初中生学习成绩与心理健康状况关系的研究

目的：为探讨初中生的学习成绩及其与心理健康状况之间的关系。方法：使用学生一般情况调查表、自拟心理健康问卷、社交测量及教师行为问题问卷对太原市21中学初一、二年级共411名学生进行了调查研究。结果：初中生的学习成绩与心理健康状况之间关系密切，两相互影响，互为因果。结论：对自己认识和感受良好以及人际关系状态好的学生学习成绩好；负人缘系数得分高和行为问题多的学生学习成绩差。     

Age- and Sex-Specific Association Between Vegetation Cover and Mental Health Disorders: Bayesian Spatial Study

BackgroundDespite growing evidence that reduced vegetation cover could be a putative risk factor for mental health disorders, the age- and the sex-specific association between vegetation and mental health disorder cases in urban areas is poorly understood. However, with rapid urbanization across the globe, there is an urgent need to study this association and understand the potential impact of vegetation loss on the mental well-being of urban residents.ObjectiveThis study aims to analyze the spatial association between vegetation cover and the age- and sex-stratified mental health disorder cases in the neighborhoods of Toronto, Canada.MethodsWe used remote sensing to detect urban vegetation and Bayesian spatial hierarchical modeling to analyze the relationship between vegetation cover and mental health disorder cases. Specifically, an Enhanced Vegetation Index was used to detect urban vegetation, and Bayesian Poisson lognormal models were implemented to study the association between vegetation and mental health disorder cases of males and females in the 0-19, 20-44, 45-64, and ≥65 years age groups, after controlling for marginalization and unmeasured (latent) spatial and nonspatial covariates at the neighborhood level.ResultsThe results suggest that even after adjusting for marginalization, there were significant age- and sex-specific effects of vegetation on the prevalence of mental health disorders in Toronto. Mental health disorders were negatively associated with the vegetation cover for males aged 0-19 years (−7.009; 95% CI −13.130 to −0.980) and for both males (−4.544; 95% CI −8.224 to −0.895) and females (−3.513; 95% CI −6.289 to −0.681) aged 20-44 years. However, for older adults in the 45-64 and ≥65 years age groups, only the marginalization covariates were significantly associated with mental health disorder cases. In addition, a substantial influence of the unmeasured (latent) and spatially structured covariates was detected in each model (relative contributions>0.7), suggesting that the variations in area-specific relative risk were mainly spatial in nature.ConclusionsAs significant and negative associations between vegetation and mental health disorder cases were found for young males and females, investments in urban greenery can help reduce the future burden of mental health disorders in Canada. The findings highlight the urgent need to understand the age-sex dynamics of the interaction between surrounding vegetation and urban dwellers and its subsequent impact on mental well-being.     

我国精神卫生服务网点空间布局研究

精神卫生服务网点空间布局是研究精神卫生服务可及性与公平性的一个不可或缺的变量。当前中国精神卫生服务网点的空间布局存在网点容积率低、地区布局不均衡、各点之间离态过重等问题,严重影响了中国精神卫生服务体系和社会的可持续发展。基于此,政府应加大财政投入力度,提高网点容积率,淡化网点布局的外围模型。