多层螺旋CT对十二指肠壁内血肿的诊断价值

目的探讨十二指肠肠壁内血肿的多层螺旋CT表现及其诊断价值。资料与方法回顾性分析3例经保守治疗、CT随访证实的十二指肠肠壁血肿患者的多层螺旋CT表现。结果血肿位于十二指肠降段2例,同时累及水平段、降段1例,呈高低混杂或低密度肿块,边缘光整,无增强;肿块与肠壁间有少量气体;肠腔受压变窄;肠壁增厚2例,变薄1例;伴胆总管扩张l例,肠梗阻2例,腹腔积液3例。结论多层螺旋CT能对十二指肠肠壁血肿做出准确、全面诊断,对评估损伤程度、指导临床治疗方案的选择有重要作用。     

多层螺旋CT对食管壁内血肿的诊断价值

目的通过分析食管壁内血肿的CT征象,提高CT对该疾病的诊断准确性。方法收集并回顾性分析我院2007年7月至2011年6月经临床随访证实为食管壁内血肿的15例患者的临床及CT资料。结果在CT像上食管壁内血肿11例表现为管壁偏心性增厚,4例表现为同心圆形增厚,管腔狭窄;5例食管壁内血肿患者病变范围累及食管下段,10例累及食管中下段。结论多层螺旋CT在评价食管壁内血肿的形态、严重程度及累及范围方面具有重要价值。     

儿童十二指肠肠壁血肿三例报告并结合文献分析

目的 探讨十二指肠肠壁血肿的CT、MRI及消化道造影的影像学表现特点及其诊断价值.方法 回顾性分析确诊为十二指肠肠壁血肿的3例患儿的CT、MRI及消化道造影的图像.结果 1例累及十二指肠降段下部及水平段,1例累及十二指肠水平段,1例累及十二指肠升段及空肠起始段;3例均造成不同程度的不全性肠梗阻,1例存在活动性出血.2例CT表现为不同的混杂等、稍高密度,1例CT表现为低密度.1例MRI表现为长T1、短T2信号,增强扫描囊内无强化;1例MRI表现为等T1、混杂T2信号,增强扫描囊内可见小斑片状对比剂信号.结论 CT和MRI检查在十二指肠肠壁间血肿的诊断中具有重要价值,可以作为首选的影像学检查方法,同时MRI检查因其不具损伤的特性,可以作为保守治疗中疗效评估的首选影像学检查方法.     

儿童腹部钝性损伤致十二指肠肠壁血肿CT和MRI表现

目的探讨儿童腹部钝性损伤十二指肠致肠壁血肿CT和MRI特征。方法回顾性分析经手术或临床证实的8例十二指肠壁血肿CT和MRI资料。结果病灶均单发,肠腔内7例,肠腔外1例,呈管状型或类圆形,边缘清楚6例,模糊2例,位于单一肠段4例,多个肠段4例。CT扫描病灶呈等高密度包块,密度不均匀,典型者可见"融冰征"和(或)"空气裂隙征";MRI扫描病灶T1WI呈稍高或混杂信号,T2WI呈低或等高信号,增强扫描病灶内均无强化,其中血肿壁强化3例。结论儿童腹部钝性损伤致十二指肠肠壁血肿影像学表现特殊,CT、MRI平扫及增强扫描检查对病灶的显示具有优越性,有助于肠壁血肿的早期诊断和治疗。     

CT平扫与增强扫描对外伤性肾上腺血肿的诊断价值

目的探讨CT对外伤性肾上腺血肿的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析经临床随访证实的12例外伤性肾上腺血肿的CT表现,全部经CT平扫,其中10例又经CT增强扫描。结果 12例中累及单侧11例,均为右侧,双侧1例。CT表现为肾上腺弥漫性肿胀,平扫结果可为高密度（7个）、低密度（4个）和高低混杂密度（2个）,边缘模糊10个,清晰3个。10例增强扫描显示,11个病灶血肿均无强化,血肿依附于强化肾上腺边缘,肾上腺呈弧形受压。合并征象有肾上腺周围脂肪密度增高伴线样影,同侧膈脚肿胀。12例均合并其他胸、腹部损伤。结论外伤性肾上腺血肿的CT表现具有一定的特征性,对其诊断和治疗具有重要价值。     

多层螺旋CT诊断十二指肠肿瘤的临床价值分析

目的 探讨多层螺旋CT（MSCT）与病理对照对十二指肠肿瘤诊断价值。方法 对79例经病理证实的十二指肠肿瘤MSCT资料及发病机制进行回顾性分析。结果 79例原发性十二指肠肿瘤中十二指肠腺癌57例,间质瘤7例,恶性淋巴瘤7例,类癌4例,脂肪瘤2例,腺瘤2例。十二指肠腺癌CT表现为十二指肠局部软组织肿块影,伴肠腔不规则狭窄;间质瘤CT表现多为较大软组织肿块,有明显强化,肿块多腔外生长;恶性淋巴瘤CT表现肿瘤累及肠管范围较长,肠壁增厚明显,呈轻-中度强化,但肠梗阻症状不明显;类癌CT表现软组织肿块或结节影,强化较明显;脂肪瘤CT表现边界清楚的低密度肿块影（CT值为负值）,强化不明显;腺瘤CT表现等密度的菜花状小肿块影,增强扫描明显均匀强化,边缘有分叶状。结论 MSCT有助于十二指肠肿瘤的定位,定性诊断,对临床制定治疗方案和预后的评估有很大帮助。     

CT在原发性十二指肠恶性肿瘤诊断中的价值

目的:探讨CT在原发性十二指肠恶性肿瘤中的诊断及鉴别诊断价值。方法:回顾性分析36例经手术病理证实的原发性十二指肠恶性肿瘤患者的CT检查资料,并与手术病理结果进行对照。结果:36例原发性十二指肠恶性肿瘤中十二指肠腺癌30例,恶性间质瘤3例,恶性淋巴瘤1例,神经内分泌癌2例。十二指肠腺癌CT表现为十二指肠局部软组织肿块影,伴肠腔不规则狭窄;恶性间质瘤CT表现多为较大软组织肿块,有明显强化,肿块多腔外生长;恶性淋巴瘤CT表现肿瘤累及肠管范围较长,肠壁增厚明显,呈轻-中度强化,但肠梗阻症状不明显;神经内分泌癌CT表现软组织肿块或结节影,强化较明显。结论:CT检查对原发性十二指肠恶性肿瘤有重要的诊断价值及鉴别诊断价值。     

多层螺旋CT在原发性十二指肠癌诊断中的应用

目的 评价多层螺旋CT及其后处理技术在诊断原发性十二指肠癌的价值.资料与方法 对7例经手术后病理证实的原发性十二指肠癌患者的多层螺旋CT表现进行回顾性分析.结果 7例中有4例表现为局部软组织肿块影;3例表现为管壁增厚和管腔狭窄;同时表现为局部软组织肿块和管壁增厚、局部管腔狭窄者2例;与胰头分界不清2例;肝内转移1例;肺内转移1例;增强扫描表现为软组织肿块者在动脉期有明显强化,静脉及延迟期强化部分消退明显.结论 多层螺旋CT及其后处理技术对原发性十二指肠癌的诊断和手术分期及指导治疗有价值.     

The value of CT in diagnosing primary malignant duodenal tumors

目的:探讨CT在原发性十二指肠恶性肿瘤中的诊断及鉴别诊断价值.方法:回顾性分析36例经手术病理证实的原发性十二指肠恶性肿瘤患者的CT检查资料,并与手术病理结果进行对照.结果:36例原发性十二指肠恶性肿瘤中十二指肠腺癌30例,恶性问质瘤3例,恶性淋巴瘤1例,神经内分泌癌2例.十二指肠腺癌CT表现为十二指肠局部软组织肿块影,伴肠腔不规则狭窄;恶性问质瘤CT表现多为较大软组织肿块,有明显强化,肿块多腔外生长;恶性淋巴瘤CT表现肿瘤累及肠管范围较长,肠壁增厚明显,呈轻一中度强化,但肠梗阻症状不明显;神经内分泌癌CT表现软组织肿块或结节影,强化较明显.结论:CT检查对原发性十二指肠恶性肿瘤有重要的诊断价值及鉴别诊断价值.     

十二指肠间质瘤的钡餐和CT诊断

目的探讨十二指肠间质瘤的钡餐和CT表现及其诊断价值.材料和方法回顾性分析2例经手术和病理证实的十二指肠间质瘤的钡餐和CT表现.结果2例肿瘤均位于十二指肠降部,其中位于外侧壁1例,位于内侧壁1例.1例肿块直径2.6cm,呈半球形,边缘光滑锐利,密度均匀,术后病理证实为良性.1例肿块直径6.2cm,呈多分叶状,密度不均匀,内有坏死,术后病理证实为低度恶性.结论CT对十二指肠间质瘤的诊断有一定价值,可初步鉴别肿瘤的良恶性,但确诊需依靠免疫组化和电子显微镜检查.     

Pulmonary computed tomography findings of visceral larva migrans caused by Ascaris suum

OBJECTIVE: To retrospectively evaluate the computed tomography (CT) findings of pulmonary involvement in patients with visceral larva migrans caused by Ascaris suum. METHODS: Institutional review board approval was obtained, and informed consent was waived. Chest CT scans obtained between January 1994 and November 2005 in 32 patients infected with A. suum were retrospectively evaluated by 3 chest radiologists. In 4 patients who underwent surgical or transbronchial biopsy, comparisons of the CT images with the actual specimens were performed. RESULTS: On CT scans, abnormal findings were seen in 28 patients. The most common abnormality consisted of nodules (n = 19) in which the majority had a halo of ground-glass attenuation (n = 17), followed by ground-glass attenuation (n = 18), and interlobular septal thickening (n = 14). These abnormalities were predominantly seen in the peripheral lung (n = 25). Of the 7 patients who underwent follow-up CT scans, nodules (n = 6) and ground-glass attenuation (n = 5) had migrated in 4 patients. Pathologically, these findings corresponded to marked eosinophilic infiltration into the interstitium. CONCLUSIONS: These CT findings are considered to be suggestive of thoracic involvement in patients with visceral larva migrans caused by A. suum.     

肌肉淋巴瘤的CT表现

目的：分析肌肉淋巴瘤的CT表现，了解其影像特点。资料与方法：回顾性分析经组织学或临床随诊证实的11例肌肉淋巴瘤的CT表现。非霍奇金淋巴瘤（NHL）9例，霍奇金淋巴瘤（HD）2例。9例行CT增强扫描，2例行CT平扫。结果：1例为单块肌肉受累，其余10例均为多处肌肉同时受累，其中8例为多处相连肌肉受累，2例为多处不相连肌肉受累。受累部位：髂腰肌7例，腰大肌5例，髂肌4例，腰方肌、闭孔内肌、腹壁肌肉各3例，肋间肌、背阔肌、梨状肌、臀肌各2例，胸肌、胸锁乳突肌各1例。病变形态：肌肉弥漫增大11例，肿块、多个结节融合各1例。平扫2例，病变密度与正常肌肉相似，1例均匀，另1例不均匀，内部见不规则片状低密度区。增强扫描9例，病变密度等于正常肌肉7例，轻度高于正常肌肉3例，明显高于正常肌肉1例；密度均匀4例，不均匀6例；病变内部见不规则片状密度区6例，点状钙化1例。结论：肌肉淋巴瘤的CT表现特点多为肌肉弥漫增大，常多处肌肉同时受累。平扫密度与正常肌肉相似，增强扫描可等于、轻度高于或明显高于正常肌肉。     

螺旋CT扫描及仿真内窥镜技术在胃癌中的诊断价值

目的探讨螺旋CT扫描及CT仿真内窥镜成像技术在胃癌中的临床诊断价值。方法对临床28例经病理证实的胃癌患者行螺旋CT扫描,层厚为5mm,螺距为1,将所得的容积数据传至工作站,应用NavigatorSmooth功能行CT仿真内窥镜(CTVE)成像,其结果与胃镜和/或手术病理结果比较。结果28例中,螺旋CT平扫能客观反映出胃壁病变的部位、形态及大小,病灶与周围组织器官的关系及邻近结构受侵情况。其中大网膜、胰腺及肝脏受侵分别为7例、4例及3例,淋巴结转移3例。CTVE成像能很好地显示出正常胃壁内部结构,病灶的立体形态、大小及范围。28例中26例诊断结果与病理结果对照基本相符。准确率高达92.8%。结论CTVE成像与螺旋CT平扫相结合,对胃癌具有较高的临床诊断价值。     

螺旋CT在胆囊癌诊断中的应用

目的　探讨螺旋CT对胆囊癌的诊断价值。资料与方法　回顾性分析经手术病理证实的资料较完整的17例胆囊癌。结果　胆囊癌呈软组织肿块型 10例 ,胆囊壁弥漫增厚型 5例 ,腔内结节型 2例。肝脏受侵犯 7例 ,淋巴结转移 5例 ,肝内、外胆管扩张 5例 ,腹水 2例 ,11例合并胆囊炎、胆囊结石。结论　螺旋CT对胆囊癌的诊断和分期有很大的价值     

鼻腔及鼻窦粘膜恶性黑色素瘤的CT评价

目的 探讨鼻腔及鼻窦恶性黑色素瘤的CT诊断价值。材料与方法 回顾性分析8例经病理证实的鼻腔及鼻窦恶性黑色素瘤的CT征象。结果 8例肿瘤均无钙化,注射碘对比剂后病灶有不同程度强化。CT冠状位及轴位扫描显示肿块位于单侧鼻、窦腔6例,双侧2例;病灶中心位于鼻腔前下4例,鼻腔上部及筛窦4例;肿瘤侵犯邻近结构,包括上颌窦4例,突破筛骨纸板到眶骨膜下间隙7例,向上破坏筛骨水平板和蝶平面,并浸润相应脑膜2例。结论 CT能很好地显示窦鼻腔恶性黑色素瘤的病变部位、周围骨质破坏和邻近重要结构的侵犯。尽管这些表现缺乏特征,对该肿瘤的定性诊断帮助不大,但CT对病变的全面评价是必要且较充分的。     

CT在胰腺结核诊断中的价值

目的：探讨胰腺结核的CT征象及其诊断价值。资料与方法：回顾性分析14例胰腺结核的CT表现及临床资料。结果：胰腺结核表现为3型：（1）局灶型：9例，多位于胰头，表现为低密度肿块伴有周边或蜂房状强化；（2）多结节型：4例，胰腺内多发低密度病变，无强化或轻度强化，胰头病变明显，呈蜂房状强化；（3）弥漫型：1例，表现为胰腺弥漫性肿大，边缘模糊。胰腺结核常伴有胰外结核。胰周淋巴结肿大9例，7例增强，呈花环状或环形强化；肝脏受累3例，脾脏受累4例，表现为肝、脾实质内低密度无强化病灶；胆管梗阻、结核性腹膜炎各3例。结论：胰腺结核CT表现多样，包括胰腺局灶性低密度肿块、多发低密度结节或弥漫性胰腺肿大，但最常见的表现是胰腺内局灶性蜂房状强化的肿块。低密度的胰周和门静脉周围淋巴结肿大伴周边环形强化以及其他播散结核灶是支持胰腺结核诊断的重要辅助征象。     

Intraductal papillary mucinous tumors of the pancreas: helical CT with histopathologic correlation

PURPOSE: To evaluate the accuracy of preoperative computed tomography (CT) in predicting the location and type of ductal involvement and malignant transformation in intraductal papillary mucinous (IPM) pancreatic tumors and to determine the predictive factors for malignancy at CT. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The helical CT scans obtained in 36 operated on patients with a diagnosis of IPM pancreatic tumor were retrospectively assessed. CT-histopathologic correlation was then performed. RESULTS: The final diagnoses of IPM tumor were combined type (n = 26) and branch duct type (n = 10) lesions. Histologic analysis revealed adenocarcinoma (n = 9), hyperplasia (n = 8), low-grade dysplasia (n = 12), and high-grade dysplasia (n = 7). The lesions were located mainly in the head or uncinate process (n = 20) or were diffuse or multifocal (n = 12). In 12 patients (13 cases), CT-histopathologic correlation was poor, including that in the evaluation of ductal involvement (n = 7), evaluation of lesion location (n = 2), and diagnosis of malignant transformation (n = 4). The most specific predictive signs of malignancy were presence of diabetes and, at CT, a solid mass, main pancreatic duct dilatation greater than 10 mm, diffuse or multifocal involvement, and attenuating or calcified intraluminal content. CONCLUSION: The main causes of poor CT-histopathologic correlation were related to evaluation of main pancreatic duct involvement and diagnosis of malignant transformation. The association between diabetes and specific CT criteria was highly suggestive of malignancy.     

Role of 18F-FDG PET/CT in staging and follow-up of lymphoma in pediatric and young adult patients

OBJECTIVE: To assess the role of 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) PET/CT in pediatric patients with Hodgkin disease (HD) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). MATERIALS AND METHODS: 31 patients, mean age 12.9 +/- 5.1, HD (n = 24), and NHL (n = 7) underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT at diagnosis (n = 31 studies) and later in the course of the disease (n = 75 studies). The findings of PET/CT were correlated with diagnostic CT and clinical follow-up. RESULTS: PET/CT findings resulted in a change of disease staging in 10 patients (32.3%), upstaging in 7 (22.6%) and downstaging in 3 (9.6%). On a lesion analysis, 164 disease sites were detected by PET/CT of which 38 were overlooked by DCT.At mid-treatment, PET was negative in 28 out of 31 patients (90%) with negative predictive value of 96% as all latter patients except for 1, were disease free (mean 15.4 +/- 8.8 months). The positive predictive value of persistent increased 18F-FDG uptake was 100% as 3 patients with latter findings had active disease. On the CT part, 76 residual masses were identified in 22 patients. Increased 18F-FDG uptake was detected in 11 masses in 4 patients who had active disease. Remaining 65 PET negative masses were false positive findings. The positive predictive value of residual CT mass was 14%. CONCLUSIONS: PET/CT is associated with change in staging in approximately 1 out of 3 pediatric patients with HD and NHL. When used for monitoring response to treatment, a negative study is associated with disease-free period, even when residual mass is detected. A positive PET study indicates residual malignant disease.     

多发性肌炎和无肌病皮肌炎肺部损害的CT分析

目的:探讨CT在诊断多发性肌炎和无肌病的皮肌炎肺损害的价值.材料和方法:使用东芝Asteion四层螺旋CT机对2001年6月～2003年12月我院收治的7例确诊皮肌炎患者的肺部进行扫描.结果:磨玻璃状阴影7例;小叶间隔增厚6例,胸膜下弧线影6例,支气管血管束影像异常改变7例,胸膜增厚7例,轮状或蜂窝状阴影5例,主要分布于两下肺野及胸膜下区.结论:CT可作为诊断多发性肌炎和无肌病的皮肌炎肺部损害的有效手段.