输尿管镜下气压弹道碎石术治疗输尿管结石175例报告

目的:探讨输尿管镜下气压弹道碎石术治疗输尿管结石的疗效。方法:采用输尿管镜下气压弹道碎石术治疗输尿管结石175例190侧。结果:一次性碎石成功率96.0%(168/175),1周内结石排净率94.0%(178/190)。术中并发症发生率4%(11/175)。结论:输尿管镜下气压弹道碎石术较安全,疗效确切,损伤小,可作为治疗输尿管中下段结石的首选方法。     

应用输尿管肾镜气压弹道碎石术治疗输尿管结石

目的：探讨输尿管肾镜气压弹道碎石术治疗输尿管结石的临床疗效。方法：1999年11月--2003年2月，采用输尿管肾镜下气压弹道碎石术治疗输尿管结石189例。结果：189例输尿管结石中，183例一次碎石成功，成功率96．8％(183／189)，6例进镜困难(其中l例输尿管穿孔)，改开放手术。随访lO天--3月，平均1．3月，2月内结石排净率为99．4％(182／183)。结论：此碎石方法安全，效果确切，损伤小，痛苦小，可作为输尿管结石的首选治疗方法。     

输尿管镜下气压弹道碎石术治疗输尿管结石186例

目的 探讨输尿管镜下气压弹道碎石术治疗输尿管结石的临床疗效。方法 采用输尿管镜下气压弹道碎石术治疗输尿管结石186例。结果 一次性结石粉碎率为87．1％(162／186)；并发症发生率3．2％(6／186)，以输尿管穿孔和感染为主。结论 输尿管镜下气压弹道碎石术治疗输尿管结石疗效确切，安全，创伤小。     

输尿管镜下气压弹道碎石术治疗输尿管结石(附81例报告)

目的　探讨输尿管镜下气压弹道碎石术治疗输尿管结石的疗效。方法　对 81 例输尿管结石患者采用输尿管镜下气压弹道碎石术治疗。结果　一次性碎石成功率为 85.19%,其中输尿管上段结石为 57.14%(4/7),输尿管中段结石为 87.10%(27/31),输尿管下段结石为93.02%(40/43)。结论　输尿管镜下气压弹道碎石术治疗输尿管结石安全有效,创伤小,是治疗输尿管中下段结石的首选方法。     

输尿管镜气压弹道碎石术治疗输尿管结石的临床分析

目的 探讨输尿管镜气压弹道碎石术治疗各段输尿管结石的疗效.方法 回顾性分析我院2004年1月至2010年1月应用输尿管镜气压弹道碎石术治疗的317例单纯输尿管结石患者的临床资料.结果 一次性碎石成功率89.97％ (296/329),术中并发症发生率1.22％ (4/329),碎石成功患者术后结石排净率97.30％(288/296).结石横径≤1 cm和＞1 cm两个亚组在碎石成功率、术后1个月无石率方面差异比较均无统计学意义(P＞0.05) ;术中并发症方面,输尿管上段结石＞1 cm组高于≤1 cm 组(P＜0.05),而输尿管中、下段结石两亚组间无明显差异(P＞0.05).结论 输尿管镜下气压弹道碎石术安全,有效,损伤小,可作为治疗输尿管中下段结石及体外冲击波碎石失败的输尿管上段结石的有效治疗方法之一.     

输尿管镜下气压弹道碎石治疗输尿管结石208例分析

目的 探讨输尿管镜下气压弹道碎石治疗输尿管结石的临床疗效.方法 回顾性分析采用输尿管镜下气压弹道碎石术治疗输尿管结石208例临床资料.结果 一次性粉碎率为84.6%,无明显并发症发生.结论 输尿管镜下气压弹道碎石术治疗输尿管结石安全性高、损伤小、效果确切.     

输尿管结石的输尿管镜气压弹道碎石术治疗

目的探讨提高治疗输尿管结石疗效的方法。方法对146例(153侧)输尿管结石行输尿管镜气压弹道碎石术治疗。结果输尿管上段结石32侧气压弹道碎石成功率为53.1%;输尿管中段结石15侧气压弹道碎石成功率为66.7%;输尿管下段结石106侧气压弹道碎石成功率为95.3%。治疗输尿管结石总成功率为83.7%(128/153),手术并发症为2.6%(4/153)。结论经尿道输尿管镜气压弹道碎石术是治疗输尿管结石的一种安全、有效的方法。     

输尿管镜下气压弹道碎石术治疗输尿管结石155例

目的 探讨输尿管镜下气压弹道碎石术治疗输尿管结石的操作方法和临床疗效。方法 自1997年12月～2003年5月，采用输尿管镜下气压弹道碎石术治疗输尿管结石155例。结果 一次性结石粉碎率80％(124／155)，3个月结石排净率为96％；术中发生输尿管穿孔3例，发生率为1．9％(3／155)，未发现术中及术后严重并发症。结论 输尿管镜下气压弹道碎石术治疗输尿管结石，成功率高，安全可靠，属腔内微创手术，损伤小，可作为治疗男性输尿管中下段结石和女性全程输尿管结石的首选方法。与ESWL配合应用，互为补充，可大大提高碎石效果。     

输尿管镜下气压弹道碎石268例临床分析

目的探讨输尿管镜下气压弹道碎石术治疗输尿管结石的操作方法和临床疗效。方法自2003年8月-2005年10月采用输尿管镜下气压弹道碎石治疗输尿管结石268例。结果一次性结石粉碎率94，03％（252／268）。术中发生输尿管穿孔3例，发生率为1．12％（3／268），未发生术中及术后严重并发症。结论采用输尿管镜下气压弹道碎石治疗输尿管结石成功率高，安全可靠，可作为治疗输尿管中下段结石的首选方法。     

输尿管镜下气压弹道碎石术治疗输尿管结石的探讨

目的探讨提高治疗输尿管结石疗效方法。方法对212例输尿管结石行输尿管镜下气压弹道碎石术治疗。结果一次碎石率92%(196/212),术中并发症发病率1.4%(3/212)。结论经尿道输尿管镜下气压弹道碎石术是一种安全、有效的方法。     

电磁式碎石机治疗输尿管结石的疗效观察

目的:探讨使用电磁式碎石机治疗输尿管结石的疗效。方法:2000年12月～2005年5月,应用德国电磁式碎石机治疗输尿管结石946例,并进行随访。结果:首次碎石有效率83%,第二次治疗有效率11%,3个月内结石清除率为95%。未见明显并发症。结论:电磁式体外冲击波碎石机治疗输尿管结石具有能量低,易于定位,损伤小及碎石颗粒均匀细小等优点,应作为输尿管结石治疗的首选方法之一。     

输尿管硬镜下气压弹道碎石285例报告

目的：探讨输尿管镜下气压弹道碎石术治疗输尿管结石的操作方法和临床疗效。方法：自2001年1月-2005年2月采用输尿管镜下气压弹道碎石术治疗输尿管结石285例。结果：一次性结石粉碎率92．9％（265／285）,3个月结石排净率100％;术中发生输尿管穿孔3例,发生率为1．1％（3／285）,未发现术中及术后严重并发症。结论：采用输尿管镜下气压弹道碎石术治疗输尿管结石成功率高,安全可靠,可作为治疗男性输尿管中下段结石和女性全程输尿管结石的首选方法。     

经皮肾镜超声弹道碎石术治疗复杂性肾结石

目的：探讨经皮肾镜超声弹道碎石术治疗复杂性肾结石的疗效。方法：采用经皮肾镜联合EMS Ⅲ代超声弹道碎石清石系统治疗48例复杂性肾结石患者,完全性鹿角状结石12例,部分鹿角状结石30例,多发性结石6例。结石直径2．0～6．5cm,平均2．8cm。结果：48例患者中,43例Ⅰ期取净结石;5例完全性鹿角状结石者术后2个月仍有结石残留,结石直径均小于1．0cm,辅助施行ESWL后排净。结石粉碎率100％,结石清除率89．6％（43／48）。手术时间50～120min,平均70min,平均出血量50ml。无严重并发症发生。术后随访3～6个月,肾功能均有不同程度改善。结论：经皮肾镜下使用EMSⅢ代碎石清石系统治疗复杂性肾结石,具有高效、可靠、安全、损伤小、出血少及恢复快等优点,可以作为目前治疗复杂性肾结石的首选方法。     

Urolithiasis update: clinical experience with the Swiss LithoClast

This article describes the authors' first experience using the EMS Swiss LithoClast pneumatic lithotriptor in the management of middle and distal ureteral calculi. Also presented is a review of the literature comparing different modalities of intracorporeal lithotripsy. A retrospective analysis was performed on 11 patients treated with the Swiss LithoClast using the Circon ACMI MR6 Rigid Mini-ureteroscope (7 patients with distal calculi and 4 patients with midureteral calculi). The lithotriptor successfully fragmented 91% of the calculi, independent of stone composition. Complete failure of fragmentation was only encountered in one patient, and this was secondary to the lithotriptor's inherent ballistic force causing retrograde passage of the calculus. One patient had postoperative radiographic evidence of stone fragments along the ureteral stent. There was no intraoperative morbidity or long-term complications encountered with use of the pneumatic lithotriptor. Additionally, patients' overall satisfaction was 91% with respect to the procedure itself and relief of preoperative pain. The only significant postoperative complaint was ureteral stent discomfort in one patient. The authors conclude that the EMS Swiss LithoClast pneumatic lithotriptor is a safe and effective tool in the management of middle and distal ureteral calculi. However, as noted with one patient, there is always a risk of stone push from the ballistic force of the lithotriptor.     

Distal ureteral calculi: Ureteroscopy vs. ESWL. A prospective analysis

Two groups of 50 consecutive patients each, with distal ureteric calculi, were treated by ureteroscopy or in situ ESWL (Dornier HM-4 lithotriptor) in order to establish the effectiveness of ESWL at the distal portion of the ureter. In comparison to ureteroscopy, ESWL for distal ureteral calculi was performed on an outpatient basis, required less time, patients had more rapid convalescence and the procedure was simpler and safer. The overall success rate was 100% for ureteroscopy and 92% for ESWL. Our observations showed that in situ ESWL with the Dornier HM-4 lithotriptor is the method of choice for the treatment of distal ureteral calculi.     

输尿管镜下气压弹道碎石术治疗泌尿系结石(附150例报告)

目的探讨输尿管镜下气压弹道碎石术治疗泌尿系结石的临床疗效。方法自１９９４年８月至１９９７年１２月,采用输尿管镜下气压弹道碎石术治疗输尿管结石１４５例,尿道结石５例。结果一次性结石粉碎率为７９３％（１１９／１５０）,并发症发生率为５３％（８／１５０）,主要是输尿管穿孔及感染。结论此碎石方法安全、效果确切、损伤小,如与ＥＳＷＬ等体外碎石方法结合应用疗效更佳。     

输尿管软镜钬激光碎石术治疗上尿路结石309例报告

目的：探讨输尿管软镜钬激光碎石术治疗上尿路结石的疗效。方法：采用输尿管软镜钬激光碎石术治疗上尿路结石患者309例,其中肾结石228例,输尿管上段结石81例。结石长径0．8～3．0cm,平均1．6cm。结果：309例患者手术顺利,平均结石清除率为83．5％（258／309）。手术时间30～90min,平均50min。术后住院时间2～8d,平均5d。术后2周复查KUB平片,平均结石清除率达91．9％（284／309）。无脓肾、输尿管穿孑L等并发症发生。结论：输尿管软镜钬激光碎石术治疗上尿路结石安全有效,并发症少。     

经皮肾镜超声联合弹道一期治疗结石性脓肾

目的 探讨经皮肾镜超声联合弹道一期治疗结石性脓肾的方法及疗效. 方法结石性脓肾患者66例,均在B超定位及引导下穿刺,筋膜扩张器依次从8 F扩张至16 F,放入软鞘后置人金属套式扩张器,退出软鞘,继续扩张至21 F,置入24 F肾镜鞘,置人肾镜,采用EMSⅢ代超声弹道清石系统治疗.先用超声吸附装置清理脓液及脓栓,并在低压或无压力状况下超声碎石后吸出脓液,再行超声联合弹道碎石和清石. 结果 66例术中、术后均未出现高热等菌血症或脓血症情况,无严重并发症发生.60例一期取净结石;4例铸型结石术后有<1.5 cm结石残留,行体外冲击波碎石术后结石排净;2例术后残留结石较大,1周后再次行经皮肾镜另建通道将结石取净.63例获随访,术后3个月血肌酐56～203/μmol/L,较术前平均降低40μmol/L;肾小球滤过率(GFR)5.0～56.2ml/min,平均增加23.6 ml/min.术后6个月血肌酐56～158μmol/L,平均降低31μmol/L;GFR 5.0～79.2 ml/min,平均增加30.2 ml/min. 结论 经皮肾镜EMSⅢ代超声吸附装置在低压或无压力状况下吸出脓液、脓栓后,再行超声联合弹道碎石和清石,治疗结石性脓肾安全、经济、高效.     

Treatment of upper urinary tract calculi using Siemens Lithostar Multiline, and comparison with previous machine: Lithostar

PURPOSE: We compared the efficacy, safety and conveniency of previous and present lithotriptors for the treatment of upper urinary tract calculi. PATIENTS AND METHOD: 691 patients with renal calculi and 2,294 patients with ureteral calculi were treated using a 2nd generation electromagnetic fluoroscopic guided lithotriptor, the Lithostar (L group), and 153 with renal calculi and 486 with ureteral calculi were treated using a 3rd generation lithotriptor, the Lithostar Multiline (M group). The success rates, defined as stone-free or residual fragments that were 4 mm or less on three months later, were calculated and compared. RESULTS: The percentage of outpatient were 85.3% (L) and 95.1% (M). The success rates of the L group for the overall and the ureteral calculi patients were indicated significantly better than the M group (89.6% vs 81.4%, 92.2% vs 82.7%, respectively). Mean number of treatment of the L group (1.62) for the ureteral calculi were significantly less than the M group (1.64). For the renal calculi, no significance of the success rates were observed (L : 81.0% vs M : 77.1%). Mean fluoroscopy time of the M group (2.8 min.) were significantly shorter than the L group (3.7 min). Less percentage of pentazocine required in the M group (34.7%) than in the L group (50.8%). CONCLUSION: This study shows that the success rate of the Multiline does not exceed the previous machine, however, the Multiline achieved shorter fluoroscopy time and decreased rate of adapting analgesia. The Lithostar Multiline is useful, safe and convenient on an outpatient basis.     

Treatment of staghorn calculi by extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy in children]

To evaluate the efficacy of monotherapy with extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy (ESWL) for staghorn calculi in children. Material and methods: Between September 1987 and December 1998, 27 children (18 boys and 9 girls) with a mean age of 5.2 years (9 months to 147 years) were managed in our department for staghorn or pseudo-staghorn calculi. They were treated with a Lithostar Siemens-Ultra lithotriptor ith ultrasound detection. The "Puigvert method", which starts with low energy which is then gradually increased, allows satisfactory painless fragmentation, avoiding the need for general anaesthesia. RESULTS: the success rate was 70% with two sessions (37% with a single session). In one case, lithotripsy was not indicated and percutaneous nephrolithotomy was necessary. Two cystine stones ina girl (probably longstanding stones) could not be fragmented and open surgery was required. The other five systine staghorn calculi ere treated successfully. Ureteral catheterization was not required and only one double J stent was placed preventively in a girl with a solitary kidney. No major complication was detected. CONCLUSION: ESWL with the Siemens-Ultra lithotriptor is a safe and effective first-line method for the treatment of staghron calculi in children.