64排螺旋CT静脉造影诊断下肢静脉血栓性病变

目的:探讨64排螺旋CT静脉造影(CTV)诊断下肢静脉血栓性病变的临床价值。材料和方法:下肢多层螺旋CT静脉造影(MSCTV)检查12例,同期均做下肢静脉Dopp ler超声(US)检查;其中1例同时进行了肺动脉CT血管造影,并于延迟2m in时行间接法下肢静脉造影检查。病例均采用5mm层厚和层间距行踝关节至髂骨上缘水平的增强CT扫描,并获得原始图像,图像经1.25mm层厚和50%的重叠处理后传送至工作站进行图像后处理。结果:64排螺旋CTV诊断下肢深静脉血栓(DVT)11例,诊断下肢慢性静脉功能不全1例,同时合并肺栓塞1例。以US作对照,64排螺旋CTV显示股静脉和腘静脉血栓的敏感性为100%,特异性98.6%。MSCTV上DVT表现为静脉腔内不规则低密度充盈缺损,慢性静脉功能不全表现为深静脉边缘不规则且于延迟2m in扫描见其远端引流静脉区造影剂点状残留。结论:64排螺旋CTV在显示股腘静脉血栓与US具有同等价值,MSCTV可作为下肢静脉血栓性病变诊断的常规检查方法。     

64层螺旋CT直接法静脉造影对下肢深静脉血栓的临床应用价值初步研究

目的 探讨64层螺旋CT直接法静脉造影在下肢深静脉血栓(DVT)中的诊断价值. 资料与方法 19例临床怀疑DVT患者行64层螺旋CT直接法下肢深静脉造影检查,着重分析DVT的CT征象,探讨影响其诊断准确性的因素.结果 64层螺旋CT直接法静脉造影对DVT显示较好,在15例患者中共发现DVT 25处,分别位于髂静脉(4)、股静脉(7)、胭静脉(9)和腓静脉(5).结论 64层螺旋CT直接法下肢深静脉造影结合多种后处理技术可以清楚显示DVT,具有较高的临床应用价值.     

联合应用多层螺旋CT肺动脉造影和间接CT静脉造影诊断静脉血栓栓塞症

目的探讨联合应用多层螺旋CT肺动脉造影（MSCTPA）和间接CT静脉造影（CTV）诊断静脉血栓栓塞症（VTE）的价值。资料与方法对临床疑似VTE的87例患者,联合应用MSCTPA和间接CTV进行检查,在胭静脉至股总静脉水平,比较间接CTV与多普勒血管超声（DVUS）诊断深静脉血栓形成（DVT）的价值,计算间接CTV的敏感性、特异性、阴性预测值和阳性预测值。结果87例患者中,MSCTPA扫描肺血栓栓塞症（PTE）和DVT均显示32例,显示DVT未显示VIE8例,显示PTE未显示DVT22例。DVUS检查中,DVT42例。与DVUS相比,下肢间接CTV诊断DVT的敏感性95．5％、特异性99．2％、阳性预测值97．7％、阴性预测值98．5％。结论联合应用MSCTPA和间接CTV实现了一次检查同时诊断VIE和DVT,并能显示胸部和下肢的其他异常。     

多层螺旋CT肺动脉造影联合静脉造影诊断深静脉血栓的研究

目的应用16层螺旋CT肺动脉造影联合静脉造影(CTVPA)探讨深静脉血栓发生率及部位,并与下肢彩色超声多普勒对照评价其诊断下肢深静脉血栓(DVT)的价值。方法临床怀疑肺栓塞(PE)的147例病人行CTVPA检查,以病人为单位计算两医师诊断DVT一致性;102例患者同时行下肢超声检查,计算股静脉-腘静脉段DVT诊断敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值。结果147例患者中33例(22.4%)有DVT,27例合并PE。33例DVT的患者CTV共发现156个部位的血栓,腹盆腔静脉血栓共48个(31%),股静脉-腘静脉段血栓58个(37%),小腿静脉血栓50个(32%)。DVT血栓CT值为(42±13)HU。2医师诊断DVT的一致率为90%,Kappa值为0.86。以超声作为对照,CTV诊断股静脉-腘静脉段DVT的敏感度为92.3%,特异度为100%。结论CTV对股静脉-腘静脉段DVT诊断准确率高,并能显示下腔静脉、滤器内及盆腔静脉血栓,CTV的观察者间诊断一致性非常好。     

肺动脉栓塞的CT血管造影检查

目的研究CT肺动脉血管造影联合下肢深静脉血管造影在肺栓塞的诊断中的作用及多层螺旋CT的优势。方法采用单层螺旋CT或16层螺旋CT对临床拟诊肺栓塞的所有患者行肺动脉血管造影(CTPA)及下肢静脉血管造影,统计栓塞的数目及类型。结果44例肺栓塞中,肺栓塞合并下肢静脉栓塞的34例,单纯肺栓塞的10例。单层螺旋CT及16层螺旋CT检查的病人总的栓塞显示率分别为12.1%及19.0%,差异有统计学意义(P=0.004);肺段及肺段以上肺动脉栓塞的显示率分别为25.3%及29.7%,差异无统计学意义(P=0.104);亚段及亚段以下显示率分别为1.1%及10.2%,差异有统计学意义(P=0.000)。结论CT肺动脉血管造影联合下肢血管造影是肺栓塞的无创、快速、敏感性和特异性均较高的诊断方法。16层螺旋CT在检查肺栓塞方面优于单层螺旋CT。     

螺旋 CT在肺动脉及下肢静脉联合检查中的成像方法

目的 探讨造影剂双期注射方法在多层螺旋CT肺动脉造影联合下肢静脉造影(CTVPA)中的技术应用.方法 应用多层螺旋CT对30例疑似肺动脉栓塞的病人进行肺动脉造影(CTPA)联合下肢深静脉造影(CTV).A组(15例)采用120~150 mL对比剂,注射速率4 mL/s.B组(15例)采用120~150 mL对比剂,双期注射,第一期50 mL,注射速率4 mL/s,第二期注射70~110 mL对比剂,注射速率2 mL/s,为对照组(B组).对肺动脉各级血管CT均值和下肢静脉血管CT均值进行测量及上腔静脉伪影进行评价.结果 30例检查中肺动脉各级血管和下肢静脉均得到良好的强化,2组无显著性差异.上腔静脉伪影评价,B组上腔静脉伪影对右肺动脉及右上叶动脉的影响明显少于A组,存在显著性差异(P＜0.05).结论 应用双期对比剂注射方法可以得到良好的肺动脉各级血管和下肢深静脉的强化,并可降低上腔静脉伪影的影响,可作为CTVPA的有效检查方法.     

多层螺旋CT在肺栓塞检查中的方法与技巧

目的 :探讨多层螺旋CT对诊断急性肺动脉栓塞及下肢深静脉血栓的检查方法、技巧以及临床应用价值。方法 :对 2 1例临床上疑肺动脉栓塞 (PE)的病例先行常规平扫 ,后经肘静脉注入适量对比剂 ,首先延迟 2 0s ,从膈下到主动脉弓上缘从足侧向头侧方向采用多层螺旋CT行薄层 (4i× 1mm ,螺距 3 .5 ,0 .5s/周 )肺动脉成像 (CTPA) ,延迟约 15 0s行间接法深静脉成像 (CTV) ,由膈下至膝关节下缘的非螺旋扫描。结果 :2 1例患者中检出 12例急性PE ,间接法CTV检出 8例深静脉血栓 (其中 7例合并急性PE)。延迟 2 0s及 15 0s行CTPA及CTV ,肺动脉及深静脉充盈良好 ,血栓表现为部分或完全腔内充盈缺损。对PE的显示MPR优于SSD及MIP。结论 :螺旋CT肺动脉造影是急性肺动脉栓塞安全、迅速、有效、无创伤的诊断方法 ,联合下半身深静脉造影 ,对栓子的来源和肺栓塞的治疗及预后有非常重要的作用 ,而且具有较高的成本 效益比。     

一站式CT静脉造影扫描在肺动脉栓塞联合下肢静脉血栓诊断中的临床应用

肺栓塞（PE）是较常见的一种急性心血管疾病,而下肢深静脉血栓（DVT）主要来源于PE栓子脱落,因此,一站式早期正确诊断PE及下肢DVT已经成为临床治疗此类疾病的关键[1]。CT静脉造影（CTV）是目前较为可靠的无创性的血管造影检查技术,本研究旨在探讨用64排螺旋CT一站式CTV扫描在早期正确诊断PE及下肢DVT方面的临床应用价值。     

16层螺旋CT血管造影诊断肺动脉栓塞并下肢深静脉血栓

目的 探讨下肢深静脉血栓和肺栓塞的多层CT联合成像的诊断价值。方法 31例患者行CT肺动脉血管造影,其中15例同时行下肢深静脉联合成像,采用16层螺旋CT,1.25mm×16模式采集,注射对比剂120～150ml,注射流率3.5～4.0ml/s,肺动脉延迟20～25s扫描,下肢静脉延迟150～180s扫描。并结合容积重建（VR）、最大密度投影（MIP）、多平面重建（MPR）、曲面重建（CPR）等重建技术进行图像分析。结果 共发现下肢深静脉血栓15例16侧,肺栓塞31例51处,其中肺栓塞和下肢深静脉血栓同时存在15例。结论 多层螺旋CT肺动脉和下肢静脉联合成像可一次性评价肺动脉和下肢静脉,是肺栓塞首选的影像检查方法。     

双向多层螺旋CT下肢静脉造影法的研究和应用

目的探讨双向多层螺旋CT静脉造影(Bi-directionalMSCTV)对诊断下肢深静脉血栓(DVT)的临床应用价值。方法收集8人次超声难以显示的下肢肿胀病人行Bi-directiorralMSCTV检查,检查后经最大密度投影(MIP),表面遮盖法(SSD)及容积再现法(VR)重建。结果双向多层螺旋CT下肢静脉造影技术较常规静脉造影和常规单向CT静脉造影更清晰显示盆腔静脉血栓,尚能显示小腿等超声难以显示的血栓。结论双向多层螺旋CT下肢静脉造影法可作为诊断下肢静脉血栓性病变的最佳方法。     

Improvement in quality of life in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma treated with non-invasive extracorporeal radiofrequency in combination with chemoradiotherapy

Abstract

Purpose: To improve the quality of life (QOL) of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) after chemoradiotherapy (CRT), it is necessary to find an effective method to reduce the toxic side-effects of CRT.

Materials and methods: Between June 2007 and June 2010, 83 previously untreated patients with NPC were randomized to receive CRT either with or without non-invasive extracorporeal radiofrequency (ERF). All the patients underwent radiation, and weekly chemotherapy of paclitaxel 135–175 mg/m² and cisplatin 60–90 mg/m². In addition, the patients in the treatment group also underwent non-invasive ERF on a radiofrequency machine at 13.56 MHz for 1 hour at 41–43°C. After the completion of treatment, evaluation was carried out to determine the survival rate, disease-free survival time, and QOL. QOL was analyzed by using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire-Core 30 (EORTC QLQ-C30) and the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Head and Neck Cancer Module (EORTC QLQ-H&N35) every 6 months during the three-year period.

Results: After completion of the treatments, the 36-month survival rate was 0.730 in the treatment group and 0.535 in the reference group (p = 0.041); the average disease-free survival time was 48 months in the treatment group and only 37.5 months in the reference group (p = 0.048). In the post- treatment questionnaires, several NPC-specific (pain, swallowing, speech, social eating, opening mouth, dry mouth, sticky saliva) QOL domains were better preserved with CRT + ERF compared to CRT at different time-points.

Conclusions: The combination treatment of ERF with CRT can prolong the survival rate and disease-free survival time and improve the QOL for patients with NPC.     

Changes in brain size with treatment in patients with hyper- or hypothyroidism

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Although neuropsychological symptoms and signs are common in thyroid disease, their organic substrate is unknown. We performed brain MR imaging in patients with hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism before and after treatment and correlated the results with hormonal markers. METHODS. Eight patients with hyperthyroid disease and three with hypothyroid disease underwent imaging within 1-2 days of a thyroid hormone testing. Images were registered, and brain and ventricular sizes were measured by using a semiautomated contour and thresholding technique. Changes in brain and ventricular volume were correlated with serum levels of total thyroxine (T(4)), unbound triiodothyronine (free T(3)), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) before and after treatment. RESULTS. With treatment, brain size decreased by 6,329-31,183 mm(3) in the hyperthyroid group and increased by 2,599-48,825 mm(3) in the hypothyroid group. Conversely, with treatment, ventricular size increased by 325-6,279 mm(3) in the hyperthyroid group and decreased by 760-2,376 mm(3) in the hypothyroid group. There was a highly significant correlation between reduction in brain size and reduction in T(4), as well as between the increase in ventricular size and reduction in T(4). There was a significant correlation between reduction in ventricular size and reduction in free T(3). There were highly significant correlations between reduced levels of TSH and increase in brain size, as well as between increased levels of TSH and increase in ventricular size. CONCLUSION. In thyroid disease, the size of the brain and ventricles significantly change after treatment, and these changes are correlated with T(4), free T(3), and TSH levels. The mechanism of these changes is uncertain, but it may involve osmolyte regulation, the sodium and water balance, and alterations in cerebral hemodynamics.     

Orbital phlebography in patients with Tolosa-Hunt's syndrome in comparison with normal subjects

Orbital phlebography has been reported to be pathologic in some patients with Tolosa-Hunt's syndrome (recurrent painful ophthalmoplegia). A systematic study of the phlebographic findings in Tolosa-Hunt's syndrome in comparison with a normal material seems not to have been performed. In this investigation, orbital phlebography was performed in 19 patients with Tolosa-Hunt's syndrome and in a reference group of 23 persons without the disease. In 13 of 19 patients (68%) with Tolosa-Hunt's syndrome, the phlebography was pathologic (narrowing or occlusion of particularly the third segment of the superior ophthalmic vein, partial occlusion of the cavernous sinus). Orbital phlebography was normal in all but one of the subjects in the reference group. The medical history of this subject in retrospect revealed symptoms other than painful ophthalmoplegia commonly found in patients with Tolosa-Hunt's syndrome, suggesting that he suffered from a variant of the disease causing the syndrome. In one patient with recurrent painful ophthalmoplegia a biopsy from an eye muscle showed venous vasculitis, probably indicating the basic pathology behind the phlebographic changes in patients with Tolosa-Hunt's syndrome.     

湿润烧伤膏与手术联合治疗褥疮的护理

目的 :减少溃疡期褥疮的术前准备时间 ,缩短褥疮的总病程。方法 :将 1996年 5月至 2 0 0 2年 5月收住院的 4 2例溃疡期褥疮病人按随机原则分为 2组 ,2 1例术前用湿润烧伤膏纱换药处理 ,为A组 (试验组 ) ;2 1例用庆大霉素紫草油纱布换药处理 ,为B组 (对照组 )。 2组病例的年龄、性别、发病原因、病灶部位、病灶范围等经统计学处理 ,无显著性差别 ,有可比性。两组病人均换药至创面新鲜行皮瓣转移手术 ;比较两组平均术前换药时间 ,及换药 +手术的总住院日。术前术后两组患者均运用护理程序施行整体护理。结果 :A组术前平均换药时间为 8 4 9± 2 2 3天 ,B组为 15 6 0± 6 70天 ;A组平均治愈时间为 2 0 5 0± 4 81天 ,B组为 35 31± 7 70天。结论 :湿润烧伤膏换药与庆大霉素紫草油纱布换药比较 ,前者可明显缩短褥疮手术的术前准备时间及病人的总住院天数。     

Dynamic equinus with hindfoot valgus in children with hemiplegia

In children with hemiplegia, it is important to distinguish between equinus with hindfoot varus (equinovarus) or valgus (equinovalgus). Premature onset of medial gastrocnemius (GM) EMG in individuals with equinus is well documented. Premature onset of Peroneus longus (PL) EMG has been described in neurologically impaired adults with equinovalgus, but not in children. Our aim was to record the onset of PL and GM activity on the hemiplegic side of children with equinovalgus deformity. Fifteen children GMFCS 1 (3.8 yrs ± 2) with hemiplegia had a goniometric assessment of passive ankle range of motion and assessment of ankle function from video and surface EMG recording during gait. The clinical and video observations were used to determine the equinovalgus, as defined by Wren, at initial contact (IC). The premature onset of muscle activity was normalised as a swing (SW) percentage prior to IC of the following stance (ST). A paired T-test compared the onset of muscle activity between PL and GM. The ankle passive dorsiflexion was 13° ± 12° (hemiplegic side) versus 18° ± 10° (non-involved side) (p<0.05). For the non-involved limb, the onset of GM activity was at 14% of the gait cycle (midstance), the onset of PL activity was at 19% (p<0.05). For the hemiplegic limb with equinovalgus, there was a premature onset activity of PL (-24%) and GM(-8%) (p<0.001). On the non involved side, the onset of PL activity occurred, as in adults, after the onset of GM activity, during ST. On the hemiplegic side, there was no triceps surae contracture and the onset of PL activity occurred prior to the onset of GM activity, during terminal SW. This study confirmed the overactivity of PL in hemiplegic children with equinovalgus.     

Metrizamide compared with metrizoate in cardioangiography in high-risk patients with coronary artery disease

In a double-blind, randomized, two-group study of 99 'high-risk' patients mainly with coronary artery disease, the non-ionic contrast medium, Amipaque (metrizamide), was compared with the ionic medium, Isopaque Coronar (meglumine-Na-Ca-metrizoate) in cinecardioangiography. In evaluating the influence of the contrast media on the left ventricular end diastolic pressure (LVEDP), the material was divided into 2 groups, 55 patients with a basal LVEDP of 15 mmHg or less and 44 with an LVEDP above this level. In the former group LVEDP increased significantly after injection of the contrast medium into the left ventricle, but significantly less (p = 0.006) after Amipaque than after Isopaque Coronar. In the patients with a basal LVEDP above 15 mmHg, no significant change occurred in LVEDP after left ventriculography with any of the 2 contrast media. No serious complications occurred.     

Radiochemotherapy in Combination with Regional Hyperthermia in Preirradiated Patients with Recurrent Rectal Cancer

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Encouraging results of phase II studies combining chemotherapy with radiotherapy have been published. In this study, the results of a multimodal salvage therapy including radiochemotherapy (RCT) and regional hyperthermia (RHT) in preirradiated patients with recurrent rectal cancer are reported. PATIENTS AND METHODS: All patients enrolled had received previous pelvic irradiation (median dose 50.4 Gy). The median time interval between prior radiotherapy and the onset of local recurrence was 34 months. The combined treatment consisted of reirradiation with a median dose of 39.6 Gy (30.0-45.0 Gy), delivered in fractions of 1.8 Gy/day. 5-fluorouracil was given as continuous infusion 350 mg/m(2)/day five times weekly, and RHT (BSD-2000 system) was applied twice a week within 1 h after radiotherapy. The primary endpoint was local progression-free survival (LPFS); secondary endpoints were overall survival, symptom control, and toxicity. RESULTS: 24 patients (median age 59 years) with a previously irradiated locally recurrent adenocarcinoma of the rectum were enrolled. The median LPFS was 15 months (95% confidence interval 12-18 months] with a median follow-up of 27 months (16-37 months). The overall 1-year and 3-year survival rates were 87% and 30%, respectively. Pain was the main symptom in 17 patients. Release of pain was achieved in 12/17 patients (70%). No grade 3 or 4 hematologic or skin toxicity occurred. Grade 3 gastrointestinal acute toxicity was observed in 12.5% of the patients. Paratumoral thermometry revealed a homogeneous distribution of temperatures. CONCLUSION: RCT combined with RHT is an efficient salvage therapy showing high efficacy with acceptable toxicity and can be recommended as treatment option for this unfavorable group of preirradiated patients with local recurrence of rectal cancer.