小剂量rt-PA静脉溶栓治疗超早期心源性脑栓塞临床分析

目的探讨小剂量rt-PA静脉溶栓治疗超早期心源性脑栓塞的安全性及近期疗效。方法回顾性分析我院2008-01—2013-12超早期心源性脑栓塞患者47例,其中接受小剂量rt-PA静滴溶栓治疗24例为溶栓组,接受常规二级预防23例为对照组。比较2组治疗前后美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)、Barthel指数(BI)及改良Rankin评分(mRS)。结果2组治疗前基本临床资料比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);溶栓组NIHSS评分明显下降,BI、mRS上升,2组治疗后NIHSS评分、BI、mRS比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05),其中1例出现无症状性脑出血。对照组治疗后NIHSS评分、BI、mRS与治疗前相比差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论小剂量rt-PA静脉溶栓治疗超早期心源性脑栓塞是安全的,近期疗效显著。     

重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂超早期静脉溶栓治疗急性脑梗死的疗效观察

目的 探讨重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂(rt-PA)超早期静脉溶栓治疗急性脑梗死(ACI)的疗效及安全性.方法 对74例发病＜6 h的ACI患者给予rt-PA(50 mg)静脉溶栓治疗,溶栓前及溶栓后30 min、24 h、14 d及3个月时分别采用美国国立卫生院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分,以及溶栓后3个月给予修订的Rankin评分(mRS)和日常生活能力Barthal指数(BI)评分,评价其疗效及安全性.结果 溶栓后各时间点NIHSS评分均有明显改善(均P<0.01);3个月时NIHSS≤1分者31例(41.9%),mRS 0～1分者39例(52.7%),BI 95～100分者33例(44.6%).脑出血发生率:＜36 h 5例(6.8%),36～72 h 3例(4.1%).3个月内死亡9例(12.2%).结论 ACI发病6 h内给予rt-PA静脉溶栓治疗相对安全有效.     

25例急性脑梗死患者静脉溶栓治疗

目的 观察重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂(rt-PA)早期静脉溶栓治疗急性脑梗死的疗效及安全性.方法 25例发病时间＜3 h的急性脑梗死患者接受rt-PA静脉溶栓治疗,剂量(0.6～0.9)mg/kg.溶栓前及溶栓后2 h、24 h及7 d接受美国国立卫生院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分,3个月接受改良Rankin评分,并观察安全性.结果 溶栓后7 d的NIHSS评分较基线值显著改善(P=0.04),20例完成3个月MRS评估者中,0～1分6例(30%),死亡2例(10%).症状性脑出血患者2例.基线NIHSS评分高(P=0.002)及完全前循环梗死型(P=0.01)者易发生症状性脑出血.结论 早期静脉溶栓治疗急性脑梗死能改善患者的远期预后.     

超早期尿激酶静脉溶栓治疗急性脑栓塞64例疗效分析

目的观察超早期尿激酶静脉溶栓治疗急性脑栓塞的临床效果。方法选择我院收治的64例急性脑栓塞患者为研究对象,随机分为对照组和观察组。对照组采用常规治疗,观察组采用超早期尿激酶静脉溶栓治疗,比较2组治疗效果、治疗前后神经功能缺损改善情况。结果观察组总有效率达100%,显著高于对照组的62.5%。观察组治疗后24h、2周神经功能缺损评分显著优于对照组。2组不良反应发生率差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论超早期尿激酶静脉溶栓治疗急性脑栓塞疗效确切,安全可靠,值得临床推广应用。     

改良尿激酶静脉溶栓方案治疗急性脑梗死的疗效观察

目的探讨改良尿激酶静脉溶栓方案治疗急性脑梗死的临床疗效。方法 90例急性脑梗死患者分为改良组(30例)和对照组(60例),改良组采用尿激酶50万U 15min内静滴完,继以尿激酶50万U 45min内静滴完;对照组采用尿激酶100万U 30min内静滴完。在溶栓前、溶栓后1h、24h、14d进行美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分,观察14d时改良的Rankin残障(mRS)评分及再闭塞的发生率。结果溶栓后1h2组NIHSS分数均迅速降低,差异无统计学意义(P0.05),改良组14dNIHSS评分为3.9±2.4,对照组5.1±3.3;14d时mRS≤2者,改良组20例(67%),对照组28例(47%);再闭塞发生率,改良组2例(7%),对照组13例(22%);2组比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论改良尿激酶溶栓方案治疗急性脑梗死临床效果确切,早期再闭塞发生率显著减少。     

超选择性动脉溶栓治疗急性后循环缺血性卒中疗效观察

目的 本研究旨在探讨超选择性动脉溶栓治疗急性后循环缺血性卒中的有效性及安全性.方法 41例急性后循环卒中患者给予尿激酶超选择性动脉内接触溶栓,观察溶栓前、溶栓后24 h NIHSS、GCS评分变化,3个月时Barthel评分情况,溶栓后闭塞血管的再通及症状性脑出血等情况.结果 41例患者中脑血管造影有狭窄或闭塞者32例,溶栓后狭窄血管成功再通25(78.1%),血管未再通7例(21.9%);再通的病例中5例再通后残余狭窄严重,同期给予支架成形术.溶栓后24 h较溶栓前NIHSS评分明显降低(14.83±6.69 vs 18.20±4.19,P＜0.05),而GCS评分明显提高(10.63±3.73 vs 8.78±1.77,P＜0.05);3个月时日常生活能力指数(Barthel index,BI)≥60者达65.9%;溶栓并发脑出血5例,其中症状性脑出血3例,均死亡.结论 尿激酶超选择性动脉内接触溶栓治疗急性后循环缺血性卒中安全、有效.     

阿替普酶静脉溶栓治疗急性脑梗死24例临床分析

目的观察阿替普酶静脉溶栓治疗急性脑梗死的疗效及安全性。方法选择2011—2014年确诊的急性脑梗死患者40例,分为阿替普酶静脉溶栓治疗组24例,对照组16例,比较2组溶栓前、溶栓后1d、溶栓后7d的NIHSS评分以及溶栓后3个月的mRS评分,并观察其不良反应。结果治疗组溶栓前与溶栓后7d的NIHSS评分与对昭组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。根据mRS评分,治疗后3个月,溶栓组预后良好13例(54.2%),对照组为7例(43.7%)。溶栓组1例出现症状性脑出血,治疗后恢复。结论在治疗时间窗内,阿替普酶静脉溶栓治疗急性脑梗死安全有效。     

尿激酶溶栓联合阿司匹林治疗风湿性心脏病左心房内血栓脱落致脑栓塞的疗效

目的 分析尿激酶溶栓联合阿司匹林在风湿性心脏病左心房内血栓脱落所致脑栓塞治疗中的应用价值.方法 应用随机数字表法,将60例风湿性心脏病左心房内血栓脱落所致脑栓塞患者分为2组,每组30例.对照组接受包括阿司匹林在内的常规治疗,观察组接受联合尿激酶溶栓及阿司匹林治疗,对比2组治疗效果.结果 对照组治疗前后NIHSS评分及ADL评分无明显变化(P＞0.05),观察组治疗前后NIHSS评分呈下降趋势,ADL评分呈升高趋势(P＜0.05);2组治疗前NIHSS评分及ADL评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),而观察组治疗1d、2d及3d时NIHSS评分低于对照组,ADL评分高于对照组(P＜0.05).2组不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 联合尿激酶溶栓及阿司匹林可有效改善风湿性心脏病左心房内血栓脱落致脑栓塞的疗效.     

轻中度急性脑梗死MRI指导下超时间窗静脉溶栓治疗的研究

目的探讨头颅MRI指导下轻中度急性脑梗死超时间窗rt-PA静脉溶栓治疗的安全性和有效性。方法收集发病12 h内的轻中度脑梗死(NIHSS评分≤15分)患者306例,行头颅MR快速成像序列检查,符合溶栓标准131例,其中≤4.5 h组84例,4.5~12 h组MRI评价后存在缺血半暗带47例,观察2组患者治疗后出血情况及pod的疗效。结果≤4.5 h组发生8例脑出血,发生率为9.52%,死亡0例,4.5~12 h组发生6例脑出血,发生率为12.76%,死亡0例,2组患者基线情况、继发脑出血的发生率、90 d NIHSS评分、mRS评分、BI评分均无显著差异(P均>0.05)。治疗前NIHSS评分...     

心源性脑栓塞患者尿激酶静脉溶栓的疗效及安全性

目的探讨心源性脑栓塞患者尿激酶静脉溶栓的疗效及安全性。方法 64例急性缺血性卒中患者在发病6h内接受静脉溶栓治疗,根据患者既往史及入院时心电图检查结果将患者分为心房颤动组(22例)和非心房颤动组(42例),所有患者溶栓前行美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分,溶栓后3个月行改良Rakin量表(mRS)评分。结果心房颤动组和非心房颤动组溶栓后3个月mRS评分0~1分患者比例差异无统计学意义(P0.05),心房颤动组和非心房颤动组症状性颅内出血比例差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论心房颤动不影响急性缺血性卒中患者静脉溶栓治疗的远期疗效,心房颤动患者行静脉溶栓不增加症状性颅内出血风险。     

Denervation study of synapses of organ of corti of old world monkeys

Fine structural characteristics of synapses in the spiral organ of Corti were examined, with reference to differences between inner and outer haircell systems, and to location of neurons of origin of efferent axons. Surgical interruption of crossed olivocochlear bundle, of vestibular nerve, of facial nerve, and excision of superior cervical ganglia were used to determine the pathways of efferent axons. Interruption of the vestibular nerve near the brainstem results in degeneration of all efferent terminals on outer hair cells. Mid-line lesions at, and caudal to, the facial colliculus result in degeneration of about half of these efferent terminals. Efferent synaptic bulbs to the inner hair-cell system are small, of the order of one micron, and form type 2 junctions with afferent dendrites. They tend to have more large dense-core vesicles (about 80 nm) than the large efferent terminals of the outer hair-cell system, and appear to be the terminals of axons in the habenula perforata, which exhibit varicosities laden with large dense core vesicles. The varicosities are unaffected by excision of the superior cervical ganglia. So far as our material can reveal, it appears that the varicosities in the habenula perforata do not survive vestibular root interruption, nor do the efferent processes in the internal spiral bundle or at the base of inner hair cells. Most interestingly, the afferent processes of the inner hair-cell system, as identified for example by their relation to pre-synaptic bodies in the inner hair cells, are subject to a trans-synaptic reaction after severance of the vestibular root. They undergo a dramatic cytological transformation, characterized by increase of volume, engorgement with microtubules, microfilaments, microvesicles of various sizes, and clusters of lysosomes. Thus, both the efferent and afferent terminals of the inner hair-cell system show marked cytological differences from the corresponding terminals of the outer hair cell system.     

Mechanism of action of tubocurarine on nicotinic cholinoreceptors of neurons of the sympathetic ganglia of rats

Tubocurarine (Tc) effect on membrane currents elicited by acetylcholine (ACh) was studied in isolated superior cervical ganglion neurons of rat using patch-clamp method in the whole-cell recording mode. The "use-dependent" block of ACh current by Tc was revealed in the experiments with ACh applications, indicating that Tc blocked the channels opened by ACh. Mean lifetime of Tc-open channel complex, tau, was found to be 9.8 +/- 0.5 s (n = 7) at -50 mV and 20-24 degrees C. tau exponentially increased with membrane hyperpolarization (e-fold change in tau corresponded to the membrane potential shift by 61 mV). Inhibition of the ACh-induced current by Tc (3-30 microM/1) was completely abolished by membrane depolarization to the level of 80-100 mV. Inhibition of ACh-induced current was augmented at increased ACh doses. It is concluded that the open channel block produced by Tc is likely to be the only mechanism for Tc action on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in superior cervical ganglion neurons of rat.     

The effect of age of onset of PD on risk of dementia

Background Dementia occurs in the majority of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Late onset of PD has been reported to be associated with a higher risk for dementia. However, age at onset (AAO) and age at baseline assessment are often correlated. The aim of this study was to explore whether AAO of PD symptoms is a risk factor for dementia independent of the general effect of age. Methods Two community-based studies of PD in New York (n = 281) and Rogaland county, Norway (n = 227) and two population-based groups of healthy elderly from New York (n = 180) and Odense, Denmark (n = 2414) were followed prospectively for 3–4 years and assessed for dementia according to DSM-IIIR. All PD and control cases underwent neurological examination and were followed with neurological and neuropsychological assessments. We used Cox proportional hazards regression based on three different time scales to explore the effect of AAO of PD on risk of dementia, adjusting for age at baseline and other demographic and clinical variables. Findings In both PD groups and in the pooled analyses, there was a significant effect of age at baseline assessment on the time to develop dementia, but there was no effect of AAO independent of age itself. Consistent with these results, there was no increased relative effect of age on the time to develop dementia in PD cases compared with controls. Interpretation This study shows that it is the general effect of age, rather than AAO that is associated with incident dementia in subjects with PD. Received in revised form: 22 December 2005     

Limits of deinstitutionalization--perspectives of relatives of psychiatric patients

After a hopeful beginning, the social process of the reintegration of those with severe mental illness has come to a standstill. I am led to wonder whether "the community" really wants to live together with people suffering from severe mental illness, and if so, how closely? As long as the medical treatment of mental illness provided by the general practitioners is fundamentally deficient, as they are not able to prescribe the necessary interventions--such as out-patient psychiatric nursing, and service providers in the out-patient sector are content with offering increasingly intensive forms of care for the less seriously ill at the cost of the Social Welfare System--the reintegration of those with serious mental illness remains an illusion--which is mainly to the benefit of providers of residential care in homes and hostels.     

Summary of Legislation of 1933 of interest to the Department of Mental Hygiene

Psychiatric Quarterly -