肿瘤假体联合人工补片技术重建髌韧带止点治疗胫骨近端骨肉瘤

目的:探讨肿瘤假体联合人工补片技术治疗胫骨近端骨肉瘤术后膝关节主动背伸功能改善情况。方法:选取2003年3月至2015年12月在我科治疗且有完整资料的胫骨近端骨肉瘤患者20例,男性12例,女性8例,平均年龄14.5岁（9~27岁）。按照手术方式不同分为两组,组1为仅采用肿瘤假体置换治疗胫骨近端骨肉瘤（10例）,组2为肿瘤假体联合人工补片技术重建髌韧带止点治疗胫骨近端骨肉瘤（10例）。术后6个月测量膝关节主动背伸最大角度,对所获得数据进行统计学分析。结果:组1术后膝关节主动背伸角为（14.4±4.84）°,组2术后膝关节主动背伸角为（73.8±8.59）°,组2术后膝关节主动背伸角大于组1术后膝关节主动背伸角（P=5.76E-14<0.05）,差异具有统计学意义。结论:采用肿瘤假体联合人工补片技术治疗胫骨近端骨肉瘤术后膝关节主动背伸功能得到明显改善,值得临床推广。     

Pigmented villonodular synovitis of the proximal tibiofibular joint

Pigmented villonodular synovitis is an uncommon proliferative disease of the synovium, which is usually monoarticular, presenting as chronic monoarthritis of the knee. To our knowledge, the case under discussion is only the second report in the English language medical literature of isolated involvement of the proximal tibiofibular joint.     

Breast reconstruction with prosthetic implants

For patients who undergo mastectomy for the treatment of breast cancer, the restoration of a normal breast form through breast reconstruction is important to body image and quality of life. Implant-based reconstruction has the capability of producing excellent results in the well selected patient. In addition, compared with autogenous tissue reconstruction, implant reconstruction offers a shorter operative procedure with a quicker convalescence and no donor site morbidity. Reconstruction options for implant-based reconstruction include: single-stage reconstruction with a standard or adjustable implant, tissue expansion followed by placement of a permanent implant, or combined autologous tissue/implant reconstruction. Procedure selection is based on a range of patient variables, including: location and type of breast cancer, availability of local, regional and distant donor tissue, size and shape of the desired breast(s), surgical risk, and most importantly, patient preference. Although satisfactory results can be obtained with single-stage reconstruction, in most of patients, a more reliable approach involves two-stage expander/implant reconstruction. Individualizing selection of a reconstructive technique for each patient will be the predominant factor in achieving a reconstructive success.     

乳房再造时假体的"四维法"选择

目的 探讨一种乳腺癌乳房再造时假体选择的新方法.方法 参照健侧乳房,测出其四维:体积、横径、纵径及乳房高度,根据公式计算出拟要置放假体的大小,从目录中遴选出"个性化"的假体,同时根据身高、肥胖情况再进行20～25ml的增减.结果 采用上述"四维法"进行30例乳腺癌术后Ⅰ期乳房假体再造术,手术效果满意,乳房形态良好.结论 "四维法"选择假体方法准确、简单和实用,值得推广应用.     

Reconstruction of the proximal humerus after extensive extraarticular resection for osteosarcoma: a report of two cases with clavicula pro humero reconstruction

Two cases with clavicula pro humero reconstruction are described after extensive extraarticular wide resection of osteosarcoma due to the aggressive invasion, pre-operative pathological fracture, and relatively resistant to preoperative chemotherapy. Each patient had proximal humeral osteosarcoma and needed extraarticular resection. One necessitated more than two-third of humeral resection and reconstructed with rotated clavicle reconstruction with use of pasteurized intercalary autogenous bone graft. The other necessitated wide scapular resection, preserving acromio-clavicular joint, could be reconstructed with rotated clavicle. Both had soft tissue reconstruction with pedicled lattissimus dorsi muscle flap for soft tissue defect. The Musculoskeletal Tumor Society score was 73% and 87%, comparable for a previous report with clavicle pro humero reconstruction after conventional resection of proximal humerus or other reconstructive procedures. One had postoperative complication of prominent acromion with skin perforation. Both patients are alive with no evidence of disease, and no local recurrence. Clavicula pro humero reconstruction should be considered in selected patients for whom acromio-clavicular joint could be preserved after extensive resection of humerus or glenoid to obtain wide surgical margin.     

小儿肱骨近端骨肉瘤的护理干预效果观察

目的探讨护理干预在小儿肱骨近端骨肉瘤的应用效果。方法选取2013年12月至2015年12月间中国医科大学附属盛京医院收治的74例肱骨近端骨肉瘤患儿,采用随机数表法分为试验组与对照组,每组37例。对照组患者采用常规护理干预,试验组患者在对照组基础上给予护理干预,比较两组患者护理干预前后功能状态(Karnofsky)、疼痛数字等级评价量表(NRS)、血清基质金属蛋白-2(MMP-2)和血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)表达水平。结果干预后,两组患儿Karnofsky功能评分及NRS疼痛评分均较护理前有一定改善,且试验组患儿Karnofsky功能评分明显高于对照组,NRS疼痛评分明显低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。试验组干预后血清MMP-2和VEGF表达水平均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论护理干预能有效帮助肱骨近端骨肉瘤患儿恢复功能运动和负荷,明显改善患儿患处疼痛症状,降低血清炎症因子表达水平。     

腓肠肌肌瓣转移重建伸膝装置在胫骨近端骨肿瘤保肢中的应用

目的探讨在胫骨近端恶性骨肿瘤保肢手术中,应用腓肠肌肌瓣转移重建伸膝功能的临床效果。方法回顾性分析2007年1月至2011年6月我院收治的胫骨近端恶性骨肿瘤51例,男34例,女17例;年龄12—66岁,平均24．6岁。对所有肿瘤均行扩大性瘤段切除,骨内病灶扩大3cm,软组织肿块外扩大1～2cm,保证完整的肿瘤边界,采用肿瘤型人工膝关节假体置换,并向前、向上旋转腓肠肌肌瓣覆盖胫骨假体表面,将腓肠肌内侧头起点与残留髌韧带近端缝合重建伸膝装置,同时,肌瓣内侧与内侧关节囊残壁、内侧副韧带、部分比目鱼肌及腓肠肌离断远端缝合,肌瓣前侧与部分比目鱼肌和胫前肌缝合,肌瓣外侧与部分胫前肌、部分比目鱼肌和腓肠肌离断远端缝合重建伸膝功能。术后定期随访患者,下肢功能通过MSTS评分系统评价。结果所有患者均获随访,随访时间3—57个月,平均23．7个月。术后未出现伤口感染、深静脉血栓、骨筋膜综合征、膝关节强直等早期并发症。8例（15．7％）骨肉瘤,因肺部广泛转移,于术后18-34个月死亡;3例（5．9％）骨肉瘤术后在软组织内复发,经局部切除术后仍复发,行截肢术。3例（5．9％）迟发性感染,假体取出骨水泥填充。MSTS功能评分为84％（平均分25．2;范围22°29）。膝关节屈曲平均93°（78°～127°）,伸膝平均-3°（0°—-10°）。结论胫骨近端瘤段切除假体置换后,应用腓肠肌肌瓣转移与髌韧带缝合既可修复软组织缺损,减少并发症,又可以重建伸膝装置,获得良好的膝关节功能,中短期随访得到较好的临床效果。     

Custom three-dimensional printed implants for reconstruction of oncologic pelvic defects

The use of three-dimensional printed implants in the field of orthopedic surgery has become increasingly popular and has potentiated hip reconstruction in the setting of oncologic resections of the pelvis and acetabulum. In this review, we examine and discuss the indications and technical considerations for custom implant reconstruction of pelvic defects.     

股骨上端骨肿瘤患者保肢人工关节重建术后并发症的护理体会

目的探讨股骨上端骨肿瘤患者保肢人工关节重建术后并发症的护理干预措施。方法选取2013年1月至2018年1月间陕西省延安大学附属医院收治的采用保肢人工关节重建术的38例股骨上端骨肿瘤患者参与研究,对其临床资料进行回顾性分析,探讨其人工关节重建术的治疗效果以及术后并发症发生情况,并对其护理干预措施进行分析。结果术后,患者发生并发症总例数为10例,占比26. 3%,其中,髋关节脱位4例,感染4例,深静脉血栓2例,在给予对症治疗和护理后,均康复出院。结论股骨上端骨肿瘤患者保肢人工关节重建术后需要重点预防并发症的发生,给予针对性的护理干预后能够有效改善患者并发症情况,促进患者的康复。     

保留关节的干骺端骨肉瘤切除手术

目的 介绍一种保留关节的肢体干骺端骨肉瘤切除手术。方法 对8例肢体骨肉瘤患者进行了保留关节的瘤骨节段切除酒精灭活再植入手术,术前和术后化疗采用HDMTX-VCR-ADM方案。平均随访时间38.4月。结果 2例因术后肺转移死亡,1例局部复发。2例内固定发生松动、断裂。6例病损在下肢的患者,患肢活动度均恢复正常;2例病损在肱骨上段者,术后亦有较好的活动度。骨骺未闭合者患肢均无明显短缩。结论 对于肢体骨肉瘤患者,应充分考虑其保留关节的可能性。手术前仔细分析影像资料,对手术方案的选择意义重大。     

Clinical applications of free medial tibial flap with posterior tibial artery for head and neck reconstruction after tumor resection

Tumor resection causes damage in the head and neck which creates problems in swallowing,chewing,articulation,and vision,all of which seriously affect patients' quality of life.In this work,we evaluated the application of a free medial tibial flap in reconstruction of head and neck defects after tumor resection.We discussed the anatomy,surgical technique,and the advantages and disadvantages of the flap.We found several benefits for the flap,such as,it is especially effective for the defects that require thin-layer epithelium to cover or the separated soft tissue defect;a two-team approach can be used because the donor site is far away from the head and neck;and the flap is easy to integrate because of the subcutaneous fat layer of the free medial tibial flap is thin and the flap is soft.Thus,the medial tibial flap could replace the forearm flap for certain applications.     

旋转铰链型人工膝关节置换在膝关节周围骨肉瘤中的应用

目的探讨旋转铰链型人工膝关节在膝关节周围骨肉瘤保肢术中的临床应用效果。方法膝关节周围骨肉瘤患者21例,其中股骨远端15例,胫骨近端6例。对膝部骨肉瘤进行广泛切除或根治性切除后,采用旋转铰链型人工膝关节置换重建,同时采用新辅助化疗治疗。结果21例患者平均随访12～120个月。其中16例患者无局部复发或远处转移迹象,5例出现复发;MSTS功能评分提示70％的患者各项评估在3分以上。结论对膝关节周围骨肉瘤采用旋转铰链型膝关节置换治疗是有效的保肢方法,能降低局部并发症及提高临床疗效。     

可旋转稳定型假体对胫骨近端恶性骨肿瘤膝关节活动度及临床疗效的影响

目的探讨可旋转稳定型假体对胫骨近端恶性骨肿瘤膝关节活动度及临床疗效的影响效果。方法选择2012年5月至2013年5月间收治的68例胫骨近端恶性骨肿瘤患者,随机分为可旋转稳定型假体组(简称观察组),以及单纯铰链型假体组(简称对照组),评估两组患者的膝关节功能、疼痛缓解程度和并发症情况,随访1年评价生活质量。结果观察组患者的优良率为94.1%,优于对照组优良率(88.2%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组伸直(136.2±14.6)度,对照组伸直(110.4±13.2)度,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术前两组患者VAS评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评分均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组患者出现并发症2例,对照组出现并发症3例,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组的生活质量指标PF、RP、RE得分均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论胫骨近端恶性骨肿瘤治疗中应用可旋转稳定型假体,不仅可有效改善患者的膝关节活动度,提高临床疗效,而且可改善患者的生活质量,具有较好的临床推广价值。     

特制人工关节假体在四肢恶性骨肿瘤保肢治疗中的临床研究

目的 探讨特制人工关节假体置换技术在四肢恶性肿瘤保肢治疗中的作用及疗效.方法 以特制关节假体行髋、膝、肩关节置换治疗关节邻近部位恶性骨肿瘤23例,术后以转移率、3年无瘤存活率、关节功能、肿瘤复发率、假体并发症等进行疗效评价.结果 术后23例随访10-68个月,平均33个月.并发症发生率21.7%,3年无瘤存活率78.3%,按Enneking骨骼肌肉肿瘤术后肢体功能评定标准进行评估,23例患者优10例,良8例,可3例,差2例,优良率为78.3%.结论 运用人工关节技术对合适的恶性骨肿瘤患者进行保肢治疗,可获得较为满意的疗效.     

胫骨前肌肌筋膜瓣在胫骨肿瘤人工膝关节置换术中的应用

目的　探讨胫骨前肌肌筋膜瓣转位在胫骨肿瘤患者人工膝关节置换术中应用的效果。方法　采用人工膝关节置换术治疗胫骨上段骨肿瘤 3 1例。其中骨巨细胞瘤 1 7例 ,成骨肉瘤 8例 ,软骨肉瘤 4例 ,软骨母细胞瘤 2例。肿瘤切除后 ,沿深筋膜浅层游离外侧缘皮肤达趾长伸肌内缘。沿趾长伸肌与胫骨前肌的间隙切开深筋膜 ,向内游离深筋膜达胫骨前肌外缘 ,切缘的上端向内绕行 ,使胫骨前肌的胫骨侧起端与深筋膜一起游离 ,形成深筋膜及胫骨前肌肌瓣。将此肌筋膜瓣向内翻转 ,覆盖在假体前方 ,与内侧的髌韧带、深筋膜或股薄肌、半腱肌、半膜肌与鹅足缝合 ,形成一肌筋膜袖重新包裹在胫骨侧假体周围 ,然后再缝合皮肤。结果　切口愈合按甲、乙、丙、丁分级。其中 :甲级 2 6例 ,乙级 3例 ,丙级 2例 ,切口一期愈合。关节活动度 :术后 2周 ,0°～ 85°。术后 6周 0°～ 1 1 0°。随访 0 5～ 9 0年 ,局部复发 1例 ,远处转移 5例。结论　胫骨前肌肌筋膜瓣解剖血管恒定 ,血运丰富。采用胫骨前肌肌筋膜瓣向内转移与肌筋膜或深筋膜共同形成一肌筋膜袖重新包裹在胫骨侧假体周围 ,可有效避免胫骨肿瘤患者人工膝关节置换术后近期并发症的发生。     

双侧乳腺切除加假体植入一期乳房重建治疗青年早期乳腺癌患者

目的探讨保留皮肤和乳头乳晕复合体的双侧乳腺切除及假体植入一期乳房重建在青年早期乳腺癌治疗中的临床应用。方法回顾性分析2006年1月至2011年3月接受保留皮肤及乳头乳晕复合体双侧乳腺切除加假体植入一期乳房重建术的21例青年早期乳腺癌患者临床资料。结果21例患者手术成功,术后美容效果优良。随访12—72个月（中位随访期为34个月）,无局部复发和远处转移。结论对青年早期乳腺癌患者,在切除患乳同时预防性切除对侧乳房,即行保留皮肤和乳头乳晕复合体的双侧乳腺切除加一期假体植入重建乳房,美容效果好,临床疗效满意。     

Pasteurized autograft-prosthesis composite for reconstruction of proximal tibia in 13 sarcoma patients

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study is to ascertain the survival of the pasteurized autograft-prosthesis composite and functional outcome of this procedure, and to evaluate the complications including nonunion, infection, loosening, bony resorption, and fracture. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 13 proximal tibial sarcoma patients who underwent tibia reconstructions with using a pasteurized autograft-prosthesis between 1993 and 2003. RESULTS: Four patients underwent removal of the composite with a minimum follow-up of 11 months (average: 43 months, range: 11-75 months). The survival rate of the 13 composites, as calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method, was 76.9% at 5 years. The primary cause of removing the composite was infection in three patients and loosening in one patient. The average MSTS functional score of 11 patients was 23.6 +/- 3.3 (79%). Nonunion was identified in four patients, while infection developed in three patients. Loosening of the stem and resorption of the pasteurized bone was detected in one case each. No patient developed fracture of autograft. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that the pasteurized autograft-prosthesis has comparable functional outcome and complication rates as other methods, such as endoprosthesis and allograft-prosthetic composite and it offers a reconstructive option for surgeons who do not have access to large allograft banks.