38例高血压病患者血脂与胰岛素抵抗

对３８例高血压病（ＥＨ）患者及２４例正常人空腹血清胰岛素（Ｉｎｓ）、Ｃ肽（ＣＰ）、血糖（ＳＧ）、甘油三酯（ＴＧ）、总胆固醇（ＴＣ）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（ＨＤＬ－Ｃ）及载脂蛋白（Ａｐｏ）含量进行测定，并推算胰岛素敏感指数（ＩＳＩ）。结果ＥＨ组Ｉｎｓ、ＣＰ升高，但ＩＳＩ显著降低，表明ＥＨ患者存在胰岛素抵抗（ＩＲ）。同时伴有ＴＧ、ＴＣ、ＡｐｏＢ１００、脂蛋白（ａ）［ＬＰ（ａ）］升高，ＨＤＬ－Ｃ、ＡｐｏＡＩ降低。相关分析表明，ＥＨ患者Ｉｎｓ与ＴＧ、ＡｐｏＢ１００、ＬＰ（ａ）呈显著正相关，与ＨＤＬ－Ｃ、ＡｐｏＡＩ呈显著负相关。ＩＳＩ与ＴＧ、ＡｐｏＢ１００呈显著负相关，提示ＥＨ患者ＩＲ可能是影响脂代谢的重要因素之一。     

胰岛素抵抗、胰岛素分泌功能对Ⅱ型糖尿病发生的影响

目的探讨中国非糖尿病人群中胰岛素抵抗、胰岛素分泌功能对糖尿病发生的影响。方法以Ｈｏｍａ模型的胰岛素抵抗指数（ＩＲ）＝ＦＩＮＳ／２２５ｅ－ｌｎＦＰＧ（ＦＩＮＳ为空腹胰岛素，ＦＰＧ为空腹血糖）及β细胞功能指数（ＨＢＣＩ）＝ＦＩＮＳ×２０／（ＦＰＧ－３５），对４０９例非糖尿病者６年随访资料进行糖尿病发病危险因素的比例风险模型分析，再以胰岛素敏感性指数（ＩＡＩ）＝１／（ＦＰＧ×ＦＩＮＳ）、胰岛素分泌功能指数（ＩＳ）＝ＦＩＮＳ／ＦＰＧ这对更简单的指数进行同样分析，并与前者比较。结果以Ｈｏｍａ模型的ＩＲ、ＨＢＣＩ分析显示，排除口服葡萄糖耐量试验２小时血糖、体重指数因素影响后，ＩＲ与糖尿病正相关（Ｐ＜００５），ＨＢＣＩ与糖尿病负相关（Ｐ＜０．０１），生活方式干预有利于减少糖尿病发病危险。与以ＩＡＩ＝１／（ＦＩＮＳ×ＦＰＧ）、ＩＳ＝ＦＩＮＳ／ＦＰＧ分析结果相似。结论（１）胰岛素抵抗及胰岛素分泌功能差是Ⅱ型糖尿病发病危险因素；（２）仅涉及空腹血糖及空腹胰岛素的Ｈｏｍａ模型在流行病研究中可用于评价胰岛素抵抗及β细胞功能，ＩＡＩ＝１／（ＦＰＧ×ＦＩＮＳ）、ＩＳ＝ＦＩＮＳ／ＦＰＧ可在分析中代替Ｈｏｍａ模型     

糖耐量减低患者胰岛β细胞早期分泌相的变化

对２６例糖耐量减低（ＩＧＴ）患者和３２例健康者的胰岛β细胞早期分泌相变化进行了观察。结果：①ＩＧＴ组空腹胰岛素（ＩＮＳ）和Ｃ－肽（Ｃ－Ｐ）明显高于对照组，左旋精氨酸（Ｌ－ＡＲＧ）兴奋后峰值ＩＮＳ、Ｃ－Ｐ和胰高血糖素（ＧＣ）也明显高于对照组；②△ΣＩＮＳ（Ｌ－ＡＲＧ兴奋后２、４、６分钟ＩＮＳ比空腹增加值之和）与舒张压、体重身高指数（ＢＭＩ）进行相关分析的相关系数分别为０．４８、０．５７。提示ＩＧＴ患     

冠心病患者红细胞胰岛素酶活性与胰岛素受体检测及其意义

目的为探讨冠心病患者的胰岛素抵抗（ＩＲ）与其红细胞胰岛素酶活性（ＥＩＡ）及红细胞胰岛素受体（ＥＩＲ）的关系。方法检测５４例冠心病患者及３０例健康人的ＥＩＡ、ＥＩＲ及相关指标，并计算胰岛素敏感性指数（ＩＳＩ）。结果冠心病患者的ＥＩＡ、空腹血浆胰岛素水平（ＦＩＮＳ）、血浆总胆固醇（ＴＣ）、血浆甘油三酯（ＴＧ）及低密度脂蛋白（ＬＤＬ）水平显著高于正常对照组（Ｐ＜００１），而低亲和力ＥＩＲ位点数、ＩＳＩ、血浆高密度脂蛋白胆固醇组分２（ＨＤＬ２）显著低于正常对照组（Ｐ＜００１）。伴非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病及高血压的冠心病患者与不伴这些疾病的冠心病患者相比，前者的ＥＩＡ、ＦＩＮＳ高于后者，而ＩＳＩ低于后者（Ｐ＜００１或Ｐ＜００５）。相关分析表明，冠心病患者的ＥＩＡ与ＦＩＮＳ、ＴＧ显著正相关，与低亲和力ＥＩＲ位点数及ＩＳＩ呈显著负相关，患者的低亲和力ＥＩＲ位点数与ＦＩＮＳ及ＴＧ呈负相关。结论（１）冠心病患者存在胰岛素抵抗；（２）冠心病患者的胰岛素抵抗可能与其胰岛素酶活性及胰岛素受体活性异常有关；（３）红细胞胰岛素酶活性和红细胞胰岛素受体也许可以一定程度地反映机体的胰岛素敏感性。     

陈旧性心肌梗塞者胰岛素水平及临床意义探讨

本研究观测了５０例老年陈旧性心肌梗塞（ＯＭＩ）病人空腹血浆胰岛素（ＩＳ）水平变化，并探讨其临床意义。结果表明，老年ＯＭＩ病人空腹血浆ＩＳ、总胆固醇（ＴＣ）、甘油三酯（ＴＧ）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（ＬＤＬ－Ｃ）、载脂蛋白Ｂ（ＡｐｏＢ）及脂蛋白（ａ）水平明显高于正常老年人，高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（ＨＤＬ－Ｃ）水平明显降低。ＯＭＩ病人中空腹ＩＳ水平与ＴＧ、ＡｐｏＢ水平呈显著的正相关性，与ＨＤＬ－Ｃ呈显著的岁相     

血糖,血浆胰岛素水平与血压升高的关系发生于糖尿病之前？

对年龄２５岁～７４岁２０１例糖耐量正常（ＮＯＧＴＴ）、３０７例ＩＧＴ、３６６例新发现ＮＩＤＤＭ，进行Ｐｅｒｓｏｎ单相关分析。年龄、性别、ＢＭＩ、空腹及服糖后血糖、胰岛素（ＩＮＳ）水平分别与血压正相关，调整年龄、性别、ＢＭＩ、血浆胆固醇、抽烟等因素后，ＮＯＧＴＴ及ＩＧＴ血糖与血压相关，ＮＩＤＤＭ者血糖与血压不相关，提示血糖水平对血压的影响发生于糖尿病之前。ＮＯＧＴＴ、ＩＧＴ、和ＮＩＤＤＭ总组，ＮＯＧＴＴ及ＩＧＴ组血浆ＩＮＳ水平与血压不相关，只有年龄小于５０岁，非肥胖的ＮＯＧＴＴ者血浆ＩＮＳ水平与血压相关，提示血浆胰岛素水平对血压的影响发生于年轻非肥胖的糖耐量正常者。     

非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病和糖耐量低减患者的胰岛素敏感性及其相关因素研究

为评价糖耐量异常者的胰岛素敏感性改变及其有关因素，对５７２例非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病（ＮＩＤＤＭ）、６４７例糖耐量低减（ＩＧＴ）和５４３名正常对照者进行了研究。结果显示，空腹血浆胰岛素（ＦＩｎｓ）水平和高胰岛素血症的百分率，在ＮＩＤＤＭ组＞ＩＧＴ组＞正常对照组（Ｐ＜０．０１）。胰岛素敏感性指数（ＩＳＩ）［－ｌｎ（ＦＩｎｓ×空腹血糖）］从大到小的排列顺序为：正常对照组、ＩＧＴ组，新诊断糖尿病组和原诊断糖尿病组（Ｐ＜０．０１）。各组肥胖者的ＩＳＩ小于非肥胖者（Ｐ＜０．０１）。单因素相关性分析显示，各组ＩＳＩ与体重指数（ＢＭＩ）呈负相关，与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇呈正相关。糖尿病组和ＩＧＴ组的ＩＳＩ与血压也呈负相关。多元逐步回归分析显示，ＩＳＩ与ＢＭＩ呈负相关，部分与血压、血脂也有相关性。提示糖耐量异常者伴有高胰岛素血症和胰岛素抵抗，ＩＳＩ与血管病变的危险因素有相关性。     

左旋精氨酸对糖耐量减低患者胰岛细胞早期分泌功能的兴奋作用的研究

目的　观察糖耐量减低（ＩＧＴ）患者胰岛早期分泌功能异常。方法　采用精氨酸（Ｌ－ＡＲＧ）静脉注射法对２９例ＩＧＴ患者和５４例健康者胰岛早期分泌功能进行研究。结果　ＩＧＴ组空腹胰岛素和Ｃ－肽值明显高于对照组（Ｐ＜ ０．０５或Ｐ＜ ０．０１）,胰升糖素两组间无显著性差异。经Ｌ－ＡＲＧ兴奋后,两组ＩＮＳ、Ｃ－肽和胰升糖素均在２分钟达分泌峰值,且ＩＧＴ组明显高于对照组（Ｐ＜ ０．０５或Ｐ＜ ０．０１）,经调整性别和年龄后多因素分析发现ＩＧＴ组ＩＮＳ分泌量与舒张压（ＤＢＰ）和体重指数（ＢＭＩ）均呈明显正相关（Ｐ＜ ０．０５）。结论　ＩＧＴ患者对Ｌ－ＡＲＧ的反应性增加,表现为胰岛α、β细胞的高分泌及功能紊乱。     

高血压患者血脂,脂蛋白,载脂蛋白及胰岛素分析

本文就４９例高血压患者血脂、脂蛋白、载脂蛋白及血胰岛素（Ｉｎ）水平与４０例正常人比较分析发现：高血压患者体重指数（ＢＭＩ）、总胆固醇（ＴＣ）、甘油三酯（ＴＧ）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（ＬＤＬＣ）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇／高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（ＬＤＬ－ｃ／ＨＤＬ－Ｃ）、载脂蛋白Ｂ（ａｐｏＢ）、血糠（Ｇ）及Ｉｎ均较对照组显著升高、ＨＤＬ－Ｃ、ＨＤＬ２－Ｃ、ａｐｏＡＩ、ａｐｏＡＩ／ａｐｏＢ及Ｇ／Ｉｎ较对照组显著降低。Ｉｎ水平随ＢＭＩ增加而升高。相关分析发现：ＨＢＰ患者Ｉｎ与ＢＭＩ和ａｐｏＢ呈正相关，与ＨＤＬ－Ｃ、ａｐｏＡＩ／ａｐｏＢ呈负相关。Ｇ／Ｉｎ与ＨＤＬ－Ｃ呈正相关。血浆ＴＧ与ＨＤＬ－Ｃ呈负相关。     

老年高血压患者血压昼夜节律与胰岛素抵抗

目的为了探讨高血压病患者２４ｈ血压昼夜节律变化与糖、胰岛素（ＩＳ）代谢的关系。方法４６例老年高血压病患者，按昼夜血压节律不同，分为杓型组（ＤＧ）与非杓型组（ＮＤＧ），行葡萄糖耐量试验和ＩＳ释放试验。结果ＤＧ与ＮＤＧ２组各时相血糖、血糖面积及空腹ＩＳ水平无显著性差异（Ｐ＞００５）；而ＮＤＧ在糖负荷后的６０ｍｉｎ、１２０ｍｉｎＩＳ水平和ＩＳ释放指数（ＩＲＩ）以及ＩＳ面积（ＩＡＵＣ）明显高于ＤＧ（Ｐ＜００１、００５、００１、０００１、００１）；ＤＧ的ＩＳ敏感指数（ＩＳＳＩ）明显大于ＮＤＧ（Ｐ＜００１）；夜间平均血压下降率与ＩＡＵＣ、１２０ｍｉｎＩＲＩ及６０ｍｉｎＩＳ水平呈显著负相关（γ＝－０５９８、－０５１１和－０４８６，Ｐ＜００１、００１和００５），与１２０ｍｉｎＩＳＳＩ呈显著正相关（γ＝０４６２，Ｐ＜００１）。结论老年高血压节律异常者有更显著的胰岛素抵抗及高胰岛素血症。     

Metabolic cardiovascular syndrome in obese prepubertal children: the role of high fasting insulin levels

The aim of this study was to detect the presence and degree of impairment of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, grouped as metabolic cardiovascular syndrome (MCS), in obese prepubertal children. We also assessed the influence of high fasting insulin levels in this pathological status. A cross-sectional study was performed on obese children based on fasting blood samples. Subjects were 61 obese children (aged 6 to 9 years) and an equal number of non-obese children paired by age and sex. The obese children presented the following characteristics in comparison to the non-obese group: significantly high levels of insulin (8.2 +/- 0.52 v 6.12 +/- 0.34 microU/mL), triglycerides (TG) (0.79 +/- 0.04 v 0.60 +/- 0.02 mmol/L), uric acid (0.24 +/- 0.005 v 0.21 +/- 0.004 mmol/L), systolic (SBP) (94.59 +/- 1.06 v 88.85 +/- 1.2 mm Hg) and diastolic (56.49 +/- 1.07 v 52.21 +/- 1.06 mm Hg) blood pressure (DBP), and low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (1.30 +/- 0.04 v 1.46 +/- 0.03 mmol/L), and nonesterified fatty acids (0.407 +/- 0.02 v 0.505 +/- 0.02 mmol/L). The hyperinsulinemic obese children showed the same types of differences when compared with the normoinsulinemic group. In the obese group, having adjusted for age, waist/hip ratio (WHR), body mass index (BMI), and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), insulin was an independent prediction factor for triglycerides (P =.0004), apolipoprotein A-I (Apo-AI) (P =.005), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (P =.029). BMI was an independent prediction factor for HDL-C (P =.001) and triglycerides (P =.027). However, insulin was an independent prediction factor in the control group for triglycerides (P =.0002) and SBP (P =.012), just as BMI was for HDL-C (P =.011) and uric acid (P =.041). We conclude that the cluster of CVD risk factors associated with MCS and intra-abdominal fat is present in obese prepubertal children. This situation seems to depend, to a large extent, on the insulin basal level. The apparent association between BMI and MCS is due to the correlation between BMI and insulin, and to the fact that insulin associates with MCS. Within the obese group, hyperinsulinemic children present the greatest impairment in the parameters considered to be constituents of MCS.     

老年人高尿酸血症发病率及与心血管疾病危险因素相关性分析

目的 探讨老年人高尿酸血症发生情况以及与心血管疾病之间的相关性.方法选择2009年7月至2011年12月在本社区卫生服务中心体检的老年人2894名,收集各项临床资料,根据其尿酸(UA)水平分为正常尿酸组和高血尿酸组,比较两组的临床资料,分析尿酸水平与心血管危险因素之间的相关性.结果老年人群高尿酸血症发生率为20.80%(602/2894).高血尿酸组体重指数(BMI)、收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、空腹静脉血糖(FBG)水平均显著高于血尿酸正常组,分别为(23.9±5.1)kg/m2比(19.2±3.2)kg/m2(P＝0.020)、(146.2±12.8)mm Hg比(134.8±8.6)mm Hg(P＝0.029)、(89.7±7.2)mm Hg比(74.8±6.5)mm Hg(P＝0.016)、(3.18±0.69)mmol/L比(2.13±0.58)mmol/L(P＝0.035)、(6.79±1.28)mmol/L比(5.05±1.12)mmol/L(P＝0.039);而高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)水平显著低于血尿酸正常组[(1.19±0.28)mmol/L比(1.58±0.35)mmol/L(P＝0.041)];两组血甘油三酯(TC)、血胆固醇(TG)水平差异无统计学意义(P＜0.05).高血尿酸组高血压、高甘油三酯血症、高总胆固醇血症、糖尿病、超重及肥胖发生比例均显著高于血尿酸正常组,分别为10.5%比2.8%(P＝0.002)、5.1%比2.9%(P＝0.026)、8.6%比5.0%(P＝0.031)、4.7%比1.8%(P＝0.013)、46.2%比24.8%(P＝0.023).Pearson相关分析显示,血尿酸浓度与BMI、SBP、DBP、TC、LDL-C呈显著正相关(P＜0.05),与HDL-C呈负相关(P＜0.05).结论高血尿酸与高血压、高脂血症、糖尿病的发生存在密切的关系,从而增加了心血管疾病的危险性.     

卒中患者脑白质疏松的危险因素

目的 探讨脑白质疏松(leukoaraiosis,LA)的危险因素.方法 回顾性收集卒中患者的临床和影像学资料,根据MRI结果将脑白质疏松分为脑室周围LA和皮质下LA,并进行计分和分级.结果 共纳入113例卒中患者,其中男性74例,女性39例,平均(61.33±1.32)岁.有脑室周围LA患者(n=86)的年龄[(65...     

肥胖在哈汉两族高血压患者中致病特点的分析

为研究肥胖程度及类型在哈、汉两民族高血压患者中致病特点。我们对高血压患者 143例 (哈族57例 ,汉族 86例 ) ,正常对照者 10 3例 (哈族 4 6例 ,汉族 57例 )。测体重指数 (BMI)、腰臀围比值 (WHR)、胰岛素敏感指数 (ISI)、空腹血糖 (BG)、胰岛素 (FINS)、口服 75g葡萄糖后 2h血糖 (2hBG)、胰岛素 (2hINS)、血脂 4项、内皮素 (ET)、心钠素 (ANP)、降钙素基因相关肽 (CGRP)。以BMI、WHR等五项生理指标为自变量 ,其余各项分别为应变量进行多因素分析。结果显示　 1 哈族WHR与DBP ,汉族BMI、WHR与SBP、DBP呈正相关。 2 哈族WHR与FBG、2hBG ,汉族BMI与两次BG、INS呈正相关 ,哈、汉两族BMI、WHR与ISI呈负相关。 3 哈、汉两族WHR与HDL -ch呈负相关、与TG呈正相关。 4 哈族BMI与ET ,汉族WHR与ET、BMI与ANP呈正相关。说明BMI、WHR二指标在哈、汉两族中通过影响血压、BG、INS及敏感性、HDL ch、TG、ET、ANP的水平而起致病作用。哈族WHR显示更有意义。     

Association of waist circumference,body mass index and conicity index with cardiovascular risk factors in postmenopausal women

Abstract

In menopause, changes in body fat distribution lead to increasing risk of cardiovascular disease and metabolic disorders. The aim of this study was to assess the association of adiposity using the conicity index (CI), body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) with cardiovascular risk factors (hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidaemia). The sample of this cross-sectional study was collected from June to October 2010 and 165 consecutive menopausal women who had attended the Health and Treatment Centre and Endocrine Research Centre of Firoozgar Hospital in Tehran, Iran were assessed. Age, weight, height, WC, waist–hip ratio (WHR), CI and fat mass were measured. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP), fasting blood glucose, insulin, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and total cholesterol (TC) levels were also determined. All statistical analyses were performed by SPSS version 17 (SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL, USA).Results showed that BMI was positively and significantly associated with SBP (r = 0.21; p = 0.009). WC was positively and significantly correlated with SBP (r = 0.26; p = 0.02) and DBP (r = 0.16; p = 0.05). WHR was also significantly and positively associated with SBP (r = 0.29; p = 0.001). Age and WC were associated with CI quartiles at the 0.05 significance level. The correlation of CI quartiles with SBP and weight were at the 0.01 significance level.We showed a significant association of WC with SBP and DBP, and that BMI could be an important determining factor of SBP. For assessing the association between CI and cardiovascular risk factors, future studies with larger sample sizes are recommended.     

新诊断2型糖尿病的代谢和慢性并发症分析

目的 研究1994年至2008年期间筛查的新诊断2型糖尿病患者的代谢控制指标及糖尿病慢性并发症患病率的变化.方法 采取集约患者、不同学科联合门诊的方法,进行糖尿病并发症筛查和数据采集.结果 2085例患者中男性1189例,女性896例.患者的发病年龄由1994年的(54.6±7.9)岁下降到2008年的(51.6±13.1)岁.1994年没有20～29岁年龄组的患者,30～39岁的患者占5%,而2008年此比例分别是2%和16%.体重指数从1994年的(24.48±4.15)kg/m2增加到2008年的(26.03±3.63)kg/m2,体重指数≥25 kg/m2、腰臀比≥0.90(男性)或≥0.85(女性)的异常率分别从1994年的63.6%、75.0%和71.4%增加到79.6%、95.2%和93.8%.以1994年的血压为基线,1995年至2008年各年筛查的血压分别与其比较,均无显著的统计学差异.空腹血糖、餐后血糖和HbA1c分别由1994年的10.3 mmol/L、15.2mmol/L和11.1%降低到2008年的9.0 mmol/L、14.3 mmol/L和8.6%.总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)无明显的变化.1994年糖尿病视网膜病变患病率为28.2%,至2008年下降至3.9%,有显著的统计学差异.肾病患病率由1994年的17.7%上升至2008的24.1%,但无显著的统计学差异.心血管并发症由1994年的14.3%增加至2008年的24.1%,有显著的统计学意义.有微血管并发症的患者收缩压、舒张压、HbA1c均明显高于无微血管并发症组[分别是136/78对130/77mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa)、9.41%对9.11%],有统计学差异.有大血管并发症的患者年龄、收缩压、血总胆固醇、甘油三酯明显高于无大血管并发症组(53.4对50.0岁,132对129 mm Hg,5.3对5.1 mmol/L和2.6对2.1 mmol/L).结论 在1994年至2008年期间新诊断的糖尿病患者,肥胖人群呈现逐年增多,血糖、血压、总胆固醇水平有所下降,而甘油三酯上升;微血管并发症,尤其是视网膜病变明显下降,肾病无明显变化,心血管并发症患病率明显增加.     

Relationships of the systolic blood pressure response during exercise with insulin resistance,obesity, and endurance fitness in men with type 2 diabetes mellitus

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationships among the resting systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) or SBP response during exercise with insulin resistance evaluated by a homeostasis model (HOMA-IR), abdominal fat accumulation (visceral fat area [VFA], subcutaneous fat area [SFA]) by computed tomography (CT), and an estimation of the maximal oxygen uptake (V*O2max) in 63 Japanese middle-aged male patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (type 2 DM). Body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) in type 2 DM subjects were significantly higher than in age-matched healthy male control subjects (n = 135) with normal glucose tolerance. Resting SBP (127.7 +/- 16.2 mm Hg v 119.4 +/- 13.0 mm Hg) and DBP (82.2 +/- 11.9mmHg v 76.8 +/- 9.4 mm Hg) levels, and the percentage of hypertension (20.6% v 1.5%) in type 2 DM subjects were significantly higher than in the control subjects (P <.05). According to a multiple regression analysis for resting blood pressure in type 2 DM, VFA was found to be an independent predictor of SBP, while V*O2max and HOMA-IR were independent predictors of DBP. In the controls, however, HOMA-IR was not found to be a significantly independent predictor for either resting SBP or resting DBP. Measurement of the SBP response during graded exercise using a ramp test was performed by an electrical braked cycle ergometer in 54 patients with type 2 DM only. The SBP was measured at 15-second intervals during exercise. The exercise intensity at the double product breaking point (DPBP), which strongly correlated with the exercise intensity at the lactate threshold, was used as an index for the SBP response to standardized exercise intensity. The SBP corresponding to exercise intensity at DPBP (SBP@DPBP) was evaluated as an index of the SBP response to standardized exercise intensity. The change in SBP (deltaSBP = SBP@DPBP - resting SBP) was significantly and positively associated with log area under the curve for glucose (log AUCPG) during a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). In addition, deltaSBP significantly and negatively correlated with the log area under the curve for insulin (log AUCIRI) and log AUCIRI/log AUCPG. Based on these results, insulin resistance was suggested to be independently associated with the resting DBP and SBP response to standardized exercise intensity in type 2 DM patients.     

肥胖高血压患者血清脂蛋白脂酶水平的临床意义及相关性分析

目的　探讨肥胖高血压患者血清肝素前脂蛋白脂酶 (Preheparin lipoprotein lipase,Pre- LPL)的临床意义及其与血脂、收缩压 (SBP)舒张压 (DBP)、体重指数 (BMI)、腰臀比 (WHR)、胰岛素敏感指数 (ISI)等的关系。方法　测定 2 4例肥胖高血压患者及 2 4例正常人的血清 Pre- L PL、人体测量变量值及生化指标。结果　肥胖高血压组的血清 Pre- L PL含量显著低于对照组 ;血清 Pre- LPL含量与 BMI、WHR、TG,SBP,DBP呈负相关(均 P<0 .0 1 ) ,与 ISI、HDL呈正相关 (均 P<0 .0 0 1 ) ,与 TC、L DL无相关性 (均 P>0 .0 5)。结论　 Pre- LPL可间接反映腹部脂肪堆积程度和胰岛素活性水平 ;Pre- LPL及其介导的脂质代谢紊乱、胰岛素抵抗与肥胖高血压发病相关联。     

The combined effect of adiposity, fat distribution and age on cardiovascular risk factors and motor disability in a cohort of obese women (aged 18-83)

Obesity is associated with a number of serious diseases and with a degree of motor disability, but the extent of the risk and functional derangement within the obese population is not yet completely defined. The study aims to evaluate the combined effect of degree of adiposity, body fat distribution and age on selected cardiovascular risk factors and functional motor disability in a cohort of obese women. A multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) is employed to show the combined impact of body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and age on systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP), total and HDL cholesterol (T-CH and HDL-CH), coronary heart disease (CHD) risk, leg power output (W, assessed with a Margaria test for stair climbing) and subjective general fatigue in a cohort of 463 obese women (BMI range 30.2-66.7 kg/m2; age range 18-83 yr). High WHR and older age, but not BMI, are to a variable degree related to unfavorable values of parameters which contribute to the cardiovascular risk. WHR in the high range is associated with significantly higher values of SBP (p<0.001), CHD risk scores (p<0.001) as well as lower levels of HDL-CH (p=0.01), while older age is significantly associated with higher SBP (p<0.001), T-CH (p<0.001) and CHD risk scores (p<0.001). A significant interaction between age and WHR was detected in the effect on DBP (p=0.01), the negative role of high WHR values being apparent in older women (age > or = 51 yr) but not in younger ones (age < 51 yr). Although not significantly related to CHD risk scores, BMI interacted significantly with WHR in determining high risk score values (p=0.01), the negative effect of a high WHR being apparent in women with a high degree of obesity (BMI > or = 40 kg/m2) but not in those with a low one (BMI < 40 kg/m2). In contrast, WHR did not significantly affect W, which appeared to be mainly dependent on age (p<0.001) and BMI (p<0.001), when considered in terms of unit body mass (BM). Subjective global fatigue, however, was unaffected by any of the factors considered. In the present cohort of obese women, older age and excessive abdominal fat distribution (as assessed by WHR) appear to be significant factors in relation to increased cardiovascular disease risk, irrespective of BMI, while older age and higher levels of overall adiposity are associated with functional motor derangement irrespective of body fat distribution. This suggests that obesity increases metabolic risk and induces motor dysfunction by means of different biological mechanisms and with a different impact within the obese female population.     

1994-2005年2型糖尿病患者代谢异常及糖尿病并发症分析

目的分析近12年来首次参加糖尿病并发症筛查的2型糖尿病患者代谢指标及有关并发症变化。方法选取1994年1月至2005年8月首次参加糖尿病并发症筛查的20岁以上的糖尿病患者6500例,比较各年度筛查患者的代谢指标变化趋势及并发症的检出率。结果与1994-1998年比,最近几年糖尿病患者的年龄趋于年轻。空腹血糖和糖化血红蛋白值趋于降低,尤其是2000年以后,分别从1994年的9.6mmol/L、10.2%降低到2005年的8.7mmol/L和9.0%。胆固醇平均值由5.5mmol/L下降至4.9mmol/L、异常的人数由54.5%下降到35.5%。而2001年以后的甘油三酯值则明显升高;高密度脂蛋白胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇无明显变化。1999年以后的体重指数明显增加,2000年以后的男女体重异常率增加,3/4患者腰臀比异常,女性更为突出。最近5年中有3年首次筛查患者的腰臀比异常率超过80%。收缩压明显下降(7mmHg),舒张压则无明显改变。糖尿病眼底病变尤其是增殖性病变明显减少;糖尿病肾病、心血管及周围血管并发症无明显改变。神经病变检出率从2000年起明显上升。结论近12年来,首次筛查的糖尿病患者中,血糖、胆固醇水平和眼底病变检出率明显下降,甘油三酯、血压和大血管并发症无明显改变;患者的年龄趋于年轻、体重在增加,尤以女性更为突出。