study examines the clinical and radiologic results of ceramic-on-ceramic total hip arthroplasties with regard to wear, osteolysis, and fracture of the ceramic after a minimum follow-up of six years.

Methods

We evaluated the results of a consecutive series of 148 primary ceramic-on-ceramic total hip arthroplasties that had been performed between May 2001 and October 2005 in 142 patients. The mean age was 57.2 years (range, 23 to 81 years). The mean follow-up period was 7.8 years (range, 6.1 to 10.1 years). Preoperative diagnosis was avascular necrosis in 77 hips (52%), degenerative arthritis in 36 hips (24.3%), femur neck fracture in 18 hips (12.2%), rheumatoid arthritis in 15 hips (10.1%), and septic hip sequelae in 2 hips (1.4%). Clinical results were evaluated with the Harris hip score, and the presence of postoperative groin or thigh pain. Radiologic analysis was done with special attention in terms of wear, periprosthetic osteolysis, and ceramic failures.

Results

The mean Harris hip score improved from 58.3 (range, 10 to 73) to 92.5 (range, 79 to 100) on the latest follow-up evaluation. At final follow-up, groin pain was found in 4 hips (2.7%), and thigh pain was found in 6 hips (4.1%). Radiologically, all femoral stems demonstrated stable fixations without loosening. Radiolucent lines were observed around the stem in 25 hips (16.9%), and around the cup in 4 hips (2.7%). Endosteal new bone formation was observed around the stem in 95 hips (64.2%) and around the cup in 88 hips (59.5%). No osteolysis was observed around the stem and cup. There were 2 hips (1.4%) of inclination changes of acetabular cup, 2 hips (1.4%) of hip dislocation, 1 hip (0.7%) of ceramic head fracture, and 1 hip (0.7%) of squeaking. The Kaplan-Meier survival rate of the prostheses was 98.1% at postoperative 7.8 years.

Conclusions

The ceramic-on-ceramic total hip arthroplasty produced excellent clinical results and implant survival rates with no detectable osteolysis on a minimum six-year follow-up study. The ceramic-on-ceramic couplings could be a reasonable option of primary total hip arthroplasty for variable indications.     

Total Knee Arthroplasty in Patients with Ipsilateral Fused Hip: A Technical Note

We report the surgical technique used to perform posterior-stabilized total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in two patients with a well positioned and functional hip arthrodesis. Intraoperatively, the operating table was placed in an increased Trendelenburg position. Episodically, we flexed the foot of the table by 90° to allow maximal knee flexion to facilitate exposure and bone cuts. We opted to resect the patella and tibia first to enable exposure, given the stiffness of the arthritic knee. One patient''s medical condition prohibited complex conversion total hip arthroplasty (THA) prior to the TKA. The other patient''s scarred soft tissues around the hip, due to chronic infection and multiple operations, made THA risky. The final outcome provided satisfactory results at a minimum of 2 years postoperatively. TKA can be successfully performed with adjustments of table position and modification of the sequence of surgical steps in patients with ipsilateral hip fusion.     

强直性脊柱炎行全髋置换术的手术策略

目的随访全髋置换术(THA)治疗强直性脊柱炎(AS)的中期结果,探讨该病行THA的策略。方法46例(52髋)AS患者行THA治疗,术后随访1.1～6.6年,比较手术前后关节疼痛、活动度和Harris评分,分析对不同身体条件患者行不同类型THA策略。结果获得随访40例(46髋),42髋疼痛明显缓解,关节活动度由术前平均34.7°改善为术后79.7°。髋关节屈曲畸形由术前平均28.5°改善为6.8°。术前Harris评分平均47.2分,术后平均87分。结论THA治疗AS可获得满意的效果,但术前的个体化分析、选择不同的手术策略和假体对手术效果至关重要。